Architectural features and historical background of Sydney Opera House in Australia.

Located in Sydney, Australia, Sydney Opera House is one of the most distinctive buildings in the 20th century. It is also a world-famous performing arts center and has become a landmark building in Sydney. The Opera House was officially completed on 1973, and was named as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO on June 28th, 2007. The designer of the Opera House is Danish designer joslash utzon. Sydney Opera House is located at Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour. Its unique sail shape, together with the Sydney Harbour Bridge, is in harmony with the surrounding scenery.

catalogue

1 Introduction

2 Appearance structure

3 Interior decoration

4 Construction history

designer

build

expense

5 anecdotes

The twists and turns of design and construction

A grand opening ceremony

First performance

6 historical data

7 social evaluation

8 travel tips

Nine national theaters

1 Introduction Editor

English name: Sydney Opera House

Venue: Cape Beniland, Sydney, Australia.

Scale of Opera House: The entire building of Sydney Opera House covers an area of 1.84 hectares, with a length of 183 meters, a width of18 meters and a height of 67 meters, which is equivalent to the height of 20 floors.

[ 1]

Designer: Jorn Utzon (Denmark)

Sydney Opera House is located in Cape Beniland, the capital of New South Wales, Australia. This comprehensive art center is considered as a typical work of giant sculpture in the history of modern architecture and a symbolic symbol of Australia.

Sydney Opera House

, listed in the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO.

Sydney Opera House is not only the temple of Sydney's art and culture, but also the soul of Sydney. Whether in the early morning, evening or in the starry sky, the Sydney Opera House can always show different charming styles for tourists, whether walking slowly or going out to sea. From a distance, the Sydney Opera House is like a sailing boat about to set sail, sailing to the blue ocean with everyone's musical dreams. From a close distance, it looks like a big booth made of old shell casings, and the shell casings are scrambling to stand at attention to the sun.

The Sydney Opera House looks like a white sail about to sail out to sea, blending in with the surrounding scenery. Sydney Opera House was conceived and built in 1950s. Starting from 1955, design works from all over the world are invited for public consultation. By 1956 * *, 233 works from 32 countries had participated in the competition. Later, I chose the design picture of Danish architect Jon Wu Zhong. 1959 to 1958. It cost/kloc-0.02 million Australian dollars to complete the construction. In order to raise funds, in addition to raising funds, the Australian government also issued a lottery ticket of 1959 for the Sydney Opera House.

Usually used to play symphonies.

Night view of Sydney Opera House

Chamber music, opera, dance, chorus, pop music, jazz and other performances. The most special thing about this concert hall is that it is located in front of the concert hall and faithfully presents Australia's own style.

2 appearance structure editing

The appearance of Sydney Opera House is three groups of huge shells, which stand on the foundation of cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure with a length of 186 meters from north to south and a width of 97 meters from east to west.

Vision of Sydney Opera House

Seats. The first group of shells is on the west side of the lot. Four pairs of shells are arranged in a string, three pairs face north and one pair faces south. There is a big concert hall inside. The second group is on the east side of the plot, roughly parallel to the first group, with the same shape and slightly smaller scale. The third group is the smallest group in their southwest, which consists of two pairs of shells and has a restaurant inside. Other rooms are cleverly arranged in the base. The entrance of the whole building complex is at the southern end, and the steps are 97 meters wide. The vehicle entrance and parking lot are located under the big steps. Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney Harbour, surrounded by water on three sides and with an open environment. It is famous for its unique architectural design. Its shape is like three triangles looking up at the river, and its roof is as white as a shell, so it has the reputation of "a quiet nun looking up".

The Opera House is divided into three parts: Opera House, Concert Hall and Benilan Restaurant. The Opera House, Concert Hall and Lounge stand side by side on a huge granite pedestal, and each pedestal consists of four towering big shell roofs. These shells are arranged in turn. The first three cover one, facing the bay, and the last one stands with its back to the bay. It looks like two groups of clams with their lids upside down. The spires of different heights are covered with white glazed porcelain. Under the sunlight, from a distance, they look like erect shells and two huge white sailboats flying in the blue sea, so they are called "Sailboat Roof Theater". The shell-shaped pointed roof consists of 265,438+094 arc-shaped concrete precast blocks each weighing 65,438+05.3 tons, which are tensioned by steel cables and cover 6,543,800 white or cream tiles.

