Weiwei technology short message

Author | Yi Gongzi

America is keen on opening up.

Hedy lamarr was a Jew born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In order to escape the Nazis' pursuit of Jews, he fled from the European continent to Hollywood in the United States. This charismatic third-rate film actor has many excellent film works, but in addition to performing programs, he also has a magical hobby-studying radio communication.

On a quiet night, Miss Heidi invented the "frequency hopping technology" based on the principle of piano-encrypting information and expanding communication capacity by frequency hopping. After applying for a patent, she donated it to the American government for free, hoping that the latter could defeat the Nazis in World War II.

This beautiful woman is very kind, but she did suffer from generation after generation of engineers. From then on, she looked up, knelt down, licked the dish and looked down at the book.

Italian Jewish immigrant and mathematician AndrewViterbi Viterbi developed CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) commercial technology based on Miss Heidi's technology. Determined to provide higher quality communication, several professors named the company Qualcomm.

It is difficult to find a foothold in the communication industry. Ericsson and Nokia are the leaders of rivers and lakes in the industry after a hundred years. Ericsson once sold the first batch of telephones in China to the Qing government. Up to now, photos full of historical significance frequently appear in corporate introductions, and gestures are the glory of European aristocrats. Qualcomm, founded by several scholars, or Huawei, founded by a disheartened middle-aged man two years later, is a short-lived tree in front of the giant's technology, capital and market.

The GSM communication standard introduced by Ericsson and Nokia has been proved in 1G (first generation communication). When human communication technology gradually enters the 2G (second generation communication) era, it is a good stage of its self-iteration.

As a challenger, Qualcomm frequently lobbied for the efficiency and prospect of CDMA solutions, and successfully won the American and Korean markets. The European tycoon frowned. Well, have fun.

After all, GSM has long been established as a communication industry standard. From equipment manufacturing to network construction, from terminal to market education, what is done is done, so it can be shaken overnight.

More importantly, the usage scenario of 1G is mobile phone+picking up girls to show off wealth; The usage scenario of 2G is cell phone call+texting+eating snakes. There is no such high requirement for communication speed in experience. CDMA is more efficient, but why do you need such a fast network speed? Comparatively speaking, the GSM standard has a history of more than ten years, and the infrastructure investment is sufficient, which not only meets the demand, but also has mature and reliable technology.

Only the motherland is good in the world. Some fans in the United States, Canada, Japan and South Korea chose CDMA in Qualcomm. However, GSM, headquartered in Europe, is both an industry standard and the mainstream of the market, and the former is restricted everywhere.

Throughout the 1990s, Qualcomm often suffered losses. Continue to invest in the funds raised through listing and stick to it. Will this CDMA persistence pay off?

With the transition from 2G to 3G, the communication transmission speed is gradually improved, and the technical advantages of CDMA solutions are further highlighted.

Ericsson and Nokia have gradually come up with new ideas. That day in the main tent in the middle of the army, leaders from all walks of life were discussing something. Suddenly, come to the newspaper. When GSM was very popular, Qualcomm took advantage of everyone's negligence and secretly set up a bureau to apply for the patent of CDMA solution.

Let Yi Gongzi explain one more sentence. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is an information processing method, so it is impossible to apply for a patent. However, the solution of "applying CDMA to mobile phones and other terminals and becoming a means of communication" can be patented. For example, the method of "cutting rice cakes" cannot be patented, but the machine for cutting rice cakes can be patented.

Qualcomm's cunning lies in that he not only applied for a patent for the scheme he developed, but also applied for a patent for all "possible" CDMA application schemes. In this way, anyone who wants to use CDMA technology must pay the patent fee to Qualcomm. Qualcomm's success and criticism all come from this.

Of course, European aristocrats will not sit still. They immediately set up a 3GPP organization, carefully bypassed Qualcomm's CDMA patent to the greatest extent, and introduced the UMTS standard with WCDMA as the core technology. However, due to the precise layout of Qualcomm in advance, Ericsson can't completely bypass Qualcomm no matter how careful it is. The patent fee has been settled, but it is only a more or less problem. At the beginning of 3G, Qualcomm took the lead in making an appearance with the image of "I opened this road and planted this tree".

A scholar who has been despised for many years is willing to accept it at this time. Raise the standard, call for complete obedience to own 3GPP2 organization, and advocate CDMA2000 standard. Chen Binghan River of WCDMA, an old aristocrat, runs counter to it.

