What is the launch speed of Chang 'e-1?

Chang 'e-1 was launched in 20071October 24th 18: 05!

2007124 October 19: 15, confirm the successful launch!

Chang 'e-1 is China's first artificial satellite orbiting the moon. Named after China's ancient mythical figure Chang 'e, it is planned to be launched in xichang satellite launch center around 20071October 24 18: 05 (UTC+8: 00), and the whole "flying to the moon" process will take about 8-9 days. It is estimated that the total weight of the satellite is about 2350kg and its service life is longer than 1 year. The main detection objectives of the satellite are: to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface; Analyze the content of useful elements on the surface of the moon and the distribution characteristics of material types; Detect the thickness of lunar soil and the space environment from the earth to the moon.

general situation

Chang 'e-1 satellite was developed by China Academy of Space Technology and named after Chang 'e, an ancient mythical figure in China. It is mainly used to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface, analyze the distribution characteristics of related material elements on the lunar surface, detect the thickness of lunar soil, and detect the space environment of the earth and the moon. At present, this satellite has entered the initial sample development stage. At this stage, there will be two prototype satellites, electric satellite and structural satellite, to undertake satellite testing.

According to aerospace experts, the test of electric satellites is mainly used for the comprehensive test of some equipment with electronic performance, and the test of structural satellites is mainly to assess the rationality of structural design and the rationality of temperature control design of the whole satellite. At present, the structural manufacturing of these two prototypes has been completed, and the whole satellite test will be started before the end of the year. On this basis, the prototype satellite of Chang 'e-1 will be developed. According to reports, the entire initial sample test phase will last until June next year, and then it will enter the development stage of satellite positive sample stars.

In addition, the Long March 3A rocket, which undertakes the satellite launch mission, has been put into production. In order to ensure the completion of the lunar exploration project, researchers designed 4 1 item reliability for the Changsanjia rocket to improve its carrying reliability.

Technical difficulties

1, Orbit Design and Flight Program Control

2. Three-vector control problem of satellite attitude control.

3. Adaptive design of satellite environment

4. Long-distance TT&C and communication "Chang 'e-1" satellite was developed by China Academy of Space Technology. It is mainly used to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface, analyze the distribution characteristics of related material elements on the lunar surface, detect the thickness of lunar soil, and detect the space environment of the earth and the moon. Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite consists of a satellite platform and a payload. The satellite platform was developed with the technology of Dongfanghong-3 satellite platform, and the researchers made adaptive modifications to eight subsystems, including structure, propulsion, power supply, measurement and control, and data transmission. Payload includes CCD stereo camera, imaging spectrometer, solar cosmic rays monitor, low-energy particle detector and other scientific detection instruments.

Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite will be launched by Long March 3A carrier rocket in xichang satellite launch center in June 2007. After the satellite is launched, it takes 8 to 9 days to complete the phase modulation orbit, the earth-moon transfer orbit and the orbit around the moon, and carry out scientific exploration tasks. It will complete four scientific tasks, the primary purpose of which is to "portrait" the moon, that is, to obtain images and three-dimensional images of the moon surface through various means. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the distribution characteristics of useful elements and material types on the surface of the moon, and detect the thickness of lunar soil and the space environment of the earth and the moon.

According to experts, Chang 'e-1 satellite is two meters square. When the solar wing is deployed, it can reach18m at the longest, and its takeoff weight is 2350kg. It takes 10- 12 days for a satellite to fly near the moon. The design life of Chang 'e-1 is one year, and it will not return to Earth after completing its mission. Starting step

After launch, Chang 'e-1 satellite will be sent into geosynchronous elliptical orbit, with the shortest distance of 500 kilometers from the ground and the longest distance of 70,000 kilometers. The lunar exploration satellite will orbit this orbit for 26 hours, and then enter a larger elliptical orbit by accelerating. The shortest distance from the ground is 500 kilometers, and the longest distance is1.2000 kilometers. It takes 48 hours to orbit once. Since then, the exploration satellite has been accelerating and began to "rush" to the moon. After about 83 hours of flight, when we are about to reach the moon, we will rely on the reverse booster of the control rocket to slow down. After being "captured" by the gravity of the moon, it became a satellite orbiting the moon, and finally flew around the moon in a polar orbit 200 kilometers away from the surface of the moon to take three-dimensional images.

It is estimated that the total time for the satellite to fly to the moon is 157 hours, which is close to 384,400 kilometers from the earth. In the past, the satellites launched by China were generally about 35,800 kilometers above the ground, which was almost 10 times.

Chang 'e project lunar exploration plan

Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist of China's lunar exploration project and academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that Chang 'e-1 is the farthest satellite launched by China, with an average distance of 380,000 kilometers from the Earth. Prior to this, the farthest satellite launched by China was 40,000 kilometers above the ground.