Vision of Sydney Opera House

According to the designer in his later years, his creativity actually came from oranges. It was the orange that had been peeled for half a layer that inspired him. This creative source is also carved into a small model and placed in front of the Sydney Opera House for visitors to appreciate the great ideas triggered by this ordinary thing.

3 interior decoration editor

The Opera Hall is smaller than the Concert Hall, with 1547 seats. It is mainly used for opera, ballet and dance performances. The interior furnishings are novel, gorgeous and elegant to avoid performances.

When the wall is reflective, all the walls are inlaid with dark plywood: the floor and ceiling are made of local boxwood and birch; The spring chair is covered with a smooth red leather case. With such a device, the performance can have a mellow sound effect. The stage covers an area of 440 square meters and has a turntable and a lifting platform. The stage is equipped with two gorgeous French wool curtains. A pattern is composed of three colors: red, yellow and pink, which is called "sun curtain" just as the sun shines on the earth. The other is composed of dark blue, green and brown, and hangs on the cloud like a crescent moon, which is called "Moon Curtain". There are 200 circuits of stage lighting, which are controlled by computer. It is also equipped with closed-circuit television, so that the stage supervisor can see the situation on and off stage at a glance.

4 Construction History Editor

The Concert Hall is the largest hall of the Sydney Opera House, which can accommodate 2,679 people. Usually used to hold symphony, chamber music, opera, dance, chorus, pop music, jazz and other performances. The most special part of this concert hall is the grand organ, which is located in front of the concert hall and designed and built by Australian artist Ronald Sharp. It claims to be the largest mechanical tracker operating organ in the world, consisting of 65,438+00,500 air ducts. In addition, the building materials of the entire concert hall are all made of Australian wood, faithfully presenting Australia's own style.

Interior map of Sydney Opera House

Two small sloping roofs stand beside the opening of the shell, forming a large public restaurant called Benilan Restaurant, which can accommodate more than 6,000 people every night. Other various activity places are located on the base. The theater has more than 900 large and small halls such as drama hall, movie hall, exhibition hall and reception hall, 5 arranger halls, 65 dressing rooms, library, exhibition hall, actor canteen, coffee shop and bar.

The plan to build the Sydney Opera House began in A.D. 1940, when eugene goossens, president of the Sydney Conservatory of Music, lobbied for the construction of a venue where large-scale drama works could be performed. At that time, Sydney City Hall, the venue for theatrical performances, was too small for theatrical performances. 1954, goossens successfully won the support of Joseph Cahill, Prime Minister of New South Wales, who asked to design a theater dedicated to opera. It was also goossens who insisted on building the Opera House in Cape Benellon. Although Cahill wants to build it in the northwest of CBD, closer to Wynyard Railway Station in Sydney.

Cahill launched the Opera House Design Competition on September 3rd, 1955, and * * * received 233 entries from 32 countries. It is stipulated that there must be a hall for 3,000 people and a small hall for 1200 people. The design purposes of these two halls should be different, including opera, symphony and chorus concerts, large-scale conferences, lectures, ballet performances and other speeches.

designer

1956, 37-year-old Danish young architect joslash utzon saw the Australian government recruiting Sydney from overseas.

Djolash Utzon, the designer of Sydney Opera House.

An advertisement designed by the Opera House. Although he knew nothing about Sydney, he was inspired by generate, who lived in a seaside fishing village since childhood. According to his later explanation, his design concept is neither a sail nor a shell, but a cut orange petal, but he is also very satisfied with the first two metaphors. However, when he sent his own design, he didn't expect that another "Andersen's fairy tale" would be staged in the exotic southern hemisphere.

