Win the final interpretation right method

The sure-fire technique to defeat the right of final interpretation! : Because our country’s laws do not explicitly stipulate the “right of final interpretation”. As you said, it is the overlord clause among the standard clauses. What is used is that I propose a format clause. If you buy my goods or services, you must accept my format clause. However, the format clause "such and such has the final right of interpretation" is not valid at all. The following is my humble opinion:

The interpretation of a contract is an extremely important and complex issue in contract law. Interpretation of a contract refers to an explanation of the content of the contract based on relevant facts and in accordance with certain principles and methods. It has broad and narrow sense. Contract interpretation in a broad sense refers to the interpretation of the contract by all parties involved in the contract based on different purposes, which is what the author defines as "understanding of the contract." Contract interpretation in a narrower sense refers to the interpretation of contract terms according to common understanding, which is the meaning of "interpretation" stipulated in Article 41 of my country's Contract Law. When this meaning is adopted, there may be more than two interpretations of the same contract term because there may be more than two common understandings of the same contract term. Contract interpretation in the narrowest sense refers to the interpretation of the contract by arbitration institutions and courts in the process of resolving contract disputes, that is, the result of the judicial authority exercising its right to interpret the contract. When this meaning is adopted, the interpretation of the same contract term can only be unique. Limiting contract interpretation to the narrowest scope is a common practice in contract interpretation legislation in various countries, and it is also the tendency of academic circles.

From the perspective of my country's contract law, the "final interpretation right" clause in shopping malls violates the law. Mandatory provisions are invalid clauses

Article 39 of my country's Contract Law stipulates that "standard clauses are clauses that are drawn up in advance by the parties for repeated use and are not negotiated with the other party when entering into the contract." According to the Contract Law In theory, a contract containing standard clauses is called a standard contract. [1] A format contract is also called a standard contract or a fixed-form contract, and French law calls it an accessory contract. As the requirements for transaction efficiency in modern economic life are increasing day by day, contracting and performance behaviors occur in large numbers and are repeated continuously. The monopoly position of enterprises leads to a coercive tendency in contracting behaviors, making the use of standard clauses and standard contracts increasingly common. Typical format contracts exist in monopoly industries such as posts and telecommunications, railways, banks, aviation, urban electricity, urban water, and hospitals. In industries where there is no monopoly, such as the commercial retail industry, in order to simplify transactions and save time, in some cases standard clauses will be used and appended to the negotiated contract, making the negotiated contract also have the nature of a standard contract.

Article 41 of my country’s Contract Law clearly stipulates that if there is a dispute over the understanding of standard terms, they shall be interpreted in accordance with common understanding. If there are more than two interpretations of a standard clause, the interpretation that is unfavorable to the party providing the standard clause shall be made. If the format clauses and non-format clauses are inconsistent, the non-format clauses shall be adopted. If the format clauses provided by the mall unilaterally provide that the mall has the final right to interpret the contract are recognized as valid, it means that if there is a dispute between the two parties about the understanding of the format clauses, the mall's unilateral interpretation should prevail. This is a clear violation of the mandatory provisions of Article 41 of the Contract Law, and therefore the standard clause should be deemed invalid.

With the rapid development of my country's market economy, standard clauses have been widely used in various industries with their own characteristics and values. While promoting social and economic prosperity, they have also brought many negative impacts. Among them, the proliferation of unequal format clauses has affected the interests of most people in society, and our country's legislative, judicial, administrative and social mechanisms have not played an effective regulatory role in this regard. This article first conducts a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and essence of the "final interpretation right" clause, an unequal format clause that widely exists in product promotion advertisements, and then systematically describes its regulatory status and existing flaws, and here Based on this, suggestions are put forward to improve the regulatory system and the regulatory system.

