Which direction does Tiananmen go?

Tiananmen Square is located in the center of Beijing, facing south.

Tiananmen Square 1

Tiananmen Square is located in the center of Beijing, the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC), at the southern end of the Forbidden City. It faces Tiananmen Square, the Monument to the People's Heroes, Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, the Great Hall of the People and the National Museum of China across Chang 'an Avenue, covering an area of 4,800 square meters. It has attracted worldwide attention for its outstanding architectural art and special political status.

Tiananmen Square is the main entrance of Beijing Imperial City in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was built in the 15th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 17). Formerly known as "Chengtianmen", it means "Chengtianmen, ordered by Heaven". The designer is Kuai Xiang, a royal architect of the Ming Dynasty. In the eighth year of Qing Shunzhi (165 1), it was renamed Tiananmen Square. It consists of two parts: tower and tower. It has a sumitomo of white marble, with a total height of 34.7 meters. Tiananmen Gate is 66 meters long and 37 meters wide. There are five gates under the city gate, and the largest gate in the middle is located on the central axis of Beijing Imperial City. In the past, only the emperor could go in and out of this gate. There is a portrait of Mao Zedong hanging above the middle door, with big slogans of "Long live the people and country of China" and "Long live the great unity of the people of the world" written on both sides.

In the Republic of China 14 (1925) 10/0, the Palace Museum was established and Tiananmen Square was opened to the public. 1 949 65438+1October1,held here in founding ceremony, People's Republic of China (PRC), was designed as the national emblem and became a symbol of People's Republic of China (PRC). 196 1 year, People's Republic of China (PRC) * * and China the State Council were announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

2. Structural shape

Tiananmen Square is located on the traditional central axis of Beijing and consists of two parts: platform and tower. Its shape is majestic and magnificent. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tiananmen Square was the main entrance of the imperial city, with five doors and nine towers, with a height of 33.87 meters. 1970 is as high as 34.7 meters after transformation.

Chengmenlou

Tian 'anmen Gate Tower is a traditional double-eaved building in China. It consists of four inclined top surfaces, one straight ridge, four vertical ridges, four ridges (the lower end of the vertical ridge is folded) and the upper part of the inclined floors on both sides, which becomes a vertical triangular wall, forming a mixed form of two-slope and four-slope roofs. Therefore, it is known as "eight eaves and nine ridges". [4]? The gatehouse is made of wood structure, and under the cornice of the main hall are orderly arches and beams. Bucket arch is unique in China's traditional wooden frame system. It is a kind of wooden component with warping, arching and arching characteristics, and consists of bucket-shaped wooden bow cross bars. Liang Fang is divided into frontal square and eaves square. Below the bucket arch is the front of the forehead, painted with colorful paintings and golden dragon patterns. The members between columns are called eaves, and there will be golden dragons and seals.

The main building of this tower is divided into two floors. The upper floor is a towering tower with double eaves and a yellow glazed tile roof. It is nine meters wide from east to west and five rooms deep from north to south, with the number of "Ninth Five-Year Plan" as the symbol of the emperor's majesty. There are 36 diamond-shaped doors and windows on the front. Most of the wood used in the tower is nanmu, and there are 60 red lacquer wood columns with a diameter of 92 cm in the main hall, which bear most of the gravity of the roof building. Arranged neatly, there are algae wells and beams at the top of the column, painted with golden dragons and auspicious colored paintings with dragon patterns. The front 36 doors and windows are in the traditional diamond pattern of China, the caissons on the roof and ceiling are painted with dragon patterns, and the criss-crossing beams of the hall are painted with golden dragons and seals; 17 large-scale palace lantern of primitive simplicity, the largest of which is called the main lantern, with eight sides, with a total height of 6 meters, a diameter of 2.8 meters and a weight of about 450 kilograms; The remaining 16 lamps are six auxiliary lamps, each with a height of 6m, a diameter of 2.2m and a weight of about 350kg. There is an umbrella lamp in the corner of each lamp. The ground is covered with all the gold bricks, covering an area of about 2000 square meters. The front and vertical ridges of the roof are decorated with kisses, immortals and animals.

The lower floor is a scarlet podium with a height of 13m, surrounded by low walls capped with glazed tiles, and the lower part is a beautifully carved white marble pedestal with a height of 1.59m, and the pedestal is a red pier with a height of10m, which is made of big bricks weighing 43kg each. There are white marble railings and railings around the tower foundation, and lotus vase patterns are carved.

Chengtai

The city platform covers a total area of 4,800 square meters, and there is a staircase with a length of 100 steps on the east and west sides, which is used to go up and down the tower, commonly known as "horse path". There are also five arched doorways. The middle doorway is the largest, with a height of 8.82 meters and a width of 5.25 meters. Only the emperor can go in and out. There are five gates under the city gate, and the largest gate in the middle is located on the central axis of Beijing Imperial City. In the past, only the emperor could go in and out of this gate. A huge portrait of Mao Zedong hangs above the middle doorway, flanked by two large slogans.

3. State value

The city gate is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties issued imperial edicts. Tian 'anmen Square, known as the "imperial edict issued by golden phoenix", should be open to the public during the new emperor's accession to the throne, weddings, and the emperor's parents' entry into the palace. Only when offering sacrifices to heaven, earth and grain every year can you enter and leave through this door. In addition, important ceremonies such as the emperor's wedding, the flag laying when the general went out to war, the road laying when the royal family marched, and the autumn trial of the punishments were also held here. At the same time, it is also the place of the biography of the golden palace.

The Tiananmen Gate Tower is a rare masterpiece in ancient architecture with its steady appearance and beautiful curves. Its ingenious structural layout and exquisite construction technology have condensed the wisdom and great creation of the working people in China for thousands of years, and concentrated on their superb architectural level and artistic expression. It is not only a brilliant masterpiece in the history of ancient palace architecture in China, but also a symbol of the long history of Chinese civilization.

After 1949, Tiananmen Square became the symbol of modern China and was designed as the national emblem. Tiananmen Square, with its heavy historical connotation of more than 500 years, highly condenses China's ancient civilization and modern civilization. It is also a symbol of the new China and an unparalleled political concern and yearning, and has become a place that people of all ethnic groups in the world and China yearn for.

reference data

Baidu Encyclopedia:/item/%E5% A4% A9% E5% AE% 89% E9% 97% A8/63708? Fr = Aladdin