Is the phone number that cannot be found in 114 a scam number?

No.

114 is China Telecom’s phone number query service, but not all phone numbers can be found on 114. Some newer numbers or special numbers have not yet been included in the 114 database. To determine whether a phone number is a scam number, a comprehensive judgment needs to be made based on a variety of information, such as the number's location, call records, text message content, etc.