1. Raising the Question

(1) The intention of merchants to attach “final interpretation rights” clauses

Currently, there are a large number of infringements on consumers in the consumer field Unequal format clauses for legitimate rights and interests. Some merchants frequently use such format clauses to evade legal obligations and reduce legal liabilities, causing strong dissatisfaction among consumers. Among them, the one that attracts more and more attention is the "final right of interpretation" clause, which is the most popular phrase in product promotion advertisements? "This store (mall) has the final right of interpretation on the content of promotional activities." [1]

In product promotion advertisements, it is stated in the form of format clauses that the final right of interpretation belongs to them. This approach is not only adopted by many merchants, but also makes the "final right of interpretation" develop into A term commonly used in many industries. Merchants believe that if they do not reserve the "right of final interpretation" when organizing promotional activities, they will fall into a passive situation that they cannot escape from when encountering disputes. Some even claim that the "right of final interpretation" clause is a "self-protection measure" specifically designed to deal with opportunistic consumers who exploit loopholes. [2]

At first glance, this statement seems quite reasonable, but the fact is not that simple. In order to highlight the purpose of promotion, merchants often publicize "discounts", "discounts", "gifts" and other contents in newspapers, television, radio and other media. In order to achieve the effect of stimulating consumers' senses visually and auditorily, their promotional content It can always be understood as having multiple meanings. Consumers often realize that their understanding of the advertisement cannot be consistent with the merchant's explanation of the advertisement after purchasing the product (or receiving the service). At this time, the merchant uses the smallest font and writes the "final right of interpretation" clause in the most inconspicuous place of the product promotion advertisement, and skillfully applies a sentence: "Since the activity's final right of interpretation has been clearly agreed in the contract, "The attribution should be implemented in accordance with the agreed content" to eliminate consumers' understanding and insist on interpretations that are in line with their own interests, thereby preserving their vested interests. This approach by merchants is tantamount to signing an unequal contract with consumers from the beginning, putting themselves in a strong position and having the final say in everything. They take advantage of legal loopholes and fool consumers at the same time.

It can be seen that most merchants reserve the "final right of interpretation" in the form of standard clauses in product promotion contracts, with the intention that the "final right of interpretation" will be given some pre-agreed contractual effect, so as to interact with consumers. When a contract dispute arises between the parties, the legal liability for harming the legitimate rights and interests of consumers shall be reduced or exempted.

(2) Definition of "final right of interpretation"

From a literary perspective, the literal meaning of the word "final right of interpretation" is very simple: "final" refers to the end, the end , there is no room for maneuver. "Explanation" means explaining the meaning, reasons, reasons, etc. "The right of final explanation" is the final power to explain the meaning, reasons, and justifications. But from a legal perspective, "'the right of final interpretation' is a relatively complex concept that covers many fields, including the right of final judicial interpretation, the right of final academic interpretation, the right of final administrative interpretation, the right of final civil interpretation, etc." [3] At present, the relevant laws of our country do not clearly explain the concept of "final interpretation" in product promotion advertisements mentioned in this article, and our academic circles do not clearly define it. The author's understanding of this concept is: the "final right of interpretation" in product promotion advertisements refers to the situation where there are loopholes in the content of product promotion advertisements or the parties have differences in their understanding of the content of product promotion advertisements. The power of final decisive statement.

(3) The nature of the merchant’s “final interpretation right” clause

“The so-called format clauses refer to those that are drawn up in advance for repeated use and are not negotiated with the other party when entering into the contract. Clauses, also known as standard contracts, marked clauses, format contracts, etc. "[4] Typical format clauses mainly exist in monopolistic industries such as postal and telecommunications, railways, etc. In industries where monopoly does not exist, such as commodity retail industry, in order to simplify transactions, To save time, format clauses may also be used in some cases.

The content of product promotion advertisements is pre-planned by the merchant and provided unilaterally by the merchant without consultation with consumers. Consumers are not allowed to modify or supplement it and will be repeatedly applied to unspecified members of the public. They have format clauses. Some of the main features are generally recognized as standard clauses. Therefore, the terms in which merchants state that they reserve the "right of final interpretation" in their product promotion advertisements are format terms.

(4) What legitimate rights and interests of consumers are violated by the "right of final interpretation" clause?

The "right of final interpretation" clause gives merchants an unlimited space to shirk responsibility. In-depth investigation In short, this behavior of the merchant has indeed violated many legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

Articles 7 to 15 of my country's "Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law" stipulate nine rights of consumers, which generally include: the right to not harm human health and personal safety; the right to be informed of their purchases , the right to the true situation of the goods used or services received; the right to independently choose goods or receive services; the right to fair transactions; the right to obtain compensation and compensation; the right to establish social groups to safeguard their legitimate interests in accordance with the law; to accept relevant consumption and the right to knowledge on the protection of consumer rights and interests; the right to respect personal dignity and folk customs; the right to supervise goods and services and the protection of consumer rights and interests. It is precisely based on these rights that, under the protection of the law, consumers have the right to perform certain actions or require others to perform certain actions to realize their rights.

