How to write a notice in an official document

Question 1: What is the difference between official letters and notifications? Letters can be classified from different perspectives: (1) According to their nature, they can be divided into two types: official letters and informal letters. Official letters are used for formal official business transactions between agencies and units; informal letters are used for handling daily routine work. The memorandum is not a formal document, and there are no requirements for the format of the document. It does not even need a title or a document number. It only needs to be filled with the name of the agency, the time of writing and the official seal at the end. (3) In addition, in terms of content and purpose, it can also be divided into letters for negotiation, letters for notification, letters for reminders, letters for invitations, letters for requests for instructions and replies, letters for transfer, letters for reminders, letters for submission of materials, etc. Since there are many types of letters, there is a certain degree of flexibility from the production format to the content presentation. Mainly introduces the structure, content and writing method of normative official letters. An official letter consists of three parts: header, body and tail. The format, content and writing requirements of each part are as follows: (1) Heading. It mainly includes two items: title and main delivery mechanism. 1. Title. There are generally two forms of titles for official letters. One is composed of the name of the issuing agency, the subject matter and the language type. The other is composed of subject matter and language type. 2. The main delivery mechanism. That is, the agency unit that receives the letter and handles the matter of the letter, write the full name or standardized abbreviation in the top box of the letter, followed by a colon. (2) Text. Its structure generally consists of a beginning, a main body, an end, and a conclusion. 1. The beginning. Mainly explain the reason for sending the letter. It is generally required to briefly explain the purpose, basis, reasons, etc. of the letter, and then use transitional words such as "The relevant issues are now explained as follows:" or "The relevant matters are now replied as follows:" to the following. The reason part of the reply letter usually first cites the title of the communication and the document number, and then provides the basis to explain the reason for the document. 2. Subject. This is the core content of the letter, which mainly explains the matters addressed to the letter. The content of the matter part of the letter should be simple, one matter per letter, and the writing should state the matter directly. Whether it is negotiating work, asking and answering questions, or requesting approval from relevant authorities, etc., you must use concise and appropriate language to clearly describe the issues and opinions that need to be told to the other party. If it is a reply letter, you should also pay attention to the pertinence and clarity of the reply matters. (3) Ending. Generally use polite language to express your wishes to the other party. Or ask the other party to help solve a certain problem, or ask the other party to reply in a timely manner, or ask the other party to provide opinions or seek approval from the competent authority, etc. (4) Conclusion. Usually, you should choose to use different closing words according to the matters of inquiry, notification, business or reply. Such as "I hereby write to inquire (business)", "Please reply immediately", "I hereby write to inform you", "I hereby write to reply", etc. Some letters do not need a closing sentence. If it is a note, you can use "Sincerely" and "Salute" just like an ordinary letter. (5) Final signature. Generally, it includes signature and writing time. The name of the signing agency shall be stated, and the year, month and day of writing shall be indicated; and the official seal shall be affixed. Things you should pay attention to when writing a letter When writing a letter, you must first pay attention to the conciseness and clarity of the writing and the appropriateness of the wording. Regardless of whether it is a parallel organization or an unrelated writing, the tone must be calm and courteous, and do not rely on power to overwhelm or force others, nor do you need to be flattering or polite. As for the reply letter, you should pay attention to the pertinence of the writing and the clarity of the reply. Secondly, there is also the issue of timeliness of the letter, especially the reply should be prompt and timely. Like other official documents, handle correspondence in a timely manner to ensure the normal progress of official business and other activities. At the same time, you should pay attention to the following points when writing "Letter": (1) Write "Letter" strictly in accordance with the format of official documents. (2) The content of the "letter" must be specific and concentrated. Generally speaking, it is appropriate for a letter to clarify one issue or one thing. (3) The content of the "letter" must be true and accurate. (4) The "letter" is mainly written as a statement. It only needs to clearly state the negotiation work, the questions asked and answered, and the matters requested for approval from the relevant competent authorities. (5) When sending a "letter", the purpose of sending a "letter" is to request the other party, either to discuss work, to ask questions, or to request approval. Therefore, the language of the "letter" must be simple, the tone must be sincere, and the attitude must be humble. (6) At the end of "letter", idiomatic expressions such as "I will send you my reply immediately", "I hereby send you this letter", "this reply" are generally used, but sometimes they are not used.

