Why is zhouzhi county called "the best place in the world"?

Zhouzhi county is a county under the jurisdiction of Xi, 68 kilometers away from Xi, and it is a famous big county in Guanzhong Plain. The southwest is high and the northeast is low, and the mountainous area accounts for 76.4%. There are Louguantai, the birthplace of Taoist culture, Xianyou Temple, the birthplace of Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Qinling National Botanical Garden, the largest botanical garden in the world. Zhouzhi county is the largest kiwifruit production base in China, the largest water supply base in Xi urban area and a national ecological demonstration county. Zhouzhi has a beautiful environment and beautiful scenery. There are dozens of national first-class protected animals such as giant panda, takin and golden monkey in Qinling Mountains. It governs 376 administrative villages in 22 towns with a total area of 2,974 square kilometers. By 20 12, the total population will be 672,000 (agricultural population will be 608,000), and the sex ratio at birth will be 108.3: 100.

The development of history

Zhouzhi county's position in Shaanxi Province, China was in the Yao-Shun period (about the 24th century), and it is said that Zhouzhi belonged to Luo State.

The Western Zhou Dynasty (about 1 1 century ~ 77 1) belonged to the capital city.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, from the eighth year of Qin Xianggong to the twelfth year of filial piety (770-350 BC), it was under the jurisdiction of the State of Qin.

From the 12th year of Qin Xiaogong in the Warring States Period to the 25th year of the King of Qin (350-222 BC), Zhouzhi belonged to martial arts.

Qin dynasty (2265438 BC+0 ~ 206 BC) belongs to internal history.

The first year of Liu Bang (206 BC), the ancestor of the Han family in the Western Han Dynasty, belonged to Yong State. In the second year (the first 205 years), it was changed to Zhongli County. The ninth year of Emperor Gaozu (198) was changed to Left Civil History. In the sixth year of Jianyuan (former 135), it was changed to Right Civil History. In the first year of Taichu (before 104), zhouzhi county was set up, and the administrative office was located in Zhongnan Town, which was a blessing.

In the third year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (27 years), zhouzhi county was merged into Wugong County and transferred to Fufeng County.

In the first year of Jianxing in the Western Jin Dynasty (3 13), zhouzhi county moved to Fufeng County.

In the seventh year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty (446), Wugong County was merged into zhouzhi county and transferred to Fufeng County. In the 11th year of Taihe (487), the former Wugong County was separated from zhouzhi county, and zhouzhi county still belonged to Fufeng County.

The Western Wei Dynasty still followed the old system of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In the second year of Ming Di in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (558), Zhouzhi belonged to Zhongnan County. The county seat is located in Jinzhong South Town. In the second year of Tianhe (567), the final analysis of Nanjun showed that Hengzhou was located in the former site, and Zhouzhi belonged to it. From Zhouzhi, Cangcheng County and Wentang County were separated. Zhouzhi County moved to the vicinity of Ganhe Township in Huxian County, Cangchengfu was located near Cangyu Village in Zhuyu Township, Wentangfu was located in Wenquan Village in Guangji Township, and all three counties were placed under Hengzhou. In the third year of Jiande (574), zhouzhi county moved to this site. Zhou Nan County is located in Hengzhou, and the county is now in Erqu Town, which governs Zhouzhi, Cangcheng and Wentang counties. In the second year of Elephant (580), Cangcheng and Wentang merged into zhouzhi county.

In the third year of Emperor Yangdi's reign (583), the county was revoked and zhouzhi county was transferred to Jingzhao County.