Merchants put forward all kinds of attractive and specious preferential conditions in product promotion advertisements. When consumers who shop for the preferential conditions fall into the consumption trap, they rely on the hidden "right of final interpretation" The act of exempting consumers from legal liability undoubtedly infringes upon consumers' rights to know the truth, their rights to fair transactions, their rights to compensation, and their rights to supervise goods and services.

2. The nature of the “right of final interpretation” clause and the ownership of the “right of final interpretation”

(1) Whether the “right of final interpretation” clause has legal effect

Whether it is legal and valid for a merchant to establish a “final right of interpretation” in the form of standard clauses involves the relevant content of the Contract Law.

If the standard clauses are concluded without necessary consultation with the other party, the formulator will try to maximize its rights and reduce its responsibilities for its own benefit, which can easily lead to infringement on the interests of the other party. In order to prevent the abuse of standard clauses and the inequality of rights and obligations between the parties, the Contract Law imposes legal restrictions on the use of standard clauses.

1. Specifies the obligation to use standard clauses

According to Article 39 of the Contract Law: “Where standard clauses are used to conclude a contract, the party providing the standard clauses shall abide by the principles of fairness and justice. principles to determine the rights and obligations between the parties, and to use reasonable means to draw the other party’s attention to clauses that exempt or limit its liability, and to explain the clauses at the request of the other party.” This provision requires the party providing the standard clause to follow the principle of fairness. , the parties using the standard clauses shall perform reasonable obligations to draw attention and explain.

The principle of fairness is the basic principle that parties to a contract must abide by. The so-called principle of fairness means that in the process of making and performing a contract, the concept of fairness must be used to adjust the rights and obligations between the parties to the contract. The concept of fairness is expressed as "in terms of benefits, do not take too much for yourself and give too little to others, and do not take too little for yourself and give too much to others when it comes to harm" [5]. It refers to using the balance of interests as a value judgment standard to determine the parties' interests. interests and pursue fair and reasonable goals. In contract law, the principle of fairness requires that the corresponding rights and obligations be established fairly and reasonably between the parties, thereby excluding the party formulating the standard contract from infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of the other party by virtue of its advantages, and requiring the party providing the standard terms to use its advantages to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the other party, and requires the party providing the standard terms to do its best to its counterparty. Recognizing reasonable obligations to draw attention and explain is a manifestation of following the principle of fairness.

The obligation to explain is easy to understand, so how do we fulfill the obligation to draw attention? First, the language used in the standard clauses themselves must be clear and understandable. Secondly, reasonable means should be used to draw attention, such as targeted individual reminders.

Thirdly, the attention must be drawn to a considerable extent, that is, enough to make the counterparty notice that there are clauses that exempt or reduce the merchant's liability. Finally, the obligation to draw attention must be performed before the conclusion of the contract is completed, because only by prompting before the conclusion of the contract can the consumer make a true expression of intention as to whether to conclude the contract.

Many of the product promotion advertisements are vague in language. The merchant states in advance in a hidden position in the advertisement that it has the "right of final explanation" and intends to make a "final explanation" after the consumer has made the purchase. This obviously fails to draw attention to the matter. obligations, violated the principle of fairness, and violated the provisions of Article 39 of the Contract Law.

2. Specifies the invalid situations of format clauses.

According to the provisions of Articles 40, 52, and 53 of my country’s Contract Law, standard clauses are invalid under the following circumstances: (1) One party enters into the contract by means of fraud or coercion, harming national interests; (2) ) Malicious collusion to harm the interests of the country, the collective or a third party; (3) Covering up illegal purposes in legal forms; (4) Damaging the interests of the public; (5) Violating the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations; (6) ) An exemption clause that causes personal injury to the other party; (7) The other party’s property losses are caused intentionally or due to gross negligence; (8) The party providing the standard clause exempts the other party from liability, increases the other party’s liability, and excludes the other party’s major rights.

The merchant’s “right of final interpretation” clause falls under the situation where “the party providing the standard terms exempts itself from responsibilities, increases the liability of the other party, and excludes the other party’s main rights”, which seriously violates the principle of fairness. Article 40 of the Contract Law article clearly stipulates it and confirms its invalidity.