1957 65438+1On October 29th, reporters gathered in the hall of N S W Art Museum in Sydney. The jury solemnly announced that Jon Wu Zhong's scheme beat all 23 1 competitors and won the first prize. Once the design scheme was published, people were impressed by its original conception and unconventional design. However, who knows that Jon Woo Chong's plan was eliminated early at the beginning and was shot by most judges. Later, one of the experts of the jury, Finnish-American architect Elo Sha Lining, came to Sydney and asked to see all the floor plans, so it was dug out of the waste paper pile again. Elo Sha Lining was ecstatic when he saw the plan. He pushed his way through the crowd to lobby the judges actively and effectively, and finally established its dominant position.

1In the winter of 957, Danish designer joslash utzon was declared to have won the competition. The bonus is 5000. Uzun visited Sydney on 1957 to help supervise the project. 1963 In February, he moved his studio to Sydney.

build

Vision of Sydney Opera House

Macquarie Fort Tram Factory, which was originally located in Bennelong Point, was demolished on 1958, and preparations for the Opera House began in March 1959. The construction plan of the Opera House is divided into three stages. The first stage (1959–1963) includes the construction of low walls. In the second stage (1963–1967), the external "shell" structure is built. Interior design and decoration of Phase III (1967–1973).

Sydney Opera House, Australia

The first stage:

1958 to 65438+February 5, construction company civil &; Engineers from Civic and Arup Engineering Consulting Company are responsible for supervision and guidance. Out of concern for funds and public opinion, the government strives to carry out the project as soon as possible. However, the final design of Jon Woo Chung has not yet been completed. 196 1 year 65438+1October 23rd, the project has been delayed for 47 days, mainly due to some unexpected difficulties (including weather, unexpected rainwater diversion, the project started before the correct structure diagram was prepared, and the contract documents were changed). The low wall project was finally completed on August 3 1, 1, 962. The act of forcing the project to proceed as soon as possible eventually led to some obvious problems and the fact that the strength of the low wall could not support its roof structure, so it had to be rebuilt. [2]

The second stage:

In the original opera house design competition, these shells were not defined geometrically, but at the beginning of design, these "shells" were defined as parabolas supported by a series of concrete members. However, the engineers of Arup Engineering Consulting Company could not find a way to build these "shells". The scheme of cast-in-place concrete construction was rejected because of the high cost, because the roof structure is different and different molds are needed, which eventually leads to high cost.

From 1957 to 1963, the design team tried 12 different methods to build the "shell" (including parabolic structure, circular rib and ellipsoid) before finally finding an economically acceptable scheme. The design of "shell" is one of the earliest tasks to complete structural analysis by computer. In the middle of 196 1, the design team found a solution: all "shells" were created by spheres. In this method, circular arches with different lengths can be cast by the same mold, and then several circular arch segments with similar lengths can be put together to form a spherical section. Who is the inventor of this solution has become the subject of some debates.

The "shell" was built by Honeybrook Group Co., Ltd., which is responsible for the construction of the third phase. Hornibrook made 2400 precast ribs and 4000 roof panels in the factory, which accelerated the construction progress. The achievement of this solution lies in the use of precast concrete, which avoids the construction of expensive molds (it also allows the roof panels to be assembled in large pieces on the ground in advance instead of splicing one by one at high places). To the surprise of Ovarup and the partners' field engineers, these "shells" used innovative adjustable bending steel truss beams to support different roofs before completion. April 6th 1962, Sydney Opera House is expected to be completed between August 1964 and March 1965.

The third stage: interior design and decoration

Night view of Sydney Opera House

Since Utzon moved his studio to Sydney in February 1963. However, the government changed in 1965, and the new Robert Askin government announced that the construction plan of Sydney Opera House would be under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Works. This eventually led to the resignation of Jon Wuzhong of 1966.

So far, even as high as 1966, the cost of the Sydney Opera House construction plan is only 22.9 million yuan, less than a quarter of the final budget of1020,000. However, in the third stage, there will be a great expenditure on design. When Jon Woo Chung resigned, the second phase of the project was nearing completion. Peter Hall took his place after his resignation, and Peter Hall took the biggest responsibility for interior design and decoration. In the same year, others were appointed to replace Jon Woo Joong.

After Utzon resigned, Lothar Cremer, an acoustic consultant, confirmed to SOHEC that Utzon's original design only allowed 2,000 seats in the lobby, and further pointed out that if the number of seats increased to 3,000, it would have disastrous consequences for the sound. Peter Jones mentioned in the book that the stage designer Martin Carr once commented on "the shape, height and width of the stage, the material facilities provided for artists, the location of the dressing room, the width of doors and elevators, and the location of lighting facilities".

expense

Sydney Opera House was officially completed in 1973, with a total cost of1020,000. The total cost provided by H.R. 'Sam'Hoare, who is in charge of the construction plan, is 1973:

The first stage: low wall: civil &; Civic Private Limited is about 55 million.

The second stage: the roof M.R. Hornibrook (NSW) Pty Ltd is about 654.38+250,000.

The third stage: interior design and decoration Hornbrook Group 556.5 million yuan.

Other contracts: stage facilities, stage lighting and organ 9 million.

Other expenses are 654.38+6.5 million.

1957 The initial plan cost is 7 million yuan. The original estimated completion date was196365438+1October 26th (Australia Day).

5 anecdote editor

The twists and turns of design and construction

Sydney Opera House was conceived and built in 1950s. From 1955, the design works from all over the world were publicly collected. As of 1956 * *, there are 233 entries from 32 countries. Later, I chose the design picture of Danish architect Jon Wu Chong. Jon Wu Chong's design was inspired by cutting oranges, and the project won 65438+.

During the construction process, the architect left Australia on 1966 because of the disagreement between the reorganized new Australian government and Jon Wu. Since then, he has never set foot on Australian soil, and even his classic works can't be witnessed. Later, the work was completed by a group of Australian architects, including Peter Hall, Lionel Todd and David Littlemore. Sydney Opera House was finally officially opened on1October 20th, 1973.

A grand opening ceremony

Sydney Opera House was finally officially opened on October 20th 1973/KLOC-0. The Queen of England was invited to attend the opening ceremony. The Sydney Opera House held a grand inauguration ceremony under the personal auspices of Queen Elizabeth II. Subsequently, the Australian conductor Downes made the premiere of prokofiev's War and Peace with a swing.

Sydney ended the history of not having its own opera house. This theater is mainly used by two Australian touring troupes, and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation often holds various concerts here. From 1976, Boningji took over the command. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation often uses it to hold various concerts. It is an important cultural and artistic center in Sydney.

First performance

Another legend of Sydney Opera House is his first performance. Of course, the official premiere was also packed with guests. Queen Elizabeth II was invited to the opening ceremony (1973 10), but some people think that the first performance of Sydney Opera House was paul robeson's performance in 1960. The black singer climbed up the scaffolding that was still under construction and sang loudly. Coincidentally, his birthday is the same as that of Danish architect Jorn Utzon.

Everything is so coincidental. But there are more behind-the-scenes stories about the Sydney Opera House. Because the ups and downs in the construction process are too soapy, there are insurmountable technical difficulties, architects who have left in a hurry, the ultra-high project cost that almost bankrupt the government, and an extra actor who came to arrange flowers during the rehearsal of the first performance-

(6 sheets)

Bosum, later written as an opera, is called: The Eighth Wonder.

