List the forms of government in various countries around the world

To summarize the forms of government in various countries around the world, there are the following two types of government.

Absolute monarchy: monarchy, dual constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarchy, parliamentary constitutional monarchy

***And government: presidential system, parliamentary system, committee system

< p>1. Dual constitutional monarchy, referred to as dual monarchy

Historically, the typical countries that adopted this system were the German Empire from 1871 to 1919 and Japan after the Meiji Restoration. Under this system, although the power of the monarch is limited by the constitution and parliament, the center of power in the country is still the monarch.

2. Parliamentary constitutional monarchy, referred to as parliamentary monarchy.

Britain was the first to implement a parliamentary monarchy, which later gradually spread to continental Europe. By the end of the 19th century, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and other countries had adopted this system. After World War II, Canada, Australia, Japan and other countries also implemented this type of government.

Unlike the dual monarchy, the parliamentary monarchy has the following characteristics: First, the parliament is the highest legislative body in the country. Second, the monarch's power is limited and his duties are mostly ceremonial, serving as a symbolic head of state. Third, the cabinet as the core of the government or government is not only produced by the parliament, but also responsible to the parliament.

3. Parliamentary monarchy

The monarch of a parliamentary monarchy is hereditary, while the president of a parliamentary monarchy is elected. In modern times, the German Federal Republic, Italy, Finland, Austria, Greece and other countries have implemented a parliamentary system of democracy.

Generally speaking, there are four main ways to elect the president: first, directly elected by voters; second, indirectly elected by parliament; third, elected by representatives of parliament and state parliaments. First, elected by the same election; fourth, elected by a special presidential electoral college.

Similar to a parliamentary monarchy, the cabinet of a parliamentary monarchy must maintain a certain coordination relationship with the parliament. When the parliament expresses no confidence in the cabinet, either the cabinet resigns or the parliament is dissolved.

4. Presidential system

The presidential system is another form of government that is different from the parliamentary system. In a parliamentary system, Parliament is the legislative body and the Cabinet implements the legislation of the Parliament. In a presidential system, the executive branch headed by the president is independent of the legislative branch, and the executive branch and the legislative branch are separated from each other. The United States is the first country in the world to implement a presidential system. Since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, France has implemented a semi-presidential and semi-parliamentary system.

5. Committee system

Different from the presidential system and parliamentary system in which the highest power is in the hands of individuals, the committee system is a collegial body that controls the highest administrative power*** and government. This system was implemented for a time after the French Revolution. Now, Switzerland is the only country that has implemented the committee system for a long time.

6. The democratic and democratic political system of socialist countries is embodied in many forms, such as the Soviet system, the Grand National Assembly system, the delegation system, and the People's Congress system. They are all composed according to the principle of democratic centralism. The people's representative organs occupy the highest position in the national political organization system. Other organs are generated by the representative organs and are responsible to the representative organs.