In the third year of Tang Wude (620), Hengzhou was abolished and zhouzhi county was changed to Jizhou. The east of zhouzhi county is located in Nanxian County, now Nanzhen Town, where it was transferred to Yongzhou. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Jizhou was abolished, and Zhouzhi and Zhongnan counties were placed under Yongzhou. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), it was abandoned in Nanxian County, and it still belonged to Zhouzhi and Yongzhou. In the second year (69 1), Jizhou was established, to which zhouzhi county belonged. In the first year of Dazu (70 1), Jizhou was abandoned, and zhouzhi county was transferred to Yongzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), zhouzhi county was renamed Yishou County and transferred to Yongzhou. In the second year of Zhide (757), Yishou County was abolished, and zhouzhi county was restored and transferred to Jingzhao House. In the second year of Ganning (895), it was under the jurisdiction of Jingzhao Government. In the year of Guangfu (90 1), zhouzhi county was transferred to Fengxiang House.

In the second year of Kaiping in Hou Liang (908), Jingzhao House was changed to Da 'an House, and Zhouzhi County belonged to Jingzhao House.

In the first year of Tongguang in the later Tang Dynasty (923), he was transferred to Fengxiang House; In the third year (925), it was transferred to Fengxiang House.

After Jin, Han and Zhou dynasties, they all followed the old system of the later Tang Dynasty.

In the first year of Daguan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 107), the Qingping Army was set up in Zhongnan Town and zhouzhi county in the east. The army and county government are all in Zhongnan Town, transferred to Jingzhao House, and zhouzhi county is still transferred to Fengxiang House.

In the fourth year of Jin Zhenyou (12 16), Hengzhou was established in Dongjinzhai Village, the county seat, which governed Zhouzhi, Zhongnan, Meixian and Li Xiangxiang.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty (1264~ 1278), Hengzhou was abandoned, and finally Nanxian was merged into zhouzhi county, which belonged to Fengxiang House. In the 16th year (1279), Jingzhao House was changed to Anxi Road, and Zhouzhi belonged to it. During the reign of Emperor Qing Yuan (13 12), Anxi Road was changed to Fengyuan Road, and Zhouzhi belonged to it.

In March of the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), Yuan Louis was named Anzhai, and Zhou belonged to it.

In the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1644), Zhou was ruled by the An government.

In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), the abandoned government built roads, and Zhouzhi belonged to Guanzhong Road. 1 1 year (1922), zhouzhi county is directly under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi province. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Zhouzhi belonged to the ninth administrative supervision area. In 36 years of the Republic of China (1947), it was transferred to the tenth administrative supervision area.

Zhouzhi county was liberated on May 30th. 1949.

People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) 1 9491June1Zhouzhi was once under the jurisdiction of Xianyang Administrative Ombudsman's Office (hereinafter referred to as Xianyang Department). 1953, the exclusive ownership of Xianyang was revoked, and zhouzhi county was placed under the jurisdiction of Baoji Agency. /kloc-revoked in 0/956, and Zhouzhi was directly under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Province. 1958 Meixian was merged into zhouzhi county. 196 1 year, Xianyang was restored, and Meixian county was separated from Zhouzhi, which was under the jurisdiction of Xianyang City. Soon it was transferred to Xianyang for exclusive use. 1968, Xianyang was changed to Xianyang Revolutionary Committee, and Zhouzhi was under its jurisdiction. 1984 zhouzhi county is under the jurisdiction of Xi 'an.

Zhouzhi county administrative division map 1949 On May 30th, zhouzhi county was liberated, and the original town was renamed District. In the second half of the year, Wugong County No.3 Factory (in Gaowang) was placed under Zhouzhi. The county has 15 districts, including 123 townships.

1950 in May, the original 15 was divided into 10 area, which governed10/township. Chengguan District (in Chengguan Town) governs 1 1 towns; Mazhao District (in Nanshenzhai) governs 10 townships; Sizhu District (in Xinjiazhai) governs 9 townships; Bai Ya District (in Bai Ya Town) governs 12 townships; Zhuyu District (in Lingmei Village) governs 8 townships; Louguan District (in Jiao Town) governs 8 townships; Liuqu District (in the south of Jixian County) governs 1 1 villages and towns; Anzu District (in Anzu Town) governs 1 1 township; Ganhe District (in Song Cun) governs 10 townships; Central South District (in Zhongnan Town) governs 1 1 villages and towns. 1965, the three groups of Samsung, Sanhe and Hongguang of Chen Hegong Society were designated as Ganyuwan Commune, and the old Shuimo Commune was moved to Anjiaqi and renamed Anjiaqi Commune.

