What is the influence of psychology?

Question 1: What is the psychological impact? This is a big problem. Psychology itself is a discipline with many branches, and there are different psychological phenomena in general psychology, social psychology, physiological psychology, personality psychology and other disciplines. Here are some of the most common "cognitive bias effects" in social psychology:

Halo effect: after forming a good or bad impression on some characteristics of a person, he tends to infer other characteristics of this person;

First impression: refers to the influence of the first impression formed by both parties on the future communication relationship;

Recency effect: It refers to the phenomenon that the communication object has a better impression of the recent part than the previous part;

Social stereotype (empirical stereotype): a set of fixed views on all kinds of people as the basis for judging and evaluating their personality;

Tagging effect: when a person is tagged with a name, he will manage his self-image to keep his behavior consistent with the tagged content.

Question 2: How many psychological effects are there? Psychology is better at classifying people's psychological summary, which is called psychological effect. Here are 35 psychological effects that we often hear.

1. wallach effect

Otto? Wallach is the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and his success is legendary. When wallach was in middle school, his parents chose a literary path for him. Unexpectedly, after a semester, the teacher wrote him this comment: "wallach is very diligent. But it is too rigid to create literary materials. " After that, his parents asked him to paint oil paintings instead, but wallach was neither good at composition nor polishing, ranking first in his class. Faced with such a clumsy student, most teachers think that he has no hope of success. Only the chemistry teacher thinks that he is meticulous in doing things and has the quality to do chemical experiments well, and advises him to learn chemistry. In this case, the spark of wallach's wisdom was suddenly ignited and finally succeeded. Wallach's success illustrates the truth that students' intellectual development is unbalanced, and they all have their own strengths and weaknesses. Once they find the best place to play their wisdom, they can achieve amazing results. Later generations called this phenomenon "wallach effect".

2. Threshold effect

The so-called threshold effect means that a person will gradually accept higher-level requirements after accepting lower-level requirements and being correctly guided. This effect was put forward by American social psychologists Friedman and Freese in 1966 "Field experiment without pressure submission: door-to-door technology".

3.*** Effect

There is a phenomenon in nature: when a plant grows alone, it looks short and monotonous, but when it grows with many similar plants, it is deeply rooted and full of vitality. People call this phenomenon of mutual influence and promotion in the plant kingdom "* * * effect". In fact, there is also a "biological effect" in our human group. From 190 1 to 1982, there were 25 Nobel Prize winners in the British "Kadiwen Laboratory", which is a prominent example of the "* * * effect".

4. Stereotype effect

Social psychology believes that the influence of looking at people with old eyes is called "stereotype effect", which is a fixed and general view of people, thus producing a stereotype. This phenomenon can often be seen in schools. Teachers often show affection for those students who are talented and have excellent academic performance, and they are valued and favored. However, students with poor academic performance are often discriminated against, teachers show impatience and boredom, and depressed words are often on their lips. Practice has proved that students who often receive this kind of "treatment" will suddenly feel cold water poured on them, lose confidence in learning, lose courage to overcome difficulties, and even have decadent emotions.

5. First cause effect

The first cause effect, sometimes called the function of first impression, refers to the influence of the first impression left by the perceived object on social perception. Specifically, it is the first contact with people or things, which psychologically produces a stereotype with emotional factors for someone or something, thus affecting the evaluation of that person or thing in the future. Therefore, we can see that this influence is not conducive to the analysis of collecting correct information in decision-making. The first impression is that good or bad is one-sided, which is not conducive to comprehensive understanding and analysis.

The effect of first impression is called the first cause effect. Judging a person by his first impression is often biased. If we only rely on the first impression in the recruitment examination and employee performance appraisal, we will be blinded by some superficial phenomena.

There are two main aspects in the recruitment process: one is to judge people by their appearances. Handsome and personable candidates can easily win the favor of examiners, followed by judging people by their words. People who are eloquent and quick to answer often leave a good impression. Therefore, when selecting talents, we should not only listen to their words and look at their appearance, but also observe their actions and test their achievements.

6. recency effect

Recency effect refers to someone or something whose recent performance has an advantage in his mind, thus changing his consistent view of the person or thing. Recency effect and the first cause effect are two corresponding effects. The first cause effect usually has an impact in unfamiliar situations, while recency effect usually has an impact in familiar situations. Both of them are subjective assumptions about people or things, which makes the decision-making information distorted.

7. Halo effect (Halo effect)

Halo effect means that someone or something leaves a deep impression on people because of its outstanding characteristics, while ignoring other psychological and behavioral qualities. Sometimes it produces a "halo of positive affirmation" and sometimes it produces "... >>"

Question 3: What are the amazing psychological effects 1 and Murphy's Law? Murphy's Law is a psychological effect, which was created by Edward? Proposed by Edward a Murphy. Main contents: First, nothing is as simple as it seems; Second, everything will take longer than you expected; Third, things that can go wrong will always go wrong; If you are worried about something happening, it is more likely to happen. The original words of Murphy's law are as follows: If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of them will lead to disaster, then someone will definitely make this choice. The main content of Murphy's law is: if things are likely to go bad, no matter how small the possibility is, it will always happen. Look at the trivia of work and life with an optimistic attitude. Pessimism can only make things worse. Why are you unhappy? 2. Matthew effect The stronger the strong, the weaker the weak. Matthew effect is a common term used by sociologists and economists, which reflects the social phenomenon of two levels of differentiation. The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The name comes from the Bible, the New Testament? A fable in Matthew: "If you have something, you must double it and make it redundant." No, even what he has will be taken away. Laozi, an ancient philosopher in China, once put forward a similar thought: "Heaven can make up for the deficiency. People have different ways, and the damage is not enough. "3. The broken window effect theory holds that if the bad phenomena in the environment are left unchecked, people will be induced to follow the trend or even become worse. If the window of a house is broken, no one will repair it. Soon, other windows will be smashed into a wall for no reason. If some graffiti is not cleaned up, the wall will soon be covered with messy and unsightly things. In a very clean place, people are embarrassed to throw rubbish, but once there is rubbish on the ground, people will throw it away without hesitation and feel no shame. Circumstances can sometimes make people lose their judgment. In a chaotic environment, only by adhering to morality and principles can a person's accomplishment be reflected. 4. The law of wooden barrel How much water can be held in a wooden barrel depends on the shortest board. If a wooden bucket is to be filled with water, each board must be equally flush and intact. If a board in the bucket is uneven, or there is a hole under a board, the bucket can't be filled with water. How much water a bucket can hold depends not on the longest board, but on the shortest board. It can also be called short board effect. A person who can fully understand his own advantages and disadvantages can break through the limitations of his shortcomings and give full play to his due strengths. 5. Herd effect Herd is a very chaotic organization. Usually together, we also run blindly from side to side, but once one sheep moves, the other sheep will plunge into it without thinking, regardless of the possibility of wolves in front or better grass not far away. Therefore, the "herd effect" means that everyone has herd mentality, which easily leads to blind obedience, and blind obedience often leads to fraud or failure. People will follow what the public agrees with, deny their own views by default, and will not subjectively think about the meaning of events. Blind obedience is never a good thing. 6. The rule that a watch has more than two watches does not help people to judge the time more accurately, but it will cause confusion and make people who watch watches lose their judgment of time. This is the famous law of watches. Another meaning of the watch theorem is that everyone can't choose two different codes of conduct or values at the same time, otherwise that person's behavior will be in chaos, and the same set of rules should be used to treat others and themselves. 7. 28 Law, also known as 80/20 Law and Pareto Law (Law), also known as Balet Law, Least Effort Law and Unbalance Principle. , widely used in sociology and enterprise management. This 80/20 law has been extended again and again. Economists say that 20% of people hold 80% of wealth. There are two kinds of people, the first one accounts for 80% and has 20% wealth; The second only accounts for 20%, but holds 80% of the wealth. Psychology: 20% of people have 80% of human wisdom and stand out from the crowd at birth. The "28 law" in daily life: The following is the embodiment of the 28 law in life. 20% of people are successful ......................................................................................................................................... & gt

Question 4: What are the ten psychological effects? Butterfly effect means that in a dynamic system, small changes in initial conditions can drive a long-term huge chain reaction of the whole system. This is a chaotic phenomenon. A butterfly flapping its wings gently in the tropics may cause a hurricane in a distant country.