For example, in a "red-letter" notice, attention should be paid to clearly explaining the requirements and measures. It can be divided into sections or in the form of subtitles, so as to facilitate the implementation by subordinates. Everyone has seen meeting notices, which generally include the purpose, name, content, participants, meeting time, location, etc. It should be noted that these must be written correctly. Notifying the wrong time and place will be a dereliction of duty. Notices also include forwarding notices and forwarding notices. These types of notices are long in words,...gt;gt;

Question 2: What are the writing requirements for notices? Administrative documents, the abbreviation of official documents, are practical documents with legal authority and standardized format used by humans in the public practice of governing society and managing the country. It is a special and standardized style of writing that has authority that other styles of writing do not have. It has legal production authority and a certain audience, has a specific writing format (note: it goes further than the model), and has writing rules and management methods. All official documents in our country are written and handled in accordance with the "Measures for Handling Official Documents of State Administrative Agencies" promulgated by the General Office of the State Council on February 18, 1987 and revised in November 1993.

Official document writing is very demanding, especially requiring drafters to have a foundation in work practice, understand many subtle joints in work, and require better writing and language skills in specific drafting. The general requirement for official document language is solemnity, plainness, and summary. The core of Kumon language skills is word selection. The word selection must firstly be based on the objective and practical needs reflected; secondly, it must meet the standards of clarity, exactness, and conciseness; thirdly, it must be based on the specific language environment and choose different words to avoid duplication of context. Pay attention to the objects involved in the text and the reading audience. Use more written language and clerical terms, less use of images and descriptive words and spoken language, and do not use dialects. It is very standardized.

Special structural terms for official documents need to be proposed. The first is the opening word, which is used to express the purpose, basis, reason, accompanying circumstances, etc. Such as: for (for), about, because of, for, based on, according to (obey, according to), according to, check, serve, hereby, etc. The second is the closing words. For example: I want it (load, hope), I pay you, hereby notify you (report, letter), etc. The third is transitional terms. Such as (right, cause, basis) this, in view of, in summary, to sum up the above, etc. The fourth is the handling terms. Such as: experience, already, experience, now experience, hereby experience, handle, task, trial, implement, implement, study and implement, implement effectively, etc. The fifth is the term of address. There are first person pronouns: I, Ben; second person pronouns: you, your, and third person pronouns: this. etc.

There are 12 categories and 13 types of national administrative documents, namely orders (orders); motions; decisions; instructions; announcements, notices; notifications; notifications; reports; requests for instructions; replies; letters; and meeting minutes.

The main text structure of an official document refers to the core part of the official document except the format of the official document (the external organizational form, that is, the header, main text, tail and its various settings). This part of writing is the most difficult part of writing official documents.

1. Title

1. Standard form: three parts, namely: issuing authority + reason + language type

DD is used for important and solemn official duties

2. Flexible format

A Two parts: The first is the issuing authority + language type

(You can add time under the above title)

The second is the reason + language type

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The third is "Forward the originating agency and the title of the original notice"

Part B: Only the language type

DD is often an unimportant official matter, with general knowledge

If the time of issuance is written below the title of the issuing authority, brackets must be used. The official business must be important and solemn. Do not write the signature and time at the end of the article.

2. Text

1. Mainly sent to the agency (for all employees of the agency or social groups, the official work is well-known and important, so it is often not written; pay attention to the organizational relationship in the actual work)

2. Text

A. Reasons: First, the basis:

# Situation: describe time, unit, place, people and events; commonly used "currently..." time adverbials; brief introduction to people and deeds

#File : Commonly used "according to..."; often a sentence

# Meaning: discussion: commonly used "is..."

# Function: commonly used "will make..."

The second is purpose: commonly used "for..."

The reason part can be omitted, or only one of the basis and purpose can be omitted.

B Matter: (The itemized items with large and important content are listed in hierarchical meaning, or expressed in subtitles or sentences)

1. Parallel expression. common. Generally, it is written about horizontal and static situations of official business. The various parts are not closely related to each other and are highly independent, but they all serve the purpose of explanation. A certain part can be omitted. The advantage of this method is that it is broad in scope and highly organized.

The sequence code between the parallel content can be numbers or segments; the parallel content in the paragraph can be numbers, semicolons (;), or sentence parallels.

It is required to prioritize things in an orderly manner: put the important things first, and so on.

2. Progressive. Generally, it writes about the vertical and dynamic process or events of official business. Each part progresses layer by layer, each part is indispensable, and the order cannot be reversed. The advantage of this method is that it has strict logic and can explain the problem.

In a document, two methods can intersect with each other, that is, one method is mainly used, and the other method is used in a certain part, that is, a certain level.

Note: Sequence codes are often used from now on. The order is one, (one), 1, (1)*** four levels.

Unimportant content can be divided into paragraphs or even in the form of a semicolon (;)...gt;gt;

Question 3: How to write a notification document? The content is as follows: Experts please help! Thank you! **Notice of the Civil Affairs Bureau on convening an emergency earthquake relief work meeting

All departments of the bureau and county and district civil affairs bureaus: In response to the notice and request of the Provincial Party Committee, in order to effectively carry out the subsequent earthquake relief work, the Bureau Party Committee After discussion, the meeting decided to hold an earthquake relief work meeting at 10 a.m. on May 14. The relevant matters are now notified as follows:

1. Meeting time and location

***** ****

2. Participants

*Heads of various departments, heads of county and district civil affairs bureaus

3. Other related matters

*********

All units are required to make good work arrangements, attend the meeting on time, and are not allowed to be absent.

Notice

*Year*Month*Day

Question 4: How many ways are there to write the title of an official document? The title of an official document is an essential part of the official document. . Paragraph 6 of Article 10 of the "

" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures") stipulates: "The title of an official document should accurately and briefly summarize the main content of the official document and indicate the type of official document. Generally, the issuing agency should be indicated. Except in the title Except for adding the title of the book to the name of laws and regulations, punctuation marks are generally not required."

The title of the official document is a correct noun phrase, not a sentence. Its general form can be expressed as: the issuing authority "about" the subject "the" type of language. The preposition "about" connects the organization and the reason for issuing the document; the particle "the" connects the reason and the genre of the document. For example, in the "Notice of the State Council on Prohibiting the Indiscriminate Issuance of Various Lottery Tickets", the language "notice" is the central word, and "State Council" and "the prohibition of the indiscriminate issuance of various lottery tickets" both serve as the restrictive elements of the language type "Notice".

In the daily teaching and practice of official documents, there are many problems in the titles of official documents. The following 7 situations are common.

1. Three elements are incomplete

It can be seen from the "Measures" that the title of an official document is generally composed of the issuing agency, the main content (also called the subject), and the type of the official document (also called the language type). Element composition.

However, in daily life, it can be found that in practice

there will be a phenomenon that the title lacks a reason and does not accurately summarize the main content of the official document. For example, "x x City People ***" Decide".

When writing the titles of all official documents, the most difficult thing to write is the title of the notice of forwarding (forwarding). This kind of title sometimes lacks the language type, for example, "People of X Opinions of the Foreign Economic and Trade Commission on Encouraging Foreign Investment in the City’s Service Fields. As the title of the forwarding notification does not even include the text of the notice, the document is obviously irregular and should be changed to "Notice of the xx Municipal People's *** Approving the Opinions of the Municipal Foreign Economic and Trade Commission on Encouraging Foreign Investment in the Service Field of our City."

Some titles are prone to ambiguity due to the lack of prepositions. For example, "X There is also a lack of necessary function words between "Notice" and the meaning is unclear. It should be changed to "Announcement of XX University on Registration for Self-Study Examination".

Therefore, the incompleteness of the three elements of the official document title often makes the title unclear and damages the quality of the official document.

2. Improper summary of the reasons

The main content of the title of the official document is usually called the reason. In the title "National Decision on Teachers' Day", the reason is only 3 words, whose noun characteristics can indicate that "Teachers' Day" already exists, which is contrary to the content of the official document (the content is to agree with the State Council's decision on the establishment of Teachers' Day

and decide that September 10th will be the Teachers' Day), should be the "National Decision on the Establishment of Teachers' Day".

Another example is the "Request for Instructions from the People of X Township People’s *** Request for Instructions on Allocating Funds to Build a New Hope Primary School.”

When writing the title of the request for instructions, you should also note that "application" and "request for instructions" cannot be used at the same time. The request for instructions already includes the application. For example, in "Request for Instructions to Apply for the Establishment of XX School", "application" and "request for instructions" are repetitive and wordy, and the summary of the subject matter is not concise. It should be "Request for Instructions to Establish XX School".

"X . It can be changed to "Notice of the XX Provincial Party Committee on the overall arrangements for party building work in the first half of 2005".

3. Irregular language

stipulated in the "Measures" mainly include: orders (orders), decisions, Announcements, announcements, notices, notifications,

, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters,

13 types

Some languages ??used for titles of official documents It does not comply with the provisions of the "Measures". For example, the "reply" in the "Reply to the Request for Instructions on the Work Arrangement of Comrade XX" is not in the language specified in the "Measures" and should be the "Reply to the Request for Instructions on the Work Arrangement of Comrade XX".

Others combine the two legal texts, such as "X The two types of text "Request for Instructions" and "Report" are mixed together and changed into a new type of text, which seems nondescript. It should be changed to "Request for Instructions from the People's *** of XX City on Solving Funds and Materials for Drought Fighting and Planting Conservation".

There are also situations where the language is used indiscriminately, such as, "XX University about Zhang X What is the notice format: (indicative notice)

Notice from Beijing Jishuitan Hospital on ××××××

Each department:

For ××× × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ××××××. Beijing Jishuitan Hospital March 10, 2005 Example (Indicative Notice) Notice of the State Council on Adjusting the Ratio of Central and Local Sharing of Stamp Taxes on Securities Transactions Guofa (1996) No. Ministries and commissions, and agencies directly under them: Since the reform and opening up, my country's securities trading market has developed greatly, the scale of securities transactions has continued to expand, and the stamp tax on securities transactions has also increased significantly. In order to further standardize the securities trading market, properly handle the matching ratio between the central and local governments, and enhance the central government's macro-control capabilities, the State Council decided that starting from January 1, 1997, the sharing ratio of stamp duties for securities transactions will be changed from the current central and local 50 to 50. Adjusted to 80 for central and 20 for local. Relevant regions and departments should proceed from the overall situation, continue to do a good job in the collection and management of stamp duties on securities transactions, and further promote the healthy development of my country's securities market.

State Council of the People's Republic of China

December 16, 1996

Notice format: (meeting notice)

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Notice on the ××××××××××××××× meeting

Each functional department:

It is scheduled to be held on the day of × month ×××× will. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows: Meeting agenda ××××××××××××× Participants × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × Meeting time × month ×—× day (session date ×××, ××××× registration.) Meeting location ××××××××× ×××. Relevant Matters (1) (2) × × × × × × × × × × (3) × × × × × × × × × ×. Contact person: ×××, phone number: ××××××××, fax: ××××××××.

Beijing Jishuitan Hospital

××××年×month×日

Example (meeting notice)

About holding a district-wide publicity Notice of the Ministerial Meeting

Propaganda Departments of Municipal Party Committees and Propaganda Department of Liutie Party Committee:

A symposium of Propaganda Ministers of the whole region is scheduled to be held on September 9-10, and the relevant matters are hereby notified The topics of the meeting are as follows: 1. The topics of the meeting convey and study the spirit of the symposium of propaganda ministers of some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities held by the Central Propaganda Department; summarize and exchange the propaganda and ideological work of our district in the first eight months; study and deploy the next step of work. 2. Participants include the Propaganda Department of each municipal party committee and the Propaganda Department of Liu Tie Party Committee. 3. Meeting time: 9th to 10th (the meeting lasts for one and a half days, check-in on the afternoon of 9th and 8th). 4. Meeting location, registration and accommodation location: Guangxi Propaganda Cadre Training Center, Qixing Road, Nanning City. Venue: Conference Room on the third floor of the District Party Committee Office Building. 5. Relevant Matters (1) Participants in the meeting are asked to prepare a speech of about 15 minutes.

Please print 50 copies of your speech materials and submit them to the conference affairs team when you register (printing requirements: 16 format, mark "Speech Materials for the District Propaganda Ministers' Symposium" in No. 4 italics in the upper left corner). (2) Please ask the Propaganda Department of each municipal party committee and the Propaganda Department of Liu Tie Party Committee to arrange various work during the meeting and attend the meeting on time. If you are away on business or studying, please return to Yong to attend the meeting unless there are special circumstances. (3) Please report the list of participants to the Propaganda Department Office of the Autonomous Region Party Committee before get off work on the afternoon of September 5th.

Contact person: ×××, phone: ××××, fax: ××××××.

*** Propaganda Department of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

September 4, 2003

Key points for writing the "Notice" The notice is a descending text, requiring The type of language used by lower-level agencies to handle, implement or obey arrangements. Notices should be timely and should be informed of matters that should be handled, executed or made known immediately. 1. Title: Producing and issuing authority + reason + notice. 2. Text: 1. Preface of the notice: the reason, purpose and basis for issuing the notice. For example, "In order to solve the problem of ×××, with the approval of ×××, ××× is now notified with the specific provisions as follows. 2. Notification subject: write down the notification matters, list them in separate items, and make the items clear. 3. Ending: three types Writing method: Be clear and concise, not just the conclusion. 2. Between the preface and the main body, if you do not use "The following notice" is used as a transitional word, you can end with "I hereby inform you"...gt; gt;

Question 6: Writing of administrative official documents Notifications are a commonly used style of official documents. They are official documents used by higher-level agencies to inform lower-level agencies and organizations about relevant matters to their members.

Format, including title, title, body, and signature.

1. Title: Write only the word "Notice" in the middle of the first line. If the matter is important or urgent, you can also write "Important Notice." " or "emergency notice" to attract attention. Some write the name of the unit that issued the notice in front of "notice", and others write the main content of the notice.?

2. Title: Write the person being called. The name or professional title or unit name of the notifier. Write in the top box of the second line (sometimes, because the notice is brief and the content is simple, the title is omitted when writing.)?

3. Text: Start a new line and leave two spaces blank for the main text. The notice for the meeting should clearly state the time, location, participants and what the meeting will be, as well as the notice for the assigned work. Clarify the purpose, significance, specific requirements and practices of the notification?

4. Signature: Write in two lines at the bottom right of the text, one line for signature and one line for date. Notices are generally written in a clause format, which can be concise and concise so that the person being notified can understand it at a glance and facilitate its implementation.

Question 7: What are the differences between the formats of opinions, decisions, and notifications in official document writing? How is it? 20 points: Generally, it starts with "In view of...". Generally, the subordinates address the superiors. It needs to be preceded by "Dear **" and followed by the year, month and day.

Decision: It is a decision-making type, no need to be ranked first, only the payment and date are required.

Notice: It is issued to subordinate units.

Question 8: How to write a notice? Notice format 2008-03-06 11:37 Official document format (letter, request for instructions, report, notification, prescribed official document format) Part 2

Notice format: (Indicative notice )

Notice from Beijing Jishuitan Hospital on ××××××

Each department:

×××××××××××× × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ××××.

Beijing Jishuitan Hospital March 10, 2005

Example (Indicative Notice)

The State Council’s Notice on Adjusting the Sharing Ratio of Stamp Duties on Securities Transactions between the Central and Local Governments Notice

National Development (1996) No. Since then, my country's securities trading market has developed greatly, the scale of securities transactions has continued to expand, and the stamp duty on securities transactions has also increased significantly. In order to further standardize the securities trading market, properly handle the matching ratio between the central and local governments, and enhance the central government's macro-control capabilities, the State Council decided that starting from January 1, 1997, the sharing ratio of stamp duties for securities transactions will be changed from the current central and local 50 to 50. Adjusted to 80 for central and 20 for local. Relevant regions and departments should proceed from the overall situation, continue to do a good job in the collection and management of stamp duties on securities transactions, and further promote the healthy development of my country's securities market.

The State Council of the People's Republic of China

December 16, 1996

Notice format: (Meeting notice)

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Notice on the ××××××××××××××× meeting

Each functional department:

Scheduled to be held on × month × day ×××× will. The relevant matters are now notified as follows:

Meeting agenda ××××××××××

Participants×××××××××

Meeting time × month ×—× day (session date ×××, ××××× registration.)

Meeting location ××××××××××× × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×.

Relevant matters (1) ××××××××××××

(2) × × × × × × × × × × × × ×

(3) × × × × × × × × × × ×.