1980, a part of Guangji Commune was set aside to establish Luo Yu Commune. The former Chengguan Commune was divided into Situn, Xinjiazhai, Houjiacun, Chengguan Commune and Chengguan Town. There are 29 communes and 1 community-level towns in the county, with a total of 30 administrative units: Chengguan, Houjiacun, Situn, Xinjiazhai, Bai Ya, Qinghua, Zhuyu, Cuifeng, Guangji, Ma Zhao, Louguan, Jixian, Jiu Feng, Shangcun, Zhongnan, Sizhu, Furen, Chenhe and Jiuyu.

1984 the original commune was renamed township, the brigade was renamed village, and the production team was renamed villagers' group; In addition, Yabai, Zhongnan and Louguan Commune were renamed as towns; Merge the former Chengguan Commune and Chengguan Town into Erqu Town. From 65438 to 0985, there were 29 township governments in zhouzhi county, which governed 363 villagers' committees, 4 residents' committees and 2,489 villagers' groups.

In 2009, zhouzhi county administered 9 towns and 13 townships: Erqu Town, Bai Ya Town, Zhongnan Town, Louguan Town, Shangcun Town, Mazhao Town, guangji town Town, Jixian Town, Houfanzi Town, Houjiacun Township, Situn Township, Xinjiazhai Township, Cuifeng Township, Zhuyu Township and Qinghua Township.

Animal resources

There are more than 40 species of antelope mammals, such as leopard, green sheep, antelope, deer, musk deer, fox, wild boar and badger. There are more than 230 species of birds such as golden pheasant, ring-necked pheasant, white-faced tit, spotted woodpecker, Songhua chicken, long-tailed blue magpie, yellow magpie and magpie.

Precious animals include national first-class protected animals, such as giant pandas, golden monkeys and golden-haired pronghorn; Second-class protected animals, such as giant salamander, leopard, impala, red panda, golden cat and golden pheasant; Third-class protected animals, such as forest musk deer and leopard cat.

There are more than 30 kinds of crop pests. Natural enemies of crop pests 126 species.

There are 174 species of forest pests. Natural enemies of forest pests 12 species. Like a Trichogramma.

There are 4 orders, 7 families, 2/kloc-0 species of natural fish in Hechi, and the fish with economic value are: carp, crucian carp, salmon, catfish and eel. Economic aquatic animals are: soft-shelled turtle, shrimp, mussel, snail, frog and so on. Rare fish and aquatic animals are: giant salamander, Qinling salmon and so on. The cultured fish are: herring, silver carp, eel, bream and carp. There are grass carp, herring, silver carp, silver carp, bream, carp and so on. There are turtles, shrimps, eels, mussels, snails and crabs. There are 60 genera and species of zooplankton in 4 categories (protozoa, cladocera, rotifer and hand and foot).

Zhouzhi county forest region provides a good living environment for wildlife to inhabit and multiply. There are more than 270 kinds of animals in the forest. Among them, there are more than 40 kinds of mammals such as black bear, leopard, green sheep, antelope, deer, musk deer, fox, wild boar and badger. There are more than 230 species of black-necked pheasant, ring-necked pheasant, white-faced tit, spotted woodpecker, Songhua chicken, long-tailed blue magpie, yellow magpie and magpie. Precious animals include national first-class protected animals, such as giant pandas, golden monkeys and golden-haired pronghorn; Second-class protected animals such as giant salamander, leopard, impala, red panda and golden pheasant; Third-class protected animals, such as forest musk deer and leopard cat.

plant resources

There are many kinds of vegetation in zhouzhi county Botanical Garden. There are 640 genera of seed plants 12 1 family 1550 species in Taibai Mountain. There are 302 species of bryophytes belonging to 63 families 142 genera; In addition, there are plenty of ferns, lichens and fungi. There are also endemic plants in Taibai Mountain and Guangtou Mountain in Houfanzi Township, including 29 species of single genus, endemic genus 1 species and endemic species 150 species.

