Emergency self-help and mutual rescue knowledge

Emergency self-help and mutual rescue knowledge

Emergency self-help and mutual knowledge, people's life lies in exercise, so daily exercise is essential. Without healthy body, there is nothing. It is best to maintain good behavior habits and eating habits, and it is best to learn the knowledge of emergency self-help and mutual rescue.

Emergency self-help and mutual rescue knowledge 1 emergency avoidance, self-help and mutual rescue knowledge-fire fighting

How to escape from the fire

(A) emergency measures in the fire

In addition to the high temperature, the fire scene will also produce a lot of toxic gases and smoke, and the visibility is also very low, which greatly increases the difficulty of escape in distress. In case of fire, the most important thing is to keep calm and avoid making wrong choices blindly. The key points of fire emergency avoidance are as follows:

1. In case of fire, quickly judge the fire source and escape in the opposite direction to the fire. Be good at using the environment and objects around you that are conducive to escape.

2. Don't cling to your belongings and get out of the fire as soon as possible. Remember: don't return after fleeing the fire.

3. In the process of escape, close all the passing doors as much as possible to slow down the spread of flames and smoke. Never enter the attic, kitchen, bathroom, let alone the elevator.

4. When the smoke is filled, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and lower your body to avoid inhaling thick smoke or toxic gas. When crawling, keep your elbows and knees close to the ground and escape along the wall to avoid escaping in the wrong direction.

5, must pass through the flame zone, first wet clothes, or with a wet quilt, blanket wrapped around the head and body, quickly through, in case of fire.

6. In case of fire, don't run around. You should roll on the spot and put the flame on your body. If there is water nearby, you can dump it or jump into it. If your companion is on fire, you can cover it with clothes, quilts, etc. Or put out the fire with water.

7. When the stairs are blocked by fireworks, don't jump off the building blindly, and make full use of indoor and outdoor facilities to save yourself.

● Use ropes to escape. Hold the rope with both hands, clamp your feet and slide your hands down directly. The thicker the rope used, the better. This string can be tied with several knots.

● Use sheets and clothes to escape. Tear sheets, quilt covers, clothes and other fabrics into strips and connect them, firmly tie them to fixed objects such as doors, windows and balconies, and then slide down.

● Use downpipe and lightning rod to remove lead and escape. Grasp the downspout or lightning rod downlead with both hands, and move down with both hands and feet.

● Use the skylight to escape. People living on the top floor can climb to the roof through the skylight, send down a distress signal, wait for rescue, or escape through the next building.

● Use balconies and adjacent platforms to escape. Through the balcony, climb to a safe place next door, or transfer to the next platform through the window to escape.

● Use scaffolding and awnings to escape. If there are scaffolding, awnings and other climbing things around the building where the fire broke out, they can all be used to avoid the fire and escape safely.

8. When the escape route is blocked by fire and there are no other escape conditions, you should immediately return to the room, close the doors and windows, block the door with a towel, and cover the door with a blanket and quilt. After soaking, keep watering to cool down to prevent flame and smoke from invading the outdoor. If possible, turn on the tap, pour water on the ground to cool down and send out a distress signal.

9. In case of fire in public places such as shopping malls, dance halls and theaters. Wet clothes and towels immediately, cover your nose and mouth, follow the instructions, lower your body and evacuate in an orderly manner in the direction of the nearest safety door (safe passage).

(2) How to escape in case of fire in high-rise buildings.

If the high-rise building or hotel where you live is on fire, besides the precautions mentioned above, you should also pay special attention to the following points:

1. Never use the elevator and evacuate from the fire escape stairs.

2. Escape according to the fire escape route map or evacuation sign.

You must take the key with you. Once the road is blocked, you can go back to your room in time and find a good solution.

If possible, knock on the door while running to inform others to escape. If there is an alarm switch, press the alarm immediately.

Don't run when the stairs are blocked by smoke or fire.

6. If you are trapped in a high place and calling for help is ineffective, you can wave sheets, towels, pillowcases and other things in front of the window to attract others' attention.

7. If doors, windows, passages and stairs are sealed by fireworks, make full use of life-saving ropes, fire-fighting descenders and life-saving bags to escape.

8. If the residence is close to the roof, you can go directly to the roof platform or balcony, send a distress signal, and wait patiently for the arrival of rescuers. No matter what happens, you can't just jump downstairs.

How to report "1 19" fire?

When calling the fire alarm number "1 19", you must be calm. The key is to express the situation clearly in as concise a language as possible. When issuing an alarm, please pay attention to the following:

1. Remember the fire number-"119"

2. After the phone is connected, you should prepare to report the address of the fire (road name, alley name, house number), what is on fire, the size of the fire, whether anyone is trapped, whether there is an explosion or gas leakage, and the scope of the fire. When you can't tell the specific address, you should tell the geographical location, obvious buildings or road signs around you.

3. Give your name, phone number or mobile phone number to the other party for contact. Pay attention to the questions raised by the alarm center so as to answer them correctly.

4, after receiving the call, immediately send someone to wait for the fire truck at the intersection, guide the fire truck quickly rushed to the scene of the fire.