The lunar exploration project will accomplish the following four scientific objectives:

1. Obtain the three-dimensional image of the lunar surface, finely divide the basic structure and geomorphic units of the lunar surface, and study the shape, size, distribution and density of impact craters on the lunar surface, providing basic data for the age division and early evolution history research of terrestrial planets, and providing basic data for the site selection of the lunar soft landing area and the site selection optimization of the lunar base.

2. Analyze the distribution characteristics of useful elements and material types on the lunar surface, mainly investigate the content and distribution of titanium, iron and other 14 elements with development and utilization value on the lunar surface, draw the full-moon distribution map of each element, the thematic map of lunar rocks, minerals and geology, find the rich areas of each element on the lunar surface, and evaluate the development and utilization prospect of lunar mineral resources.

3. Detecting lunar soil thickness, that is, using microwave radiation technology to obtain lunar soil thickness data, so as to obtain the age and distribution of the lunar surface, and on this basis, estimate the content, resource distribution and resource amount of helium -3 as fuel for nuclear fusion power generation.

Fourth, explore the space environment from the earth to the moon. The average distance between the moon and the earth is 380 thousand kilometers, which is located in the far magnetic tail region of the earth's magnetic field space. In this area, satellites can detect high-energy particles of solar cosmic rays and solar wind plasma, and study the interaction between solar wind and the moon, as well as the earth's magnetic field and the moon's magnetic tail.

Luan Enjie, deputy director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, director of the National Space Administration and commander-in-chief of the lunar exploration project,

The lunar exploration engineering system consists of five systems: lunar exploration satellite, launch vehicle, launch site, measurement and control and ground application, and will achieve the following five engineering objectives:

1) to develop and launch China's first lunar exploration satellite;

2) Master the basic technology of lunar exploration;

3) The first scientific exploration of the moon;

4) Preliminary construction of lunar exploration aerospace engineering system;

5) Accumulate experience for the follow-up lunar exploration project.

history

The lunar exploration program has been brewing for 10 years.

As early as 1994,

1996, research on technical scheme of lunar exploration satellite.

1998 to complete the research on key satellite technologies, and carry out further demonstration in the later stage.

After 10 years of brewing, it was finally determined that the whole lunar exploration project in China was divided into three stages: "around", "down" and "back"

1) The first phase of the lunar orbiting project will launch the lunar exploration satellite "Chang 'e-1" in 2007 to detect the lunar surface environment, topography, landforms, geological structures and physical fields.

2) The second phase of the project is planned from 2007 to 20 10, with the goal of developing and launching spacecraft and landing on the moon in a soft landing mode for exploration. The specific scheme is to use patrol cars and automatic robots that landed safely on the lunar surface to detect the composition of rocks and minerals in the landing area, measure the heat flow and surrounding environment at the landing site, and take high-resolution photography and on-site detection or sampling analysis of lunar rocks, so as to provide chemical and physical parameters of the lunar surface for future lunar base site selection.

3) The third phase of the project is planned to be 20 1 1 until 2020, with the goal of lunar patrol and sampling return. In the early stage, we mainly developed and launched a new soft landing lunar patrol car to patrol the landing area. Later, after 20 15, a small sampling return cabin, a lunar rock drill, a lunar sampler and a robotic manipulator were developed and launched. The key samples were collected and returned to the earth to investigate the landing zone, providing data for the next manned lunar exploration and the establishment of the lunar outpost. The completion of this project will take China's space technology to a new level.

test

The payload prototype system of Chang 'e-1, the first satellite of China's lunar exploration program, is undergoing the final joint test to ensure the normal work of scientific exploration equipment in space in the future.

The development and testing of the payload of Chang 'e-1 satellite is the responsibility of the Space Science and Applied Research Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In an interview with 16 on June 6, Wu Ji, chief commander of the payload and director of the space science and application research center, said: "In the final stage of the joint test of the payload prototype system, all developers should continue to maintain a rigorous and meticulous working attitude and complete the joint test of the prototype according to the quality requirements to ensure the smooth delivery of the payload equipment and the successful completion of the engineering task."

The satellite payload varies with different space missions. At present, it is mainly instruments for scientific exploration and equipment for scientific experiments. The payload of Chang 'e-1 satellite will include microwave detector subsystem, space environment detection subsystem and payload data management subsystem.

It is understood that the microwave detector subsystem will mainly estimate and evaluate the thickness of lunar soil, which is the first time in the world to detect the lunar surface by passive microwave remote sensing. The space environment detection subsystem consists of three devices, such as solar high-energy particle detector, which will detect the space environment parameters of the earth, the moon and the near moon.

Chang 'e I is scheduled to be launched in 2007, followed by a one-year lunar exploration.