At this time, it coincides with the approaching of the end of 20th century and 2 1 century. WCDMA and CDMA are really a century war.

European powers have a solid foundation and act quickly. Due to high market expectations, 3G licenses are frequently sold at high prices. But then the IT bubble burst in 2000, and the major WCDMA operators were suddenly overwhelmed. Vodafone and T-MOBILE's capital chains have turned red frequently, and many people in France Telecom committed suicide due to performance pressure [1].

However, Qualcomm's CDMA2000 camp was weak and slow, but fortunately IT escaped the bursting of the IT bubble and made a good start.

However, regardless of WCDMA or CDMA2000, the more in full swing, the more mired in a problem: the network is built, but there is no demand. At that time, the screen of mobile phone was small, and there was nothing interesting except phone calls, text messages and snakes. Obviously, a mature 2G network based on GSM is more than enough.

Qualcomm, which has been able to fight against the European powers, is trying to break through the tight encirclement, only to find that there is no way out. There is nowhere to vent one's pride, and the opponent's army is in array, and Lianfa draws a bow and arrow, and wears a hundred paces.

MediaTek named this GSM solution as turnkey solution. As the name implies, "turnkey" is like a house, where you can wrap it with you. With this chip-based system, any manufacturer can produce mobile phones as long as it is equipped with a screen and a battery. At the same time, CDMA technology is very complicated, and Qualcomm charges high patent fees. In contrast, MediaTek's turnkey solution is efficient and reasonably priced.

MediaTek's "turn-key arrow" caught fire and ignited the China market in the Far East.

At the beginning of the century, China people's demand for mobile phones just woke up, extending from Shenzhen Huaqiang North to the whole country. Various small private factories snapped up MediaTek turnkey online mobile phone production line: eight speakers were installed, and an NCKia mobile phone danced square dance all night; It is equipped with a mobile phone case that glows like an inferior toy, and it is also the latest Samsung. This group of folk forces, known as "shanzhai machines", made gratifying profits in the blowout mobile phone market in China, but inadvertently killed the first extravagant hope of Qualcomm on the other side of the Pacific Ocean.

High-end Nokia, low-end cottage, and GSM standard occupy the largest and fastest-growing China market in the world.

The war is over. Reward according to merit.

For a time, the argument that 3G failed was rampant. Qualcomm was very angry and embarrassed. However, before the celebration banquet of European nobles was over, the smoke in the distance lit up again.

In recent years, although Ericsson, Nokia, Qualcomm, etc. The solution of human communication has always been the internal affairs of CT industry. However, Prince CT finally attracted the envy of the IT industry. Wifi is a masterpiece of the IT industry.

Intel Intel, as a leader in the IT industry, feels it's time to make its big brother stand out. At that time, Intel's chips+Microsoft's Windows operating system formed the Wintel combination, which was popular all over the world and invincible. China Ni Guangnan wants to break the monopoly and create a core for the nation.

The technology of the chip is realized, but the patent of the chip cannot be avoided; After a long March, I bypassed the patent and made a new RISC structure, and found that I had to make my own prototype; When I made the prototype, even the products were made by myself, and finally I found that no software was willing to build an ecosystem. China's national core plan ended in anger. Leave endless obstacles for the challenger and finally strangle you easily. The giant power of Intel+Microsoft is terrible.

Interestingly, due to too few users, Tencent announced on 20 16 that it would stop updating WeChat and QQ software on windows phone system. Years later, with the same logic and the same angle, Microsoft was left behind by the big ship in the mobile world. This is another story. Press the table.

At least at that time, IT upstarts had the same scenery.

Wifi technology is stable, low-cost, and has long been ahead of mobile networks in speed, and has been popular for some time. In those years, Yi Gongzi greeted other people's homes like this: Your home is really beautiful. What is the wifi password? Facebook's Zuckerberg and Iron Man elon musk both threatened to build a global wifi system. IT bosses are full of confidence, and Intel has come up with a Wimax solution with wifi technology as the core. As a result, the original dispute between the two great powers became the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Europe: GSM(2G), WCDMA/UMTS(3G)

Qualcomm: CDMA(2G), CDMA 2000(3G)

Intel: Wimax(3.5G)

Because the main standards can compete with each other, they will inevitably have their own advantages and disadvantages. Other participants in the communications industry, such as equipment manufacturers, have chosen similar gambling in several major standards. Choose the right one, count the money and tremble; Wrong choice, lose everything.

