How to understand that the development of preschool children is the dialectical unity of subjective and objective factors?

Usually, these stages are collectively referred to as childhood, that is, children before entering primary school are collectively referred to as preschool children. There is no doubt that this is a very important period! This is the golden age of development. In daily life, people often talk about the word development. This includes not only the development of people, but also the development of things and the development of the whole society and even the world. Development means change, progress and improvement. Children's development refers to the process of regular quantitative and qualitative changes in physical and psychological aspects during children's growth. As gesell said: "In a broad sense, development and life are the same thing, including all physical and mental changes in the whole life course-such as the increase of height and weight, the change of sports ability, the progress of intelligence, the development of new emotions, etc." From simple to complex, from concrete to abstract, from passive to active, from clutter to system. Preschool children (especially children from birth to six years old): At this stage, the physical and psychological development of preschool children is closely related. The younger a child is, the greater the interaction between physical and psychological development. In the six years after birth, children's development is very rapid, not only in the process of quantity increase, but also in the process of qualitative change. For example, at the beginning, newborns mainly rely on unconditional reflex to ensure the survival and initial adaptation of the body. Two or three years old is a child who can run, eat with a spoon and communicate with people in simple language. By the age of five or six, he has become a child who has a superficial understanding of the surrounding environment, can concentrate on his studies, and initially has the ability to live independently. I am ready to enter primary school and even laid the foundation for lifelong development. As the enlightenment stage of human growth, intellectual development and personality formation, preschool period plays a very important role in human development. So, how do preschool children develop and what factors affect them? The answer to this question is an important theoretical basis for preschool education. From the psychological point of view, the factors affecting individual development are complex. Psychologists have revealed the general trend of preschool children's psychological development process through long-term and large-scale research: from simple to complex, from concrete to abstract, from passive to active, from disorder to system. 1. From simple to complex, the child's initial psychological activity is only a very simple reflex activity, and it will become more and more complicated in the future. This development trend is manifested in two aspects: (1) from incomplete to complete. We know that children's psychological process is not completed at birth, but formed in the process of development. For example, children in the first few months can't recognize people, and 1 can really master the language after half a year. At the same time, imagination and thinking gradually emerged. The order of appearance and formation of various psychological processes follows the development law from simple to complex. (2) From generality to difference. Children's initial psychological activities are universal, diffuse and undifferentiated. Whether it is cognitive activities or emotions, the development trend is from confusion or vagueness to differentiation and clarity. It can also be said that it was simple and single at first, and then it gradually became complex and diverse. For example, a baby can only distinguish between bright and dark colors, and can only distinguish various basic colors when he is about 3 years old. For another example: at first, the baby's emotions were only divided into general emotions, and in the next few years, they gradually divided into various emotions such as love, surprise, disgust and jealousy. Generally divided into congenital factors and acquired factors. Among them, congenital factors mainly include maturity and heredity, and acquired factors mainly refer to individual environment and education. What is the dominant factor affecting children's development has always been the focus of psychological debate. Gesell, an American psychologist, put forward the theory of maturity after nearly half a century of experimental research on children's development. He believes that children's development is a process with a regular sequential pattern, which is determined by the evolutionary order of species and organisms. All children develop in this way. Of course, like other things, the development of children's psychology is also a continuous process of contradictory movement, a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. The continuity of children's psychological development is not unrelated to the early development, and the lower development in the early stage is the premise of the higher development in the later stage. Children's psychology is changing all the time. When quantitative change accumulates to a certain extent, there will be "qualitative change" and some essential important differences will appear. These differences have changed significantly, making children's psychological development show "stages". For example, children perceive new things every day and hear what adults teach them. This knowledge and experience accumulated in his mind (that is, quantitative change). At first, he may only express comprehensible words, but at a certain time, he began to speak words, which led to a qualitative change in language development, that is, entering a new stage of its language development.