After long-term preparation and demonstration in 10, the lunar exploration project in China was formally established in 1 month in 2004, and it was called "Chang 'e Project". At present, the project mainly carries out lunar exploration, three-dimensional image analysis of the moon, global content and distribution survey of useful elements and material types of the moon, lunar soil thickness detection and space environment detection of the earth and the moon.

related data

Portrait the moon

The lunar exploration project is the first stage of lunar exploration in China, that is, the development and launch of the first lunar exploration satellite. The star will orbit the moon and send the detected data back to the ground. The project consists of five systems: lunar exploration satellite, launch vehicle, launch site, measurement and control and ground application. It has been determined that the lunar exploration satellite mainly uses the platform of Dongfanghong III, the launch vehicle uses the Long March 3A rocket, the launch site uses the xichang satellite launch center, the detection system uses the existing TT&C network, and the ground application system is developed by Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The specific scheme is that the "Long March 3A" rocket takes off from Xichang Launch Center, and sends the "Chang 'e-1" satellite into geosynchronous transfer orbit to realize the separation of the star and the arrow. Finally, the satellite enters a circular orbit around the north and south poles of the moon to detect the moon. The height of the orbit from the surface of the moon is 200 kilometers.

With a design life of 1 year, Chang 'e-1 satellite will carry a variety of scientific instruments to explore the moon, such as stereo camera, imaging spectrometer, laser altimeter, microwave radiometer, solar cosmic rays detector and low-energy ion detector. During its mission around the moon, it mainly obtains three-dimensional images of the lunar surface, analyzes the distribution characteristics of useful elements and material types on the lunar surface, detects the thickness of lunar soil, and detects the space environment of the earth and the moon. Among them, the first three projects have not been carried out abroad, and the fourth project is the first time that China has obtained space environment parameters beyond 80 thousand kilometers. In addition, the United States has explored five kinds of resources on the moon, and China will explore 14 kinds, among which the important target is the helium -3 resources on the moon. Helium -3 is an important fuel that is safe, efficient, clean and pollution-free. According to statistics, helium -3 on the moon can meet the power supply needs of human beings 1 10,000 years. The content of helium -3 in lunar soil can reach 5 million tons.

observe

The launch of China's first lunar exploration satellite, Chang 'e-1, is just around the corner, and people's enthusiasm for seeing the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon is increasing. The reporter learned from Jinying Travel Agency in Xichang, Sichuan Province, which organized the launching activities of the visit, that more than 1000 people have signed up for the visit. At the same time, the ticket price of the previously booked 800 yuan tour may be raised.

Foreign tourists have no chance to "live"

According to the staff of Xichang Jinying Travel Agency, as of the afternoon of September 27th, 2007, more than 65,438+0,000 people from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities across the country have signed up, mainly for individual tours. Because Xichang Satellite Launch Base can only have 2000 on-site seats at most, and people from military, scientific research units, government and other departments must be satisfied first, the actual general audience is less than 2000.

However, the ticket prices in 800 yuan reported by the media before may increase. The specific price adjustment results will be announced by the travel agency on September 28, 2007.

It is understood that these tourists are limited to domestic tourists. At present, foreign tourists are still not within the reception range of on-site visits.

Inform the local police of their identity.

It is understood that tourists from China can "book" the places they visit only by sending their identity documents to the travel agency and paying a deposit of one or two hundred yuan, without providing other information such as their work units. Once the launch center determines the specific launch date, the travel agency will inform the applicant a few days in advance.

After receiving a copy of the applicant's ID card, the travel agency will make a backup and provide it to the satellite launch center for review. The launch center will also verify the identity of tourists to the local public security organs and notify them so as to contact relevant personnel quickly and at any time in case of emergency.

Admission is limited to two hours in advance.

According to xichang satellite launch center Travel Agency, the launch date of "Chang 'e-1" is tentatively scheduled to be around 20071October 26th, and the specific launch time is "most likely at night". However, the more exact launch time has yet to be finalized by relevant departments. Earlier, some media reported that it would be launched at the end of 10.

Can impatient tourists enter the launch base in advance to witness the elegance of Chang 'e-1? In this regard, the travel agency staff said, "absolutely impossible", because vehicles entering and leaving the base must be released with special passes. Individual travelers organized by travel agencies will take a unified bus to enter the launch base, "at most one or two hours in advance".

Portable camera shooting and launching

On the day of the launch, all tourists will gather in Xichang, which is more than 60 kilometers away from the satellite launch center, then take a special bus to enter the launch center, and return to Xichang after visiting the grand launch that night. It is also known that the observation deck is about 2.5 kilometers away from the launching point. In order to meet the requirements of tourists to take photos, the travel agency revealed that this visit will probably allow tourists to take cameras and camcorders as souvenirs and record that exciting moment as before. In addition, in order to cooperate with the "lunar exploration tour", travel agencies around the country have also developed and designed a wealth of scenic spots, which constitute a "one-day tour" and a "two-day tour".