When 3G construction is in full swing and burning money like hemp. MediaTek launched the turnkey plan, and the market suddenly woke up. The crazy investment of 3G can't make money back, and the speed of 2G is enough and the cost is low. Hurry back and do GSM.

After more than ten years of operation, Huawei has opened a huge gap with ZTE by virtue of its wolf culture, but then it frequently gambled wrong. On the other hand, ZTE is betting on the popular PHS business. The gap of many years was smoothed out in a short time, which was the last time that ZTE kept pace with Huawei.

At the historical moment, Huawei, which has invested heavily in 3G, made a decisive decision. Yu Chengdong changed the name of "UMTS and GSM Marketing Department" to "GSM and UMTS Marketing Department", and the brothers immediately understood. They turned their guns, worked hard for GSM, made a lot of money, and completed a very important growth in Huawei's history.

When a group of dignitaries showed their magical powers, the financial crisis in 2007 came unexpectedly, making this century war even more sad. Lucent invests heavily in CDMA in the United States and is committed to Alcatel. Nortel, which has a history of 100 years, went bankrupt because of gambling on WIMAX, Motorola was split and sold, and Nokia and Siemens merged to survive. The once all-powerful swordsmen, like ordinary people, were dying, and the blood sprayed out quickly became cold in the cold wind. Just leave a little blood as a sacrifice in the 3G era.

These frightened Huawei and ZTE, and found that as long as they do nothing and lie on the ground alive, their rankings can climb up.

Bloody shirts, but the outcome has not yet been decided, and those who still have a breath are unwilling to leave, and the standards they defend will surely unify the whole country.

It's just that every time someone asks that embarrassing question again, everyone is still shocked.

Why do mobile devices need such a fast 3G network speed?

Heroes from all walks of life should be calm, so they might as well sit tight. The person who started the era is already on his way.

It's sunny in California, and Steve Jobs, the descendant of Syrian immigrants, owns a mobile phone called iPhone.

Times have once again divided the boundaries, and Jobs has redefined the mobile phone. With the iPhone and the entrance named AppStore, the question of the century in the communication field has finally found the answer.

With 3G communication speed, there are too many things that can be done in the era of smart phones. Bigger screen, richer content, those who clamor for phone calls and text messages are fed up and immediately realize that they are wrong. Although Belsley, founder and CEO of BlackBerry, confidently insisted that "the appearance of iPhone has little influence on us".

However, the commercial mobile phone giant Blackberry and Nokia, which dominated the world mobile phone market for 16 years, were pulled down from the altar in just a few years, and finally died after several struggles.

The old days are gone forever. The new era is rushing forward, and there is a large virgin land to be developed represented by app. An era called "Mobile Internet" by later generations is waiting for the rivers and lakes to harvest.

IPhone reviews the main standards of the communication world.

The limitation of Wimax scheme is the most obvious. WiFi coverage is limited, the connection is cumbersome, and it is impossible to switch seamlessly. "I brought my boyfriend's iPad to my girlfriend's house, and even automatically connected to wifi." Such convenience and luck only belong to a few people.

GSM is too slow. It takes three minutes to open Yahoo's webpage. Times must abandon you.

It is obviously not difficult to choose between WCDMA in Europe and CDMA2000 in Qualcomm.

CDMA finally won. Qualcomm concentrated his persistence and accumulation of CDMA for many years into Snapdragon's snapdragon chip, and put it into a batch of iPhone and sold them all over the world. In the same year, Viterbi, the second richest mathematician in the world, proudly won the National Science Medal from President Bush. The scholar who used to be a poor window now has both fame and fortune. At the peak, overlooking the rivers and lakes is another plan.

First-class enterprises sell standards, second-rate enterprises sell technology, and third-rate enterprises sell products. Qualcomm, who bet on CDMA in the early days, competed for standards, bowed his head and made equipment, selling mobile phones during the day and making chips at night. When Qualcomm took an absolute advantage in 3G era, especially in 4G era by virtue of CDMA scheme, it sold the equipment business such as base stations to Ericsson and packaged the mobile phone business to Kyocera. The core business is in hand, as long as the chips and patents are authorized, it is enough.

Qualcomm's patent fees are charged in an unusual way. Other countries price patents separately, but Qualcomm people are ruthless and insist on charging 2% to 5% of the price of mobile phones. Apple quit. In recent years, the iPhone has become more and more expensive. Apple believes that the credit lies in its innovations in various fields such as screen, unlocking, software and camera. Qualcomm, why do you want to share your praise with others? ! This is a scene where brothers turn against each other and fight one on one.

1G blank, 2G follow-up, 3G participation and 4G catch-up, which is an accurate summary of the communication world in China.

No matter Nokia or MediaTek's turnkey solutions, China has made the most proud market achievements. Especially at the moment when CDMA, which represents 3G, and GSM, which represents 2G, are in the most stalemate, I decided to help an international dispute win by buying from buy buy alone. However, after 30 years of reform and opening up, China will obviously not be willing to be a buyer with no sense of existence in the future.

On June 5438+ 10, 2009, the climax of the financial crisis has passed, the 4 trillion stimulus policy has sounded, and the Ministry of Information Industry of China has issued a 3G license. China Telecom is responsible for CDMA2000, China Unicom is responsible for WCDMA, and China Mobile, the industry leader, is assigned to undertake the construction of TD-SCDMA developed by China.

Because Qualcomm has applied for all the patents that can be thought of to apply CDMA technology, future generations can only take detours except paying. TD-SCDMA developed by China is a very circuitous method. It is difficult to popularize in use, and there are many problems in use.

The oligopoly model of China operators, which has been widely criticized by the public, shows its two sides here. China Mobile, which used to rely on GSM business to make money, supported China's independent innovation under the guidance of the national will. See you at the same time. CDMA technologies of China Unicom and China Telecom are both imported mature technologies, which can bring a good experience as soon as they come up. China Mobile watched its high-end customers being poached in batches.

TD-SCDMA is hardly successful. However, it is the huge investment of the people of China and the will of never back down that show the world China's determination in the field of communication. Europe and the United States understand that if China, with a population of 65.438+0.3 billion, is not allowed to participate in the formulation of mainstream communication standards, then this country that has experienced enough hardships will pull the rod and formulate a standard by itself.

Since then, when the international organization 3GPP formulated the international communication standard, China's opinion has gradually become an important consideration. Only in this way can we see a number of China enterprises at the 5G standard negotiation meeting.

4G and Apple achieve each other. Apple created value and demand for the acceleration of 4G. It was the rapid popularization of 4G that made Joe's maverick terminal +iOS+AppStore ecology come true before his death, thus destroying human civilization and making Nokia's mobile phone suddenly collapse. Sudden technological changes have also changed the fate of domestic giants.

That year, QQ was old after all, and Tencent, the king of social interaction, was cornered by Sina Weibo, a new force. In order to encourage celebrities and opinion leaders to open Tencent Weibo, Tencent has tried its best to give away iPhone and pay high "creative fees". Tencent Weibo is online 8 months later than Sina Weibo, but 8 months is enough to separate an era in the product life cycle.

The restless Shenzhen headquarters heard that Zhang Xiaolong had developed an application called "WeChat" on the emerging smart phone, and it quickly broke through 654.38+million users. The horse finally breathed a sigh of relief. From that day on, he never personally invited celebrities to open Tencent Weibo.

At the MWC Mobile World Congress in 20 19, Huawei said at the press conference that success depends on friends and great success depends on competitors.

Many years ago, the 3G data card business of Huawei and ZTE in Europe grew gratifying. But there is only one chip supplier in Qualcomm. Qualcomm maintains a balance between Huawei and ZTE and maintains its absolute superiority. Many times, Huawei and ZTE were ready, but because they couldn't get the chips from Qualcomm, they couldn't deliver them. Commercial warfare pays attention to strength and has no temper at all.

There are "big Xu" and "small Xu" in Huawei's history. Xu Da of Xu Wenwei paid attention to communication system chips in 1990s. His popularity was not as good as that of Zheng Baoyong, Li Yinan or Yu Chengdong, but solid core technology was the cornerstone of Huawei's success. In 2004, Xiao Xu and Xu Zhijun began to take the lead in entering the consumer electronic chip market. First of all, I thought of the English name of Huawei Silicon, abbreviated as Hess Silicon, hence the name Hayes. This name is similar to the birth of Qualcomm.

A few years later, Hua Chenyu entered the consumer electronics chip market with data card chips.

Seeing that MediaTek made money through turnkey solutions, Hess was jealous and developed Huawei's turnkey solutions, hoping to make a big profit. Hu, vice president in charge of marketing, thinks that low confuses Huawei's positioning and insists on cutting it. In 2009, Guo Ping attended the EMT meeting with the PPT produced by Fang Maoyuan. Once the idea that "consumer electronic chips spend too much money and have limited benefits" is put forward, it is like lighting an explosive barrel, and everyone is arguing. The future of Huawei's mobile phone chips has reached a critical moment.

Ren Zheng Fei personally decided to transfer the mobile terminal chip from Hisilicon to the mobile phone company. United front, mobile phone and chip survive together.

Huawei's baseband chip named Ba Long is a snowy mountain in Dingri County, Tibet, with an altitude of 70 13m, and it is a neighbor of Mount Everest. Ambitious, but mediocre. For example, K3V2 with 40nm technology has high calorific value and poor game compatibility. At the same time, Qualcomm APQ8064 and Samsung Exynos44 12 adopted 28 nm and 32 nm processes. [1] Yi Gongzi is the user of Huawei's first smart phone P 1. He holds it in his hand in winter and is qualified to warm the baby.

Previous generations of Huawei mobile phones have many ideas, but they lack integrity. Yu Dazui was very lively at the press conference, and there was a lot of pressure outside the camera.

Understand it and accept it.

Although Mate7 was released in the same month as Apple and Samsung. However, Huawei's rush to enter the high-end machine this time did not have high expectations, and the stocking area was only 300,000. Who knows that the iPhone was arrested in Hollywood at the same time, and there was no server problem in China that led to information security alarm. Samsung Note4 accidentally used backward technologies such as plastic case and sliding fingerprint, which was full of old-fashioned.

Huawei stood out unexpectedly. Watching people appreciate the improvement of face value, fingerprint pressing and business positioning. The gatekeeper is amazed at this Kirin925 chip, which has accumulated many years of achievements and improved the integration, compatibility and GPU graphics capabilities. In addition, it uses 28 nm technology, which is really at the same level as the high-end chips in Qualcomm.

It is also a spring and autumn for Huawei people to climb mountains and mountains.

In Barcelona this year, Huawei said that success depends on friends and great success depends on competitors.

Clothes childe in the audience, this is an outsider, also can't help but mind move, lofty sentiments.

Twenty years ago, in the dispute between CDMA and GSM, China could only applaud to pay the bill; 10 years ago, TD-SCDMA independently developed by China was only a marginal existence; At present, in the negotiation of the latest 5G standard, the coding scheme of data channel adopts LDPC code advocated by Qualcomm, and the coding scheme of control channel adopts Polar code advocated by China. China enterprises began to make contributions to the formulation of new generation communication standards.

The struggle between communication rivers and lakes will continue. Qualcomm's experience tells us that if the latecomers make progress, those with vested interests will set up obstacles. Whether it is the voting event or the difficulty of setting up 5G in various places in the United States, people in the game are reminded: Jianghu or Jianghu.

In his early years, China's ideal in communication was not pinned on Huawei. For example, Lenovo, which was established at the same time as Lenovo and is often used for comparison, was born well and led in achievement. When Sun Hongbin was a "little grandson", all the fresh graduates recruited by Lenovo were from Peking University and Tsinghua. In the 1990s, if the undergraduate course was not Tsinghua, they were embarrassed to say hello. The current CEO Yang Yuanqing was also born in a wealthy family. He graduated from the University of Science and Technology of China with a bachelor's degree.

Look at Huawei, a private enterprise, who graduated from Chongqing Institute of Architecture, Hu, Zheng Baoyong from Southeast University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology (later Huazhong University of Science and Technology), plus Nanjing University of Science and Technology. No disrespect, but Ren Lao did teach later, and young people who are not top universities can still conquer the world. Ten-year lanterns in Jianghu are interesting.

In the past two years, post-60s Guo Ping has made progress in English. At MWC in Barcelona last month, Guo Ping, Huawei's rotating CEO, read in Ganzhou English: Prism, prism on the wall, who is the most trustworthy? Prism prism tell me, who is the safest communication equipment in the world? Westerners present laughed heartily at this wonderful pen, and several celebrities whistled.

Project Prism is a secret surveillance program implemented by the National Security Agency for many years. After many years, Snowden, a former CIA employee, exposed the story to The Guardian and Washington post, and the whole world knew the inside story.

The gifts of fate are presented in unexpected ways.

In the 2G era, there were only tens of thousands of base stations in China; In the 3G era, TD-SCDMA technology has defects, which China Mobile can make up by building more base stations, burning money and being ashamed. In the 4G era, there are 7 million base stations in the world, with 4 million in China.

