What are the characteristics of accounts receivable of small and medium-sized enterprises in public relations industry? How to control and manage accounts receivable?

On the management and control of enterprise accounts receivable

Accounts receivable play an important role in current assets. The existence of an appropriate proportion of accounts receivable is a normal need for enterprises to carry out production and business activities. In the fierce market competition, risks and opportunities coexist. Enterprises should not only use credit sales to expand sales and increase profits, but also strengthen the risk prevention and control of accounts receivable, reduce unnecessary risks of accounts receivable and speed up capital turnover.

First, the manifestations of enterprise accounts receivable risk

(A) cash flow is ineffective

In today's market competition, it is impossible to sell on credit. Therefore, in order to increase sales, reduce inventory backlog, expand market share and win more customers, some enterprises adopt credit sales, and its proportion is getting higher and higher. If the customer can't repay the loan within the stipulated credit period, the working capital of the enterprise will be occupied in large quantities, which will cause the working capital to be tight. In the long run, it will definitely affect the liquidity of enterprises, leading to a shortage of monetary funds and poor capital turnover.

(b) Profit inflation

If there are a large number of accounts receivable, the possibility of bad debts will increase. At this time, although the enterprise can make provision for bad debts of accounts receivable according to the actual situation. However, the bad debt losses incurred by enterprises will far exceed the bad debt reserves drawn. Therefore, the operating results of enterprises are inflated, but the income quality is not high and the cash flow is insufficient, which causes the risk that enterprises cannot operate normally.

(C) increase the cost of enterprise collection

In the market economy, in order to expand the sales of products, enterprises take a lot of credit sales to promote sales, so there are a lot of accounts receivable. This forces enterprises to invest a lot of manpower and material resources to collect accounts. At the beginning, when some collection expenses occurred, the accounts receivable did not decrease partially; With the continuous increase in the charge for reminders, accounts receivable will drop sharply; Once the increase of reminder fees exceeds a certain limit, the additional reminder fees will weaken the trend of further decrease of accounts receivable. At this time, if the enterprise increases the cost of accounts receivable, it may have no effect on further reducing the losses of accounts receivable and bad debts.

Second, the causes of enterprise accounts receivable risk analysis

The reasons leading to the risk of enterprise accounts receivable are as follows:

(A) blind credit sales, lack of risk awareness

With the intensification of market competition, in order to expand market share and sales volume, enterprises have not conducted in-depth investigation or investigation on the financial status, solvency and reputation of the payer. And sell products on credit to compete for the market. At this time, although the profit of the enterprise may be greatly improved, it is only an account, and the profit has increased, but there is a risk that the working capital cannot be recovered in time.

(B) poor product quality, inventory backlog.

In order to expand sales, most enterprises will sell on credit. However, the quality of the products sold by enterprises is not guaranteed, the sales price is relatively low, and the corresponding after-sales service can't keep up. When customers use this product, they find that it is not as good and cheap as advertised by enterprises. This will cause customers to delay payment or refuse to pay. Poor product quality and relatively difficult sales will lead to product backlog and inventory increase.

(C) The internal control system is not perfect and the responsibilities are not clear.

First of all, the enterprise does not have a strict examination and approval system, the management department of the enterprise has a weak awareness of examination and approval, and there is no strict examination and approval of the customer's integrity. Secondly, the responsibility of accounts receivable collection within the enterprise is not clear, and there is no clear department responsible for the management of accounts receivable.

(D) customers lack integrity

Some customers deliberately use vague methods in product introduction, such as quantity, quality, acceptance method, delivery time, place, payment amount, payment method and payment term, in order to refuse payment or delay payment. At this time, if the enterprise does not investigate and analyze the customer's integrity and the relevant person in charge does not recognize it, it will sell it on credit, which will aggravate the risk that the accounts receivable will be difficult to recover.

Three, enterprise accounts receivable risk prevention measures

In view of the above-mentioned forms of enterprise accounts receivable risk and the analysis of the causes of enterprise accounts receivable risk, in order to prevent enterprises from generating abnormal accounts receivable and reduce the risk of enterprise accounts receivable, the author puts forward the preventive measures for enterprise accounts receivable risk.

(A) to establish a sound customer credit evaluation system

As a kind of commercial credit, accounts receivable have great risks. Therefore, enterprises must strictly investigate and analyze the credit status of customers before providing credit to customers. For old customers, it is necessary to establish and improve the credit file system, so that customers' credit information is complete rather than random; The investigation of new customers' credit management can be learned from customers' past payment records, financial statements, intermediary companies or customers' other existing units. Analyze this information to determine the reliability of new customers' credit, and then determine whether credit should be provided to new customers and the maximum amount of credit. In the case of changes in market conditions and customer credit status, enterprises should make necessary adjustments to keep them within the tolerable risk range.

(b) Improve product quality and reduce inventory backlog.

With the fierce market competition, in order to survive and develop better, enterprises should produce marketable products and constantly improve their product quality. If the enterprise produces high-tech products that are in line with the sales trend, very popular and in short supply, the enterprise rarely uses credit sales. As a result, accounts receivable will drop sharply. At this time, enterprises will not blindly sell on credit in order to reduce the above expenses, thus reducing the risk of enterprise accounts receivable.

(C) improve the internal control system, clear management responsibilities

Accounts receivable are the assets of enterprises, and self-association is related to the interests of enterprises. In order to reduce the risks caused by accounts receivable, and prevent the arbitrariness of management of various departments and the random credit sales of marketers, enterprises should establish a strict examination and approval system, clarify the responsibilities of various departments, perform their duties, and improve the incentive mechanism for marketers. In order to enhance the sense of responsibility and risk awareness of salespeople, a one-stop system of sales collection should be established to prevent the risk that a large number of accounts receivable cannot be collected because salespeople pursue the completion of sales tasks for films.

(D) Transfer risks

In order to reduce the risk of accounts receivable and reduce the loss of bad debts, enterprises should not only implement the risk control measures of accounts receivable, but also adopt more active collection policies to transfer the risk of accounts receivable as much as possible and prevent the occurrence of bad debts. When an enterprise cannot recover the accounts receivable in time during the credit period, it can negotiate with customers and convert them into notes receivable. Knowing more about the credit status and solvency of old customers, enterprises can convert accounts receivable into commercial acceptance bills; For new customers, because enterprises know little about them, they should be converted into bank acceptance bills if possible. This can reduce the risk of accounts receivable to a certain extent and indirectly realize the risk transfer of accounts receivable.

Four. conclusion

To sum up, the risk of accounts receivable is everywhere, which is related to the capital turnover of enterprises and affects the survival of enterprises. Only by scientifically preventing and controlling accounts receivable, enterprises can not only expand sales in the market competition, but also recover accounts receivable in time, thus minimizing the risks of accounts receivable and making enterprises invincible.