5. If there is any new change in the fire, immediately notify the public security fire brigade so that they can adjust their deployment in time.

Tips: The public security fire brigade can call "1 19" for fire alarm and extinguishing.

How to put out the initial fire

When a fire breaks out, it is usually not very big. As long as the correct fire extinguishing methods are mastered, the fire can be put out in the early stage to avoid causing great disasters.

1. When you find a fire, you should shout for help, get help from people around you, and call "1 19" to call the police quickly.

2. Before firefighters arrive at the scene, they should try to put out the fire and save themselves. When putting out the fire, use local materials, preferably with a fire extinguisher. You can also use sand, blankets, quilts and other items to cover the fire.

3, don't literally open the doors and windows when the fire, in order to avoid air convection caused by the spread of the fire.

4. If someone is trapped, save people first.

When the oil pan is on fire, quickly cover the pan to put out the fire, and never put it out with water. If the oil fire is scattered on the stove or on the ground, it can be put out with a portable fire extinguisher, or covered with a wet quilt or wet blanket. , and immediately put out the fire.

6. When the gas stove is on fire, if liquefied gas is used, quickly cover the steel cylinder guardrail with towels, rags, etc. Cover the fire with clothes, quilts, etc. , and quickly close the main valve. If pipeline gas is used, two keys, valve closing and fire extinguishing, should be grasped to prevent the fire from spreading.

7. When household appliances catch fire, cut off the power supply first, and then put out the fire.

Knowledge of Emergency Self-rescue and Mutual Aid II Basic principles to be followed in on-site self-rescue and mutual aid.

First of all, people-oriented: save people first, then save property. Everything puts people's personal safety first and gets out of dangerous places as soon as possible.

Secondly, treat the seriously wounded first, and then treat the lightly wounded, so as to ensure that the seriously wounded can be rescued in the first time.

Put others before yourself: after getting out of danger, we should actively provide help, especially drivers and flight attendants, and actively organize the rescue of passengers, not just ourselves.

Basic sequence of rescue

On-site call for help: Call for help from the public security, transportation, medical rescue and other departments by using the nearby telephone. You can also intercept passing vehicles for help. Seek emergency help from the nearest industrial and mining enterprises, troops, organs and other units.

On-site rescue: If the wounded are squeezed into the accident vehicle, don't pull it hard, but use machinery to pull or cut the vehicle, and then rescue the wounded. When a vehicle hits the wounded, don't start the vehicle easily, use jacking tools (such as jacks) or mobilize the masses to lift the vehicle, and then rescue the wounded.

On-site first aid: after the wounded are rescued, they should be examined and given first aid, and then transferred to the hospital.

Extended data

How to save yourself in case of fire

Once threatened by fire, don't panic, calmly determine your position, judge the fire according to the analysis of smoke, light and temperature around you, and don't act blindly.

In a bungalow, if the fire around the door is not big, leave the fire quickly.

If you are in a building, don't run around blindly, let alone jump off a building to escape, which will cause undue casualties. You can hide in the room or on the balcony. Close the doors and windows, cut off the fire road and wait for rescue. Conditional, can continue to water the doors and windows to cool down, in order to delay the spread of the fire.

If the fire is too strong and you need to jump off a building to escape, you can jump off the second floor, but you should choose soft ground. At the same time, we should drop the bedding from upstairs to increase the cushion of the ground, and then slide down the window, so as to minimize the falling height and let our feet land first. If you are sure, you can tie one end of the rope (or tear it with sheets, etc.). ) to the window frame and then slide down the rope to the ground.

If the clothes catch fire, you can take off your clothes quickly, or roll around and put out the fire with your body. You can also jump into a nearby pool or river to put out the fire. In short, you should try to reduce the burn area and reduce the degree of burn.

When a fire breaks out, it often produces toxic gases harmful to human body, so in order to prevent tobacco poisoning, you should

Try to stay in the windward or cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, hold your breath, try to lower your body height, and bend down to scurry or crawl on the ground; When trapped indoors, block the gap between doors and windows with wet sheets to prevent smoke from spreading indoors.

Emergency self-help and mutual aid knowledge 3 public emergency knowledge

According to the occurrence process, nature and mechanism of public emergencies, public emergencies are mainly divided into the following four categories:

(1) Natural disasters. It mainly includes flood and drought disasters, meteorological disasters, earthquake disasters, geological disasters, marine disasters, biological disasters and forest and grassland fires.

(2) accidents and disasters. It mainly includes all kinds of safety accidents, traffic accidents, public facilities and equipment accidents, environmental pollution and ecological destruction events in industrial, mining, trading and other enterprises.

(3) Public health events. It mainly includes infectious diseases, mass unexplained diseases, food safety and occupational hazards, animal epidemics and other events that seriously affect public health and life safety.

(4) Social security incidents. It mainly includes terrorist attacks, economic security incidents and foreign-related emergencies.

According to the nature, severity, controllability and scope of influence, all kinds of public emergencies are generally divided into Grade I (particularly significant), Grade II (significant), Grade III (significant) and Grade IV (general).