According to the formula c (speed of light) = λ (wavelength) v (frequency),

Among them, the speed of light is always bright, the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and the closer it is to linear propagation (the worse the diffraction and wall penetration ability). Simply put, from 1G to 5G, the wavelength is getting shorter and shorter, and more and denser base stations are needed to complete the ecology of 5G. The late China team arrived first and ran to the front of the team.

However, Ren Zheng Fei warned everyone in an interview that 5G actually exaggerated its role, and more people exaggerated Huawei's achievements. In fact, there is no such urgent demand for 5G in human society ... Don't treat 5G as a wave, the wave is coming, and wealth is coming. Catch it quickly, or you will miss it if you don't catch it. The development of 5G must be slow.

I hope this article by Yi Gongzi can help you review the history of communication, especially the story of 3G. You will understand that Ren Lao is not ignorant of 5G, but that G's technology is mature and can support 5G communication, but it should be a slow process to fully tap the value of 5G in the application of 5G.

Ren Lao also has a wonderful metaphor. At present, 5 G has a big mouth and a small throat.

Recently, many friends of brokers and funds talked to Yi Gongzi about the investment opportunities of 5G. Of course, I am optimistic, but in the end, I still say, don't let 5G follow the footsteps of 3G. Humans always overestimate the changes in the last two or three years and underestimate the changes in the past ten years.

So where are the opportunities for 5G? Let's sort out the four centers of 5G: equipment vendors (Huawei, Ericsson, Nokia, ZTE) and operators (China Mobile, AT & amp； Terminals (Samsung, Huawei, Apple and Qualcomm with core technology chips) and application providers.

1, equipment manufacturer: 5G networks need more and denser base stations. Huawei and Ericsson have introduced smaller, low-power and ecological base stations, which have the characteristics of low power consumption and low radiation, and are small enough to be hidden under billboards under street lamps. But in the final analysis, this demand is "building a base station". Since it is the old job, the opportunity belongs to the giants who master the core technology, and the strong are always strong, and there is no chance of spillover.

2. Operators: Continue to purchase base stations from the upstream and charge communication fees from the downstream, with the same mode and limited opportunities.

3. Terminal: Samsung, Huawei and Apple have their own communication solutions, and other brands have Qualcomm chips. Industry leaders have got rid of Qualcomm Solo. For other players, it is not difficult to produce 5G mobile phones, as long as they are willing to pay Qualcomm tax and buy chips and baseband. In addition, the innovation of folding screen and camera is only to sell more mobile phones, and the Eight Immortals show their magical powers when crossing the sea.

The first three centers have the same model and limited opportunities. The biggest opportunity in the 5G era is in the fourth center-application.

Schopenhauer said: human beings always regard the boundaries within their own vision as the boundaries of this world.

Imagine, is it possible to talk about WeChat in the 2G era? Is it possible to brush Tik Tok in 3G era? Similarly, Europeans and Americans don't like mobile payment not because of tradition, but because there are only 200,000 base stations in the United States, and there is no signal in some areas. It takes 1 min for some signals to complete payment, or the delay of some networks can't make the merchants hear "Alipay arrives 10 yuan" at the first time, and the communication coverage is insufficient and the standards are not uniform, which makes it difficult to popularize.

So what are the applications of mining 5G value?

If the first description given by a person when introducing 5G is "it only takes a few seconds to download one of her movies", then this person has not grasped the key point of 5G.

In fact, in terms of transmission speed, 4G is quite enough. The biggest attraction of 5G is low latency. The delay of 4G is tens to hundreds of milliseconds, and the delay of 5G will drop to several milliseconds. Human senses can't detect it, but for cars with hundreds of speeds, the instructions of turning and braking are the real gospel. 5G sent the last piece of puzzle for autonomous driving.

For another example, the most important and expensive components of computers and mobile phones are processors (data processing) and graphics cards (image processing). As long as the delay reaches the ideal level, we might as well put the processing in the cloud, leaving only the screen (display) and keyboard (input). Is it economic and powerful? Driven by smart products such as PC and mobile phone, the so-called Internet of Everything will inevitably set off a manufacturing revolution.

1G blank, 2G follows, 3G participates, 4G catches up. 5G synchronization. At this moment, like Prometheus stealing fire for the world, people with lofty ideals in China stood on the same starting line with their western counterparts for the first time.

The past is like smoke. Sunset and snow in the distance, horses neighing under their legs.

References:

[1]. Veteran Dai Hui, official account of WeChat: the best game.