The release date was originally set at 20071October 24th+18: 05.

According to experts, it is quite complicated to determine the optimal launch time of a satellite. It is necessary to make a detailed analysis of local factors such as lightning, precipitation and cloud cover, and make a judgment based on relevant historical data. After repeated consultations with aerospace, satellite launch, meteorology, astronomy and other departments, the best launch window was finally determined to be 654381around 6: 05 pm on October 24.

At present, the preparations in xichang satellite launch center are tense and orderly. The Long March 3A rocket used to launch "Chang 'e 1" has been hoisted into the rotating platform of Tower 3, and "Chang 'e 1" has also entered the launch area. Tower 3 stands quietly, and the blue rotating platform is closed, showing a test state. Xichang satellite launch center's scientific and technical personnel who test and launch, TT&C and other five systems are racing against time to make accurate measurements, making final preparations to ensure the smooth launch of Chang 'e 1 satellite. At present, all preparations are progressing smoothly.

It is understood that in order to ensure the smooth launch of "Chang 'e 1", xichang satellite launch center has carried out dozens of technical transformations on the No.2 and No.3 launch towers. At present, the two towers in the center are capable of launching "Chang 'e 1". Some experts have commented that the upgraded Chang 'e III launch tower has become one of the most advanced launch towers in the world. In a few days, "Chang 'e 1" will take off from the 85-meter-high No.3 launch tower and head for the moon 380,000 kilometers away. At that time, the world will pay attention to China again.

"Chang 'e I" has "stood" on the launch tower.

1June 17 On the afternoon, the reporter drove from Xichang downtown to the southwest of Huang Lu Expressway. Along the way, you can see rocket sculptures and slogans such as "satellite city" from time to time. About 35 minutes later, the car got off the Huang Lu Expressway from Manshuiwan Town and turned onto a simple asphalt road. The locals call entering this simple highway "entering the ditch". I wonder if it has something to do with the satellite launching base in the ravine.

The launch center is heavily guarded on 17 and can be visited on 18.

As the satellite launch is just around the corner, the satellite launch center will be closed to tourists all day on June 10 and June 17.

Standing in front of the xichang satellite launch center stone carving, you can see a tall building in the distance. According to local people, it is the launching device of Chang 'e-1. In front of xichang satellite launch center, one guard stood majestically, while another guard checked the documents of passing vehicles and pedestrians back and forth.

According to the staff of the local travel agency, xichang satellite launch center was normally open to tourists on June 16 and June 18.

In addition, before the launch of Chang 'e-1, residents within four kilometers of Fiona Fang will be evacuated, and residents within 2.5 kilometers must be evacuated from the area. It is said that this move is to prepare for the failure of the rocket launch and avoid causing casualties to nearby residents.

Under the "Chang 'e" launcher, the lights flashed.

101October 17, the reporter entered the area near the launch center, only 200 meters away from the nearest satellite launcher. Standing halfway up the mountain to the south of the launch center, you can see that the launch center is surrounded by mountains on three sides: Yak Mountain on the left and Canyon Mouth on the right. The mountain opposite is so small that the locals haven't named it yet.

The reporter saw that the tall tower 2 and tower 3 were divided into two areas. The No.2 launch tower, the tallest in Asia, is separated, and the fixed tower and the mobile tower stand at the two ends of a railway track respectively.

The most conspicuous is the No.3 Tower, which will launch Chang 'e-1 soon. Unlike Tower 2, Tower 3 is totally enclosed. From the outside, it looks like a windowless building with a huge orange crane on the roof.

According to the evaluation of aerospace experts, the upgraded Chang 'e III launch tower has become one of the most advanced launch towers in the world. In addition, six lightning protection towers distributed throughout the launch base are towering into the sky, and the longest is about 70 stories high.

It is understood that as of the afternoon of June 65438+1October 65438+July, the Long March 3A rocket and Chang 'e-1 used to launch Chang 'e-1 have been hoisted on the launch tower and are undergoing the final test.

The reporter saw that the vehicles and personnel in the base were busy shuttling back and forth. Under the "Chang 'e-1" launcher, several electric lights are particularly shiny, like flames ejected during launch.

Previously, in order to ensure the smooth launch of Chang 'e-1, xichang satellite launch center carried out dozens of technical transformations on Chang 'e-2 and Chang 'e-3 towers. At present, the two towers in the center are capable of launching Chang 'e-1.

Interviewee: Yao Ming Jr. 1- First time in Jianghu 3-20 20: