Measures and methods for the recovery of accounts receivable

3. Precautionary measures for enterprise accounts receivable risk 3. 1 Establish a special credit management department. Enterprise credit risk management is a professional, technical and comprehensive work. Therefore, enterprises should set up an independent credit management department and be equipped with professional credit management personnel to ensure the realization of credit management functions. The credit management department is generally led by the chief financial officer, and the sales department and the finance department are members. Its basic functions include establishing and managing customer credit files, analyzing credit risks, scientifically establishing customer credit limits and accounts receivable collection. 3.2 Customer credit survey. Enterprises should investigate and analyze the credit status of customers. For old customers, it is necessary to establish and improve credit files and formulate a complete set of credit records. The credit management of new customers should include: conducting credit investigation, credit evaluation and formulating reasonable credit policies. If enterprises do not pay attention to credit investigation and analysis, they will blindly sell on credit and increase their financial risks. Therefore, before selling goods to customers, enterprises must strictly investigate and analyze the credit status of customers, and can only provide them after internal authorization, so as to control the credit risk of enterprises. In addition, for customers who provide credit, enterprises should also keep abreast of the changes in their credit status. If the other party's credit deteriorates and the business situation is not good, the enterprise should adjust its business strategy in time to avoid economic losses. 3.3 Formulate a reasonable credit policy. Credit policy is the basic strategy and measure for enterprises to plan and control accounts receivable. Enterprises must formulate reasonable credit policies according to their own actual operating conditions and customers' credit status. Credit policy includes three aspects: credit standard, credit term and collection policy. (1) Credit standard is the minimum standard that customers should reach to obtain commercial credit, which is usually expressed by the expected loss rate of bad debts. (2) The credit period is the time between purchase and payment allowed by the enterprise, which cannot be too long or too short, and must be carefully determined. (3) Collection policy refers to the collection policies and measures taken by enterprises when customers violate credit conditions, default or even refuse to pay accounts. Reasonable credit policy should combine credit standard, credit term and account recovery policy, and comprehensively consider the impact of the changes of the three on the costs of sales and accounts receivable. 3.4 Improve the product quality of enterprises. In addition to credit management, enterprises should make more efforts to improve product quality and service quality. In terms of product quality, using advanced production equipment and hiring advanced technicians to produce cheap and marketable products will greatly reduce accounts receivable. At the same time, in terms of service, enterprises should form a complete set of pre-sale, mid-sale and after-sale service systems. 3.5 Improve the incentive and restraint mechanism. Enterprises should implement the responsibility of internal collection of funds, and link the collection of accounts receivable with the performance appraisal and rewards and punishments of internal business departments. For the business departments and related personnel that cause overdue accounts receivable, enterprises should give internal warnings in an appropriate way and accept the supervision of employees. For the business departments and responsible personnel who cause bad debt losses, the enterprise will deduct wages accordingly according to the assessment mechanism. 3.6 Increase the collection of accounts receivable. After the occurrence of accounts receivable, enterprises should take various measures to try their best to recover the payment on schedule. Under normal circumstances, most customers have a clear purpose and are willing to pay off the payment quickly and enjoy cash concessions. Therefore, enterprises generally do not have to ask about accounts receivable during the credit period. For overdue accounts receivable, queue analysis should be carried out according to their overdue aging and amount, because the longer the aging of accounts receivable, the greater the possibility of non-collection and the greater the possibility of bad debts. Through analysis, determine the priority collection object, and try to take effective collection measures at the initial stage of arrears. At the same time, it should be distinguished whether the debtor intentionally breaches the contract or is willing to pay but unable to pay. For debtors who intentionally breach the contract, the usual way of collection can only be to delay the time, and more powerful measures must be taken to recover such debts, or measures such as litigation preservation should be taken quickly through legal channels to recover them. For enterprises willing to pay, but unable to pay at present, it depends on whether the debtor has temporary cash flow difficulties, or whether its financial situation has experienced a serious crisis or even reached insolvency. If the debtor is unable to repay due to a serious financial crisis, it is very likely to turn into intentional breach of contract over time. For this kind of arrears, we must take strong recovery measures or corresponding creditor's rights protection measures from the beginning, and we must not miss the opportunity of collection because of feelings. In short, the risks of accounts receivable are everywhere. How to strengthen the accounting and management of accounts receivable affects the normal turnover of enterprises' funds and is related to the survival of enterprises. Therefore, we should clearly realize that it is a long-term and arduous task to guard against the risks of accounts receivable, and we should persistently build an iron wall for enterprises to guard against operational risks. Strengthen the sales staff's awareness of payment: cultivate the good habits of sales staff: call or visit the person in charge one week before the payment recovery period to predict the payment settlement date; Set the settlement date three days before the deadline. If you can't keep the appointment, you should inform the other party, and one of your colleagues will handle it. If the other party can't keep the appointment, you should suggest that the other party authorize others to follow up the money. Be sure to visit on time on the day of settlement. 1, because time is the debtor's umbrella, the longer the time, the lower the recovery success rate: 2. Final collection period A. The number of days the customer owes money should not exceed1/3 of the collection period; If it exceeds, it should take immediate action to recover; B. If the term is 30 days, the final payment term cannot exceed 40 days; C. If the term is 60 days, the final payment term cannot exceed 80 days; D. If it is not recovered immediately, it is equivalent to giving the opportunity of repayment to other companies, and the business risk of the company will also increase accordingly. Treatment of arrears 1. Documents: Check whether the sales documents of the arrears are complete. 2. Collect information: ask the customer to provide the reasons for the arrears and collect information to prove its correctness; 3. Recovering documents: establishing an account collection system. According to the different development of the situation, establish three different levels of recovery documents-notice, warning and lawyer's letter, and issue them in time according to the situation; 4. Time limit: ask customers to know the time limit and its consequences, and let customers know the meaning of the time limit; 5. Action escalation: hand over the arrears to the superior management to increase the pressure; 6. False prosecution: set up a legal department within the company and issue a recovery letter in the name of the legal department to warn that the grace period has expired; 7. Adjustment: installment payment, penalty interest, suspension of several installments, etc. shall be adopted to recover the arrears; 8. Ask for help: use the law to protect your own interests. Three. Bad debt/dormant account disposal method: 1. Concession 2. Recycle goods 3. Handling collateral 4. Seek legal assistance. Litigation preservation.