3. It stipulates the principles of interpretation when disputes arise over the understanding of format clauses.

Article 41 of the "Contract Law" stipulates the principles for interpretation of disputed standard clauses on the basis of taking into account the interests of both parties: "If a dispute arises over the understanding of standard clauses, they shall be interpreted in accordance with common understanding. For If there are two or more interpretations of a standard clause, an interpretation that is unfavorable to the party providing the standard clause shall be made. If the standard clause and the non-standard clause are inconsistent, the non-standard clause shall be interpreted. ""If there are more than two interpretations of the standard clause, a different interpretation shall be made. "Interpretation that is beneficial to the party providing the standard terms" as opposed to "usual understanding" is a special interpretation principle for standard terms, also known as "the benefit of doubt interpretation rule" or "unfavorable interpretation rule." This interpretation rule originates from the interpretation principle of Roman law that "if there is any doubt, the express intention shall be in the absence of the party's interests", it was later accepted by the legal circles of various countries and adopted by Anglo-American law and civil law. [6]

According to the above provisions, when encountering a dispute over standard clauses, we should first make a general understanding in accordance with the contract interpretation principles [7] stipulated in Article 125 of the Contract Law. If there are still more than two interpretations , it should be interpreted using special interpretation principles. The reason is very simple. The standard terms are unilaterally formulated by the provider. When there is a disagreement or the meaning is unclear, if an interpretation is adopted that is beneficial to the party providing the standard terms, the contract trap set by the provider when signing the contract cannot be avoided. avoid. Therefore, when interpreting unclear clauses, the first consideration should be given to protecting the interests of the adhering party.

It should be pointed out that the provisions on the special interpretation rules for standard clauses are mandatory provisions[8], and the parties are not allowed to exclude their application by agreement, as long as the standard clauses have more than two interpretations according to common understanding. , without any preconditions, an interpretation should be made that is unfavorable to the party providing the standard contract. And if it is recognized that the merchant has the effective "final right of interpretation" of the contract terms unilaterally provided by it, it means that if there is a dispute between the parties about the understanding of the standard terms, the merchant's unilateral interpretation should prevail, which is a clear violation of this mandatory provision.

To sum up, according to the provisions of the "Contract Law", the "final interpretation right" clause attached by the merchant in the product promotion advertisement obviously violates the principle of fairness and violates the mandatory provisions of the Contract Law. , is an invalid clause. Therefore, the merchant's "final interpretation right" clause has no legal basis, does not have any legal effect, and does not exempt it from legal liability.

(2) Ownership of the "final right of interpretation"

1. The necessity of "explanation" and the ownership of the right

Product promotion advertisements promote themselves as merchants As an important means of goods, it plays a decisive role in market transactions. Its content must be true and healthy, and its wording should also be rigorous and accurate. According to the provisions of Articles 4 and 24 of the Consumer Rights Protection Law, consumers have the right to know about promotional provisions in product promotion advertisements that involve the interests of consumers, and merchants are obliged to describe the specific content clearly and try not to Consumers misunderstand. However, on the one hand, the Chinese language itself has characteristics such as complexity, ambiguity, ambiguity and uncertainty, and the same word or sentence can often be interpreted in multiple ways; on the other hand, the products currently organized by merchants Promotional activities involve many types of products and detailed operation procedures. It is impossible for media advertisements to explain them one by one within the limited number of words. It is required that the promotional content of product promotion advertisements can only be expressed in a clear and unambiguous way. Harsh, thus making interpretation of its content inevitable.

So who has the “right to interpret” the content of product promotion advertisements?

