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What are the characteristics of costumes in different dynasties?
1, the main clothing materials in Shang Dynasty were leather, leather, silk and hemp. Due to the progress of textile technology, silk and linen fabrics have occupied an important position. People in Shang dynasty could weave extremely thin silk, and the color was very dark. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the hierarchical system was gradually established, and the Zhou Dynasty established the official positions of "Si Fu" and "Inner Si Fu" to take charge of royal costumes.
According to the literature records and the analysis of unearthed cultural relics, China's crown service system was first established in Xia and Shang Dynasties, and was completely improved in Zhou Dynasty, and was brought into the rule of rites at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. From the anthropomorphic cultural relics unearthed in the Zhou Dynasty, it can be seen that although the decorative patterns of costumes are different, they are clear from top to bottom, which lays the basic shape of Chinese clothes.
2. The great progress in weaving and embroidering technology during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period has made the clothing materials increasingly fine and the varieties and names increasingly numerous. The spread of technology makes diverse and exquisite clothing stand out.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it has become a trend that the upper class is wide and the lower class is narrow.
Deep clothes have the meaning of hiding the body. They are the casual clothes of domestic literati and the clothes of Shu Ren people. They are unisex and may have been formed at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The ribbon-cutting of deep clothes is unique, and the clothes and shirts are connected together. When making, it is cut up and down, with a seam in the middle, which is the most widely used.
3. The clothing materials in Qin and Han Dynasties were richer than those in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the deep clothes also got new development. In the third year of Jian Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 138) and the fourth year of Yuan Shou in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 19), Zhang Qian was ordered to go to the Western Regions twice, and the land passage between China and the Western Regions was opened. Throughout the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, thousands of silks were exported continuously, which was called the "Silk Road" in history. As a result, China's clothing culture spread to all parts of the world.
The dress system in Qin Dynasty is not much different from that in Warring States Period, and it keeps the basic shape of China's deep clothes.
Men's and women's clothing in the Western Han Dynasty still followed the form of deep clothes. Whether it is a single item or a cotton-padded jacket, most of the tops and skirts are cut and stitched together, and the upper and lower parts are still not stitched or stitched; There are Hanfu and underwear in the coat, and their leaders are exposed together and become rigid suits.
Wear tight pants and keep the style of "praising clothes and big skirts". In the Qin Dynasty, clothes were black.
In the Han Dynasty, there was a clothing system. History books list more than 20 kinds of dresses, court clothes and uniforms for emperors and courtiers. The grade difference of clothing is very obvious. Mainly manifested in: on the basis of following the old system, crown clothing has developed into a basic symbol of grading; The matching system was established as a symbol to distinguish official ranks.
4. The main clothes in Han Dynasty are robes, belts [straight single clothes], belts [short clothes] and skirts. In the Han dynasty, because the textile and embroidery industries were very developed, the rich could wear beautiful silk and satin clothes. Ordinary people wear short pants, and the poor wear short brown clothes.
Women in the Han Dynasty wore two-piece dresses and robes, and there were many styles of skirts, the most famous of which was the "fairy skirt".
The unprecedented material wealth created by the Han Dynasty made Han people have optimistic confidence in human productivity. In the History of China's Aesthetic Thoughts, the author said: "Han people inherited the basic ideas of Taoist aesthetics, but abandoned their negative thoughts of being born, and absorbed the thoughts of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
5. The costumes of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties still inherited the old system of Qin and Han Dynasties.
When the Northern and Southern Dynasties just established political power, ethnic minorities still dressed according to their own customs. Later, influenced by the Han culture, they began to wear Hanfu. The costumes of the people in the Central Plains, especially casual clothes and uniforms, have absorbed the characteristics of many northern national costumes on the original basis, and the form of clothes is suitable for the body.
In the Six Dynasties, men wore robes and low skirts, while women wore robes and double skirts, which were very beautiful. For the costumes of this period, you can refer to the Ode to Luoshen, Biography of Lienv and Atlas. The costumes of the Northern Dynasties are characterized by fitted trousers, short robes and various boots. The dress is narrow and short, and the skirt and waist are slightly higher.
Women's clothes are mostly decorated with hairpin flowers, pearls and various corollas, which led to the customization of rockhopper in Song Dynasty.
Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is a period of great change in the history of ancient Chinese costumes. At this time, because a large number of Hu people moved to the Central Plains, Hu clothing became the fashion at that time. Tightness, round neck and split are the characteristics of Khufu.
6. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the development of clothing, regardless of material or style, presented an unprecedented brilliant scene. The most popular female dress in Sui and Tang Dynasties is Fu skirt, which is the main dress style of women in Tang Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, women used small sleeve as their shorthand.