Contact person: ×××, phone number: ××××××××, fax: ××××××××.

Beijing Jishuitan Hospital

××××年×month×日

Example (meeting notice)

About holding a district-wide publicity Notice of the Ministerial Conference

Propaganda Departments of Municipal Party Committees and Propaganda Department of Liutie Party Committee:

A symposium of Propaganda Ministers in the region is scheduled to be held on September 9-10, and the relevant matters are hereby notified As follows:

1. The topics of the meeting convey and study the spirit of the symposium of propaganda ministers of some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities held by the Central Propaganda Department; summarize and exchange the propaganda and ideological work of our district in the first eight months; study and deploy the next step of work.

2. Participants include the Propaganda Department of each municipal party committee and the Propaganda Department of Liu Tie Party Committee.

3. Meeting time: 9th to 10th (the meeting lasts for one and a half days, check-in on the afternoon of 9th and 8th).

4. Meeting location, registration and accommodation location: Guangxi Propaganda Cadre Training Center, Qixing Road, Nanning City. Venue: Conference Room on the third floor of the District Party Committee Office Building.

5. Related Matters

(1) Participants in the meeting are asked to prepare a speech of about 15 minutes. Please print 50 copies of your speech materials and submit them to the conference affairs team when you register (printing requirements: 16 format, mark "Speech Materials for the District Propaganda Ministers' Symposium" in No. 4 italics in the upper left corner).

(2) Please ask the Propaganda Department of each municipal party committee and the Propaganda Department of Liu Tie Party Committee to arrange various work during the meeting and attend the meeting on time. If you are away on business or studying, please return to Yong to attend the meeting unless there are special circumstances.

(3) The Propaganda Department of each municipal party committee and the Propaganda Department of Liutie Party Committee are requested to report the list of participants to the Propaganda Department Office of the Autonomous Region Party Committee before get off work on the afternoon of September 5.

Contact person: ×××, phone: ××××, fax: ××××××.

*** Propaganda Department of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

September 4, 2003

Key points in writing the "Notice"

Notice is a type of text that requires lower-level agencies to handle, implement or comply with arrangements. Notices should be timely and should be informed of matters that should be handled, executed or made known immediately.

1. Title: Producing and issuing authority + reason + notice.

2. Text: 1. Preface of the notice: the reason, purpose and basis for issuing the notice. For example, "In order to solve the problem of ×××, with the approval of ×××, ××× is hereby notified of the specific provisions as follows. ...gt; gt;

Question 9: How to write the official document What should we pay attention to? The main feature of official document writing is the function of the subject. In official documents, what is encouraged and what is opposed, what is allowed and what is not allowed, or Praising or criticizing, right or wrong, advocating or admonishing, acting or stopping, the reliability of the materials is very clear. , must be true and accurate, without any conjecture, fiction or fabrication. The logical structure of official document writing is mainly logical thinking, through concepts, judgments, reasoning, synthesis, comparison, and argumentation to form writing ideas and complete writing tasks. Use more explanation, narrative, and argumentative expressions, and be careful in using literary techniques that are plain, clear, and vivid. Try to avoid big words, empty talk, lies, and clichés. You can't say nothing, and you can't sensationalize. Be factual. Yes, clearly. Conciseness of expression. Strive to be simple in structure, simplistic in level, and concise in language. On the premise of writing things and ideas clearly, clearly, and thoroughly, the simpler the writing, the better. You must have a strong sense of style and genre, pay attention to the writing format and style characteristics of official documents, and also pay attention to the additional markings of official documents ("applied writing") [Edit this paragraph] The writing requirements of official documents conform to the requirements of the party and the country. Guidelines, policies, laws, decrees, and relevant regulations of superior authorities. The situation is true, the views are clear, the writing is concise, the regulations are clear, the layers are clear, and the punctuation is correct. The names, places, numbers, and dates should generally be written accurately. Numbers, writing time, partial structural hierarchical numbers and phrases, idioms, abbreviations, and numbers as morphemes in rhetorical sentences must be written in Chinese characters, and are generally written with *** numbers. (1) Leadership. Guidance function (2) Contact with official duties (3) Propaganda and education function (4) Evidence-based function (5) Standardizing words and deeds