American meteorologist Edward? Edward lorenz analyzed this effect in the paper 1963 submitted to the New York Academy of Sciences. "A meteorologist mentioned that if this theory is proved to be correct, a seagull flapping its wings is enough to change the weather forever." In his later speeches and papers, he used more poetic butterflies. The most common explanation for this effect is: "A butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil can trigger a tornado in Texas a month later."

The source of this sentence is that meteorologists have made a computer program that can simulate climate change and display it with images. Finally, he found that the image was chaotic, much like the spread wings of a butterfly. So he explained this figure vividly in the way of "butterflies flapping their wings", so there was the above statement.

Butterfly effect is usually used in weather, stock market and other complex systems that are difficult to predict in a certain period of time. This effect shows that the result of the development of things is extremely sensitive to the initial conditions, and the smallest deviation of the initial conditions will cause great differences in the results.

Butterfly effect is used in sociology to explain a bad micro-mechanism, which will bring great harm to society if it is not guided and adjusted in time, and is dubbed as "tornado" or "storm"; A good micro-mechanism, as long as it is guided correctly, will have a sensational effect after a period of efforts, or it will be called a "revolution."

The butterfly effect often appears in chaos. Also known as nonlinear. The barrel effect "barrel effect" refers to the amount of water contained in a barrel with an uneven bottle mouth, not the longest board on the barrel, but the shortest board on the barrel. Children's comprehensive academic performance is like a vat, and each academic performance is an indispensable plank that constitutes this vat. The stable formation of children's good academic performance cannot rely on the outstanding achievements of a certain subject, but should rely on its overall situation, especially some weak links. Therefore, when children are found to have shortcomings in certain subjects, they should be reminded to spend more time on this subject in time to "learn from each other's strengths". Put a wooden stick horizontally in front of a group of sheep, and the first sheep will jump over, and the second and third sheep will jump over; At this time, when the stick was removed, the sheep behind, when they came here, still jumped up like the sheep in front, even though the stick in the way was gone. This is the so-called "herd effect", also known as "herd mentality". It refers to a common phenomenon of market behavior of some enterprises in management science. It means that due to insufficient information and lack of understanding, it is difficult for investors to make reasonable expectations for the future uncertainty of the market, and they often extract information by observing the behavior of people around them. In this constant information transmission, many people's information will be roughly the same, mutually reinforcing, resulting in herd behavior. Herd effect is a nonlinear mechanism that individual rational behavior leads to collective irrational behavior.

Herd behavior is a typical phenomenon in the field of behavioral finance, which cannot be explained by mainstream financial theory. Herd effect is often used in economics to describe the herd mentality of economic individuals. Sheep are a very messy organization, they usually run blindly together, but once one sheep moves, other sheep will plunge into it without thinking, regardless of the possibility of wolves ahead or better grass not far away. Therefore, the "herd effect" means that everyone has herd mentality, which easily leads to blind obedience, and blind obedience often leads to fraud or failure.

Herd effect generally appears in highly competitive industries. If a leader occupies the main attention of this industry, the whole flock will constantly imitate the leader's every move. Wherever this leader goes, other sheep will also go for gold. English name: catfish effect

Catfish effect refers to the adoption of some means or measures, * * * some enterprises actively enter the market and actively participate in competition, thus activating enterprises in the same industry in the market. Its essence is a negative incentive and the mystery of activating employees.

Catfish, a kind of raw ... >>

Question 5: What are the top ten psychological effects? Psychological effect is a common psychological phenomenon and law in social life; It is a causal reaction or chain reaction that the behavior or function of one person or something causes other people or things to change accordingly. Like anything else, it has positive and negative meanings. Therefore, correctly recognizing, understanding, mastering and utilizing psychological effects is of great significance in people's daily life and work.

The following are ten psychological influences:

1. Butterfly effect

Lorenz, a meteorologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, believes that he has discovered a new phenomenon: "extreme instability to the initial value". Also known as the "butterfly effect", Asian butterflies flap their wings, and in a few months, a tornado will be worse than the strong wind in the United States! The butterfly effect is about the influence of "one thing" on the results, just like the results calculated by changing only a little data will differ by a hundred thousand miles.

2. The barrel effect

How much water a barrel can hold depends on the shortest board. This is the famous barrel effect.

3. Herd effect

A flock of sheep is a messy organization. Usually, everyone runs blindly together. If a sheep finds a fertile green grassland and eats fresh grass there, later sheep will plunge into the grass there, completely ignoring the wolves eyeing nearby, or not seeing other better grass.

4. Catfish effect

Norwegians like sardines. After catching sardines at sea, if they can reach Hong Kong alive, the selling price will be several times higher than that of dead fish. However, because sardines are lazy by nature, do not like sports and have a long way to return, sardines caught often die as soon as they return to the dock. Only a fisherman's sardines are always alive because there is a catfish in his fish tank. It turns out that catfish will swim around because of unfamiliar environment after being put into the fish tank. When sardines find this alien molecule, they will become nervous and swim faster. In this way, the sardines will return to the port alive. This is the so-called "catfish effect"

5. Halo effect

People's cognition and judgment of people often only start from the part and spread it to get the overall impression, that is, they often generalize from the part. If a person is marked as good, he will be shrouded in positive light and be endowed with all good qualities; If a person is marked as bad, he is shrouded in a negative aura and is considered to have all kinds of bad qualities.

6. First impression effect

Let two students do half of the 30 questions correctly, but let student A try to do the first 15 questions, and let student B try to do the last 15 questions, and then let some subjects evaluate the two students: Who is smarter than the other one? The results show that most of the subjects think that student A is smarter. This is the first impression effect. The first impression effect is the impression people leave in the first communication, which forms and occupies a dominant position in the other person's mind.

7. recency effect

When there are many kinds of * * * at a time, the formation of impression mainly depends on the later * * *, that is, in the process of communication, our latest understanding of others occupies a major position, covering up the previous evaluation of others, so it is also called "novelty effect". Friends I haven't seen for years, what impressed me most in my mind is actually the scene when I left; A friend always makes you angry, but there are only two or three reasons to be angry, which is also the performance of recency effect. These two phenomena are very common in study and interpersonal communication.

8. pygmalion effect (self-test prediction)

Hint, in essence, is a person's emotions and ideas, which will be influenced by others' subconscious to varying degrees. People will unconsciously accept the influence and hints of people they like, admire, trust and appreciate. This tip is one of the cornerstones to make your dream come true. ...

9. Matthew effect refers to a phenomenon that the better the worse, the more and less. The name comes from the Bible? The fable in Matthew. Robert? Morton summed up the "Matthew effect" as: once any individual, group or region achieves success and progress in a certain aspect (such as money, reputation, status, etc.). ), it will produce an accumulated advantage and have more opportunities to achieve greater success and progress. This word was later borrowed by economists, reflecting the phenomenon of unfair income distribution in economics that the poor are getting poorer and poorer, the rich are getting richer and richer, and the winner takes all.

10. Elbow effect

Generally speaking ... >>

Question 6: What are the amazing psychological effects ● The best way to ruin a good song is to set it as an alarm.

● Women make decisions faster than men.

Research on crime prevention shows that when encountering bad people, women resist more than men by 25%.

About two-thirds or four-fifths of alcoholics are men. Only one in ten husbands will live with an alcoholic wife; But nine out of ten wives will continue to live with their alcoholic husbands.

● Single men commit more crimes than married men, while single women commit less crimes than married women.

The woman took out the key to open the door when she got to the door, and the man had already taken it out. When women strike matches, they always strike them out, while men always strike them in. Maybe women are afraid of burning themselves.

It is said that you will appear in other people's dreams when you lose sleep.

● The degree to which a person likes you is generally proportional to the speed at which he replies to your text messages.

● According to the Daily Mail, a study found that people frequently play mobile phones and send emails before going to bed, which will affect the quality of sleep and make their mood worse the next day, making them anxious and depressed.

Summarize all your misfortunes in one sentence, and then ask yourself, "Is it still important to you in three years?" I believe the problem will be solved.

Liking a person is a feeling, but not liking a person is a fact. The facts are easy to explain, but the feeling is unspeakable.

When you look in the mirror for a long time, you will find yourself very strange in the mirror.

●88.8% people's mood can be improved after crying, and only 8.4% people feel worse after crying. 70% people don't hide from others when they cry, 77% people cry at home, 39% people cry at night, and it is the easiest time to cry from 6 pm to 8 pm.

● Two men chase a woman, and the feelings are shallow and give up first; Two women chase a man, and they give up first when they have deep feelings.

● Psychologists at the University of Granada in Spain found in a study on children's education and death concept education that the higher a person's education level, the less he is afraid of death. At the same time, this feature will also affect their descendants.

● The best way to make others like you is not to help them, but to let them help you. Is this Benjamin? Franklin effect.

● A large number of psychological studies have found that the earlier you get married, the higher the quality of marriage. But people prefer to trust their own logic: the longer they wait, the better the result. Research shows that waiting is only meaningful for people under 22. Because you get married before the age of 22, the success rate of marriage will drop sharply. But after 22, there is no need to wait. After the age of 30, the failure rate of marriage is also rising.

● Lack of sleep can easily lead to obesity. When normal sleep time is deprived, the body will produce a lot of anti-stress hormones to slow down metabolism, and at the same time, the appetite will increase the next day.

Jin Zezhi, a senior chemical expert, said that the average IQ of men who are loyal to their partners is 103, while that of men who are unfaithful is 97. The higher the IQ, the more people cherish the specificity of sexual relations. You can say this later: If you are unfaithful, you are retarded!

There is a mobile phone that I just bought in my pocket. I'm afraid of being stolen on the bus. I will check whether my mobile phone is still there every once in a while. But the mobile phone was finally stolen. Because I am afraid, I will care very much. The more you concentrate, the more likely you are to make mistakes. This is the famous Murphy theorem.

Show off your inner self-confidence. Psychology believes that "showing off love to others" is a kind of performance that needs inner attention and affirmation, probably because you can't always get some things. Once you have it, you hope to build your confidence through the envy of the outside world.

● If a man takes the initiative to help you with your bag, put you in the middle of the road and take the initiative to pull a chair for you. Don't be grateful for this, it only means that he has had countless girlfriends teach him this before. And the woman who can make him remember is always the one who changed him, not you.

Psychological research shows that men speak an average of 2,000 words a day, while women speak an average of 7,000 words a day. After a day's work, my husband finished writing 2000 words in the company and just wanted to have a rest when he went home. And my wife still has 5000 words to say, and I have to finish them before I can sleep. Then a lot of tragedies happened.

Psychologically speaking, most people will only lose their temper with people with a safety level, because within that safety level, you subconsciously know that the other person will not leave you. Sometimes fooling around is a dependence.

According to the survey, at the end of the exam, 55% people think that changing the answer will damage their grades, and only 15.5% people think that it will improve. But the actual situation is: 58% got it right, 20% got it wrong, and 22% got it wrong ... >>

Question 7: What are the amazing psychological effects? Hello, I'm glad to answer your questions. I wonder what psychological effects you want to know. Because the individual's cognition is different, the definition of "stunning" will be different, with many psychological functions and many categories.

I recommend you to have a look: 60 psychological effects that change life and 40 studies that change psychology all talk about some classic psychological effects. The following is selected from "60 psychological effects that change your life":

Barnum Effect: Self-knowledge is more important than self-knowledge.

Law of Causality: The appearance of any kind of result is not accidental.

Wallach effect: find your best starting point

Imprint effect: the first item is not necessarily "main"

One-third effect: what seems to be the first is not necessarily the best.

Law of inertia: Fate is often dominated by habit.

Halo effect: love me, love my dog, and be partial to the whole

Terry's Law: Any revision is progress.

Watch theorem: Too many standards will make you feel at a loss.

Mushroom principle: how can you become as beautiful as a butterfly without dormancy in the cocoon?

Rule 28: Find and make full use of the most critical resources.

The shadow of giants: dare to face up to their own shortcomings

Herd effect: It is better to think independently than to follow the trend.

Status effect: rational analysis, not blind obedience.

Law of reflection: the external world reflects your inner truth.

Qi Gannick effect: Some pressures are normal, so don't be too nervous about them.

Luvis's Theorem: Listen to the opinions of people around you with an open mind.

Seligman effect: There is no desperate environment, only desperate mentality.

Law of Expectation: Only when there is a dream can there be hope.

Law of firm belief: Only by firm belief can we realize our ideals.

Babylonian Law: Failure is also an opportunity.

Broken window effect: broken things are more likely to be damaged.

Mustang ending: control your bad mood

Valenda effect: focus on the matter itself, don't be swayed by considerations of gain and loss.

Catfish effect: keep yourself moderately nervous

Schwartz's judgment: happiness is not dependent, it depends entirely on yourself.

Hawthorne effect: vent moderately, and then go into battle lightly

Beggar effect: don't be arrogant then, don't despair then.

Zegoni effect: control yourself and enjoy the fun of a balanced life.

Unworth: What is not worth doing will definitely not be done well.

Kicking the cat effect: don't be the bearer of bad mood.

Psychology of Sweet Lemon: Accept yourself and discover your own advantages.

Reciprocity principle: when you get along with others, you might as well pay a little first.

Projection effect: don't always judge others by your own preferences.

Hedgehog effect: achieving harmonious relationship at a suitable distance

Preference effect: If you want to catch fish, you must first know what fish like to eat.

South wind effect: touching and indifferent.

Sandwich effect: making criticism more delicious

Self-help effect: make yourself a favorite "self-rescuer"

Rosenthal effect: people will become what you imagine.

Marginal effect: giving charcoal in the snow is better than icing on the cake

Blanking effect: Leave a moderate space for others.

Business card effect: show yourself properly

Goodman Theorem: Listening can win the trust of others more than telling.

The first cause effect: the opportunity to seize the first impression

Reciprocal mechanism: if you like him, he likes you.

Law of Attraction: Changing your life starts with changing your own thoughts.

Caterpillar effect: bow your head and look up at the road.

Achievement motivation: install a successful "engine" for yourself

Giegler's Theorem: Set yourself a high goal.

Flywheel effect: Don't be afraid of difficulties at first, and persistence is victory.

Path dependence law: the initial choice determines the final result.

Candy effect: You can get more by overcoming small temptations.

Entrance effect: only by following the trend can we make progress.

The ultimatum effect: set a deadline and you will be more efficient.

Molting effect: growth means constantly surpassing yourself. Karel formula: Things have been terrible, and all that remains is to solve the problem.

Occam's razor law: giving up is a kind of wisdom.

Law of repetition: repetition will strengthen.

The law of specialization: concentrate the good and add the good.

...& gt& gt

Question 8: What are the top ten effects of psychology? I like to share my collection with others. -Spread your limbs.

Question 9: What is the psychological impact? Success or failure effect, wealth effect, sympathy effect, push your luck effect, Desi effect, tidal effect, self-reference effect Kegoni effect, stamp effect, butterfly effect, ratchet effect.