Under the tight-fitting long skirt, the skirt waist is very high, usually above the waist, and some even tie it under the armpit and tie it with ribbons, giving people a pretty and slender feeling.
The skirts in the middle Tang Dynasty are wider than those in the early Tang Dynasty, and the others have not changed much. Women in Sui and Tang Dynasties were well dressed. The "half-arm" handed down from the court has double-breasted pullovers, lapels or collarless styles. The sleeves reach the elbows and waist and are tied to the chest with a small belt.
Because the neckline is very wide, it will show the upper chest when worn. Half arm was worn for a long time, and then men wore it, too. At that time, a long scarf was also popular. This scarf was made of tulle with silver flowers or flowers painted with gold and silver powder on it. One end is fixed on the chest strap of the half arm, then put on the shoulder and wrapped around the arm, so it is called silk.
7. Men's wear in Song Dynasty generally followed the style of Tang Dynasty. Generally speaking, people wear robes with collars or round necks. When they do things, they put their clothes on their belts. The clothes are black and white. At that time, retired officials and literati often wore a double-breasted gown, called a "straight jacket", with black edges on sleeves, cuffs, neckline and shirt corners, and a square bucket hat on their heads.
In the Song Dynasty, women's clothes were short jackets with narrow sleeves on top and long skirts on the bottom. Usually, they wear small long-sleeved coats and double-breasted jackets, much like vests today. The neckline and front of the coat are embroidered with beautiful lace. Men's wear: coronation, the Song Dynasty began to reduce the types of coronation, and the situation of wearing non-coronation clothes at ceremonies often appeared.
8. In the Yuan Dynasty, most nobles were Mongols, and fur hats were national costumes. Mink and sheepskin clothes are widely used, and the styles are mostly wide robes with narrow cuffs and wide sleeves. Because the clothes mop the floor, your wife must be pulled by a female slave when she goes out to have fun. This robe has a cloud shoulder on the shoulder, which is the so-called "gold embroidered cloud shoulder jade tassel", which is very gorgeous.
As a gown, the texture of the fabric is very elegant, with red woven gold, brocade, velvet and very long felt fabric. The most popular colors at that time were red, yellow, green, brown, rose, purple and gold. ?
In the Yuan Dynasty, it was quite popular for civilian women to wear Han skirts with their arms half exposed. The appearance of Hanfu often appeared on the dancers in the palace, and the narrow-sleeved shirts and hats in the Tang Dynasty were also preserved. In addition, influenced by neighboring North Korea, aristocratic empresses in Beijing also have the custom of imitating Korean women's clothing.
9. In the Ming Dynasty, the traditional costumes of the Han nationality were the main body. The costumes of ordinary people in the Ming Dynasty included long styles, short styles, tops or skirts, which basically inherited the old traditions and were very rich in variety. In terms of dress color, civilian wives and daughters can only wear purple, green, pink and other colors to avoid being mixed with official clothes; Working people are only allowed to use brown.
10, in the Qing dynasty, Manchu costumes were the mainstream. The main varieties of official uniforms in Qing Dynasty are official uniforms and mandarin jackets. Jacket is a coat added to a robe, named after it originated from riding a short coat. It is characterized by a seam in the front and back, and a piece of blue on the chest (princes and county kings use round pieces). Buzi's bird and beast patterns and hierarchical order are similar to those of the Ming Dynasty. The development of women's wear in Qing Dynasty, Han nationality and Manchu nationality was different.
Han women in the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties retained the Ming style, and small sleeve clothes and long skirts were very popular. After finishing, the clothes are getting fatter and shorter, the cuffs are getting wider and wider, and with the cloud shoulders, the pattern renovation is endless; By the end of the Qing Dynasty, urban women had worn skirts and trousers, and their clothes were inlaid with lace and curly teeth, and most of the expensive clothes were spent on them.
Extended data:
The development of ancient Chinese clothing fabrics;
1. The main clothing materials in Shang Dynasty were leather, leather, silk and hemp. Due to the progress of textile technology, silk and linen fabrics have occupied an important position. People in Shang dynasty could weave extremely thin silk, and the color was very dark. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the hierarchical system was gradually established, and the Zhou Dynasty established the official positions of "Si Fu" and "Inner Si Fu" to take charge of royal costumes.
2. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, great progress was made in weaving and embroidering technology, which resulted in increasingly fine clothing materials and various varieties and names. The spread of technology makes diverse and exquisite clothing stand out.
3. Compared with the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the clothing materials in the Qin and Han Dynasties were more abundant, and the deep clothes also got new development.
Baidu encyclopedia-ancient Chinese costumes
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