6 historical data editing

Sydney Opera House is not as long as some famous opera houses in Europe. Before there was an opera house in Sydney, a group of people with lofty ideals had been running around actively lobbying for the establishment of a fixed opera performance group and opera house. After their unremitting efforts, they finally got the funding and support from the municipal government. However, it took 14 years to break ground and complete the opera house. At that time, in order to build the Sydney Opera House, the Australian government publicly solicited design drawings from all over the world. As a result, Jon Wu Zhong, a Danish architect, won the first prize among many contributors for his unconventional and unique design scheme. 1959, the cornerstone of the theater was smashed, but when the exterior structure of the ivory shell of the theater was completed, the builder found that the original design scheme was unrealistic. This discovery will undoubtedly overturn the original plan. Unfortunately, at this time, the construction budget of the theater has been exhausted, and there is nothing to do, so the project has to be temporarily suspended. At the appeal of Sydney Opera House, the Australian government invited British architectural experts to partially modify the original design. In order to raise funds, the Australian government also issued lottery tickets. After some hard work, I finally got enough money and the project continued to start. After the theater was built, another interesting thing happened. Australian authorities think that the concert hall with 1500 seats should be open all year round, while the opera house with 2,700 seats is a seasonal performance hall with low utilization rate. In order to consider from an economic point of view; As a result, the original concert hall was changed into an opera house, and the original opera house was equipped with a large organ with 10 thousand sound tubes, which became a concert hall. This change has caused the regret that the stage of 20 12 Song and Dance Theater is too small. Of course, the concert hall is magnificent and eye-catching

7 social evaluation editor

Sydney Opera House is not only the temple of Sydney's art and culture, but also the soul of Sydney. It is recognized as one of the ten wonders of the world in the 20th century and the most recognizable building in Sydney. Every day, tourists from all over the world come to visit and take pictures.

Sydney Opera House

Sydney Opera House is a successful music and drama performance building with perfect equipment and excellent use effect. Those huge white shells near the water surface, like sails on the sea and clusters of blooming flowers, are graceful and radiant against the blue sky, blue sea and green trees. This building has been regarded as a classic building in the world and has gone down in history.

In April 2003, Mr Jon Woo Chung, the chief designer of Sydney Opera House, won the Pulitzer Prize for Architecture in 2003. The Pulitzer Prize is the final recognition of Zhong Yusen and his representative works.

20081October 29th, 165438+ Jon Wuzhong died in Denmark at the age of 90. Unfortunately, however, the master designer of Sydney Opera House never saw his masterpiece with his own eyes until his death.

Construction and Design Status of High-end Cinema in China

Although there are still many gaps in the design of high-end cinemas, many domestic enterprises and units involved in acoustic design have gradually matured in recent years. Among these enterprises, Shenzhen Zhongfutai Culture Group is a leader in the domestic industry. The company team participated in the interior decoration design and construction of Gansu Grand Theatre, and it is the decoration company that won the most Luban Award in domestic theater construction. Besides the Shanghai Grand Theatre, Zhongfutai Culture Group has also participated in the design and construction of five domestic grand theatres, which has the best evaluation in the industry.

8 Travel Tips Editor

The Opera House is large in scale, beautifully furnished and frequently performed. Except for Christmas and Good Friday, it is open for 16 hours every day, with an average of 10 different activities, which can accommodate more than 7,000 people at the same time. The Opera House has become the busiest place in Australia, with an endless stream of tourists and audiences from morning till night. In the evening, people who come here not only watch performances, but also come to Benilan's restaurant to eat and watch the night scene.

If you want to enjoy the performers of the Sydney Opera House, you'd better ask the Sydney Opera House for the program and make a reservation in advance.

1 hour theatre visit

Admission: 26 Australian dollars/172. 1876 RMB/person for adults, and 8 Australian dollars/19.2068 RMB/person for discount card holders. (Australian senior citizen card and welfare card holders, students and people under 16 or 16 enjoy the discount card price)

Duration: 1 hour

Step 2 visit backstage

Admission: 140 Australian dollars /927. 164 RMB per person.

Duration: 2 hours

Matters needing attention

1. Tickets can be purchased at the tourist ticket office on the ground floor of the Sydney Opera House store.

2. 1 hour theater tour does not require advance booking.

3. Performance packages and backstage tours must be booked in advance.

4. It is recommended to wear flat shoes for backstage visits.

5. Backstage visit is limited by internal visit conditions.

6. There will be a Mandarin guide service at 1 1:00 and 14:30 every day (except Saturday 14:30).

Nine editors of the National Theatre

Australia: Sydney Opera House, victorian arts centre.

Austria: Salzburg Music Festival Hall, vienna state opera, Vienna Folk Opera House, Vienna Sch? nbrunn Theatre, Graz Opera House, Vienna Theatre.