There are 8 phyla 100 genera and species of phytoplankton in the waters of this county.

The total grassland area is 980,000 mu (including 43,500 mu of grassland over 300 mu, 654,380 mu of scattered grassland between agriculture and forestry in mountainous areas+782,500 mu of edible shrub grassland in mountainous areas). The available area is 970,000 mu, and the yield of fresh grass per mu is 4 14 kg, the total output is more than 40,000 kg, the forage consumption is 22,000 kg, and the livestock carrying capacity is 6,543.8+200,000 sheep units.

In 1989, the utilized grassland area was188,000 mu (the area needed for grazing livestock), accounting for 19% of the county's available grassland area. The main grasses are awn, Carex, bothriochloa ischaemum, yellow-backed grass, cogongrass rhizome, anemone and wild pea. , with high quality. The annual output (dry) of weeds in the county is 9.46 million kilograms, mainly including sand grass, cogongrass rhizome, centipede, bitter yeast and wild oats. The nutritional value is very high. In the grass season, they are cut and fed to livestock and sheep, and the high quality is used to feed pigs and chickens. 、

Zhouzhi county forest region, which spans the north and south of Qinling Mountains, belongs to the mixed zone of north subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest belt and north warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt. There are 2,388,500 mu of forest land, accounting for 55.6% of Xi, mainly distributed in mountainous areas. More than 960,000 mu of pasture is a good natural base for developing beef cattle.

culture

Zhouzhi folk literature and art-fighting between bulls and tigers Zhouzhi folk art originated from totem worship and sacrificial ceremonies. The ancient music in Jixian County and Zhai Jun's Taoist feelings are called music fossils; "Bullfighting Tiger" and "Clapboard Dance" won prizes in national, provincial and municipal competitions; Qin Opera originated in the late Ming Dynasty and flourished in the contemporary era. Quci clubs, self-study music classes, shadow puppets and puppets are always fresh. Folk proverbs, legends and handicrafts are unique; Calligraphy and sports have a long history. This is the crystallization of people's spiritual culture in past dynasties.

Zhouzhi modern culture began in the middle of the Republic of China, and singing, newspapers, black and white silent movies, track and field and ball games were introduced one after another. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) (China), modern culture began, and departments such as Culture Bureau, Radio and Television Bureau, Sports Committee and County Archives Bureau were established to develop and manage cultural undertakings. Movies, TV, cable speakers, TV videos, tape recorders, newspapers and magazines are becoming more and more popular. Since 1987, yellow and harmful literary and artistic contents have infiltrated the society. The county party committee and the county government have organized many times to eliminate pornography and illegal publications, and collected and destroyed a large number of obscene books, periodicals and audio-visual products. 1989, there are radio stations 1, TV turntables 1, county literary and art troupes, workers' clubs, county drama schools, film companies, cultural centers, libraries, bookstores, cinemas, theaters and stadiums 1, and three cultural relics management offices. There are cultural stations (centers), film teams and book outlets in towns and villages, as well as private bookstores and film teams to enliven the cultural life of the masses.

travel

Louguantai, one of the cradles of Taoist culture, is the place where Laozi taught the classics of Tao Te Ching, and the song of eternal regret written by Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born here. Bai Juyi was a captain in zhouzhi county. Wangfata is a national key cultural relic, which is famous at home and abroad because of the excavation of Buddhist cultural relics in Sui Dynasty. Yakumota, which stands in the west of the county seat, is a building in the Tang Dynasty, and was approved by the State Council to be included in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Taibai Mountain, the main peak of Qinling Mountains, is 3,767 meters above sea level, which has also left a magical and beautiful legend, attracting a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists to visit. Erqu Town, where the county seat is located, was named after Li Yong, a philosopher of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Li Yong, Sun Qifeng and Huang Zongxi were also called the three great Confucian scholars.