The establishment of an ordinary contract requires two stages: offer and acceptance, and the establishment of a format contract is the same. An offer is an expression of intention to enter into a contract with another person. Once the counterparty who accepts the offer makes an acceptance, the contract is established. According to the relevant provisions of Article 15, Paragraph 2 of the Contract Law: "If the content of a commercial advertisement complies with the provisions of an offer, it shall be deemed an offer." The content of a product promotion advertisement is determined, and its invitees can trade directly without further negotiation with its provider. , should be deemed as an offer. Consumers should make a commitment when they go to the merchant to consume according to this offer, so that the sales contract is established, and the content of the product promotion advertisement becomes effective for both parties. According to the relevant provisions of my country's "General Principles of Civil Law" and "Contract Law", if the two parties have a dispute over the content of the contract at this time, both parties have the right to interpret on the basis of equal negotiation. That is, after the establishment of the commodity sales contract, it is discovered that the product promotion If there are loopholes or ambiguities in advertising content, both merchants and consumers, as parties to the contract, have the right to explain. As the maker of rules for promotional activities and the provider of product promotion advertisements, merchants should exercise the "right of interpretation" not only as a right but also as an obligation.

2. Who owns the "right of final interpretation"

Since the fundamental purpose of the "final interpretation" is to eliminate unclear, unspecific, loopholes or ambiguities in product promotion advertisements Be clear, specific, complete and clear so that disputes between parties can be reasonably resolved. In practice, when merchants and consumers negotiate to resolve disputes, the explanations provided by exercising the "right of interpretation" are essentially only the parties' unilateral understanding of the contract, and are not binding on the other party, and the "final interpretation" cannot be achieved at all. Purpose, does not have legal effect or does not have direct legal effect. Therefore, neither the merchant's nor the consumer's explanation is the "final explanation."

According to Article 128 of the Contract Law, contract disputes can be resolved through reconciliation, mediation, arbitration and litigation. If the parties cannot reconcile and the dispute cannot be settled, it can only be finally resolved by reaching a mediation agreement under the auspices of the industrial and commercial department, or by arbitration or litigation. Therefore, the decisive interpretation that can truly achieve the purpose of "final interpretation" and have legal effect can only be the interpretation of industrial and commercial administrative agencies, arbitration agencies and people's courts. When a dispute arises due to ambiguity in a product promotion advertisement, the industrial and commercial administrative agency, arbitration agency or judicial agency shall make a legally binding final interpretation of the disputed clause in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Contract Law to resolve the dispute.

It can be seen that the "final right of interpretation" of product promotion advertisements should belong to the consumer dispute resolution agency? the industrial and commercial administration agency, arbitration agency or judicial agency.

3. Regulation of "right of final interpretation" clauses

In recent years, merchants have infringed upon the legitimate rights and interests of consumers by including "right of final interpretation" clauses in product promotion advertisements. It has attracted widespread attention from the legislative, judicial and administrative departments, and even general hostility from all walks of life.

Based on the analysis of the "final interpretation right" clause in this article, it is recommended that it be clearly stipulated in the separate law on format clauses as unequal format clauses that have no legal effect, and that their providers bear corresponding legal responsibilities. . On the one hand, this approach allows merchants to directly realize from a legal perspective that the formulation of "final interpretation rights" clauses will eventually be negated, thereby reducing the use of such clauses; on the other hand, it allows consumers to have a clearer understanding of "final interpretation rights". "rights" clause infringes upon their legitimate rights and interests, and can also predict the outcome of their own litigation, thereby increasing consumers' enthusiasm for seeking judicial relief.

(2) Social Regulation

The so-called social regulation refers to the negotiation between social groups such as industry associations or consumer associations and relevant enterprises to determine the use of format clauses, accept complaints, and mediate disputes , make reasonable suggestions to the relevant authorities for the management or even banning of specific format clauses, file lawsuits in court against specific format clauses in their own names, etc.

1. Industry association regulation

The practice of having various industry associations review and supervise standard clauses is relatively popular in countries with common law systems and has achieved good results. However, due to the relatively low level of actual development of my country's market economy, various industries' understanding and implementation of integrity, the highest moral code for market activities, is still far from adequate. As a result, some industry associations established in our country are not yet sound and cannot transcend their own standards. The economic interests of the industry and justice for consumers. Therefore, it is still difficult to regulate standard clauses in this way in our country. Specifically, there are mainly the following concerns: "First, it is questionable whether industry associations have the ability to assume the responsibility of reviewing and supervising standard clauses; second, there are questions about whether industry associations can stand against enterprises from the perspective of consumers; Third, whether industry associations will worsen the use of standard clauses to avoid the law for the benefit of enterprises. "[11]

The understanding and implementation of the principle of integrity in various industries in my country is mainly reflected in the formulation of formats. The unilateral will of the terms is strong. This can be seen from merchants’ insistence on using “final interpretation rights” clauses in product promotion advertisements. To change this situation, we must first make merchants realize that it is indeed possible to obtain short-term benefits through the "final interpretation right" clause and temporarily be in a strong position in the relationship with consumers, but the cost is the loss of credibility. In the long run it's actually not cost-effective. Furthermore, merchants must realize that protecting the rights and interests of consumers is actually protecting the legitimate rights and interests of merchants; integrity is the fundamental way to do business. It is believed that the establishment of a sound industry association that can transcend the economic interests of the industry and uphold justice on the basis of integrity will play an important role in regulating standard clauses.

2. Consumer Association Regulation

The Consumer Association is an intermediary organization that represents the interests of consumer groups. The "Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law" defines it as: established in accordance with the law. A social organization that conducts social supervision over goods and services to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Article 32 of the law gives consumer associations seven major functions, including “accepting consumer complaints”, but does not stipulate how to perform their functions. This puts consumer associations in the awkward position of having no administrative powers and no qualifications to be a litigation subject. They are often powerless in the process of defending consumers' rights.

When faced with acts that infringe on consumer rights, consumer associations can neither take administrative measures nor directly sue merchants, but can only take investigation, mediation, provide legal aid to consumers, and To assist in resolving infringements, such as exposing infringements, there are inevitable weaknesses in these methods. Take mediation and "exposure" as an example: due to the dominant position of businesses and the fact that consumers often cannot afford the trouble of mediation, they often have to accept unreasonable settlement conditions from businesses; not all local consumer associations have sufficient legal quality and The improper "exposure" of professional and technical knowledge may lead to disputes over infringement of merchants' rights. Once the Consumers Association bears the responsibility for losing the lawsuit, it will have huge adverse social effects.

In addition to the above problems of the consumer association itself, my country's regulation of standard clauses still has the following status quo: First, many current unequal standard clauses involve many consumers, which damages the interests of individual consumers. Trivial, many consumers are unwilling to spend the time and energy to litigate. Secondly, the unfairness of many standard clauses is not obvious, and ordinary consumers often do not realize that their legitimate rights and interests have been harmed, let alone file targeted lawsuits. Thirdly, consumers who are relatively disadvantaged are obviously unable to compete with powerful merchants in the collection and use of evidence. [12]

Therefore, in order to give full play to the role of consumer associations in regulating standard clauses in our country, it is recommended that consumer associations have the right to require the provider of standard clauses to correct the standard clauses that seriously infringe the interests of consumers. You can submit an application to the local industrial and commercial administration authority to propose changes to the clause or to determine that the clause is invalid. At the same time, it is recommended that consumer associations be given the right to sue. If they are dissatisfied with the results of the relevant enterprises or industrial and commercial administrative agencies, they have the right to sue the people's court in their own name and request the court to declare a certain format used by a certain industry or enterprise. Terms are invalid.

I believe that such reforms will be more conducive to the regulation of standard clauses by consumer associations that are specifically designed to safeguard consumer rights and interests and have more legal and other professional knowledge than ordinary consumers. It can better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Article 41 of my country's Contract Law clearly stipulates that if there is a dispute over the understanding of standard terms, they shall be interpreted in accordance with common understanding. If there are more than two interpretations of the standard terms, an interpretation that is unfavorable to the party providing the standard terms should be made. If the standard clauses and non-standard clauses are inconsistent, the non-standard clauses shall be adopted. If the standard clauses unilaterally provided by the shopping mall are recognized as valid and the shopping mall has the final right to interpret the contract, it means that if there is a dispute between the two parties about the understanding of the standard clauses, the shopping mall's unilateral interpretation shall prevail. This is a clear violation of the mandatory provisions of Article 41 of the Contract Law, and therefore the standard clause should be deemed invalid.

So for the terms of the contract, only the judicial department has the right to interpret them in accordance with the law, and its interpretation has legal effect. However, the parties can only make their own unilateral understanding of the contract, and their "interpretation" does not have direct legal effect. . Therefore, from a legal sense, shopping malls do not have the final right to interpret their promotional activities.

So, a certain big website is operating illegally! Relevant evidence must be collected and legal action must be taken, but the evidence is often destroyed by the merchants! ! There is nothing you can do but let it go, learn a lesson, and never participate in such activities! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !