The cross-harbour tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has been completed. What is the cross-harbour tunnel like?

The main project of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge started in June 5438+February 65438+May 2009, which has been 6 years. At 6: 30 on February 2/KLOC-0, 24 immersed tubes were successfully installed in the world's longest subsea tunnel. At present, 4 185 meters of submarine tunnel has been built, which is more than 73% of the total length.

Suidao project is the key and difficult project of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. What are the construction of artificial islands and undersea tunnels? What is a submarine tunnel about 40 meters deep from the sea?

Oyster Shell Island "Building Dams and Roads"

"The two artificial islands in the east and west are oval and are oyster shells. At present, the artificial islands in the east and west have begun to take shape, completing 80% of the total project. " Liu Haobing, deputy chief engineer of the first work area of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Island Tunnel Project, truthfully introduced that the island tunnel project is the most technically difficult part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project, and construction started at the end of 20 10.

2011May15th, the first steel drum with a diameter of 22 meters and a height of 50.5 meters (equivalent to17th floor) sank into the sea floor due to the earthquake. After 207 days of fighting, 120 steel drum sank, and two artificial islands 6 kilometers away were successfully enclosed.

According to Liu Haobing, the area of the two artificial islands is not much different. The East Island is about 65,438+10,000 square meters and the West Island is about 98,000 square meters. The project on the island is mainly composed of three parts, namely, the wave wall project on the island, the open-pit tunnel project and the office building on the island. "At present, according to the progress of the project, the island projects on the two artificial islands are working overtime."

At noon 12, at this time, the machine of the west artificial island roared and welding sparks were everywhere. In order to ensure the quality of the project, the workers all brought lunch to the construction site.

At the site of the West Artificial Island, there are some cement facilities around the artificial island that look like hillsides. According to Yang Run, another deputy chief engineer in the first work area, this is a temporary wave retaining wall made of sandbags and cement. At present, 70% has been removed and replaced by a permanent wave wall.

According to reports, the entire west artificial island is 1.326 meters a week. The newly-built wave retaining wall is designed according to meteorological standards and the influence of the once-in-300-year wave to prevent seawater from entering the island. Therefore, the height of the building is 4.35 meters and the thickness is 1.8 meters. "In addition, the standard height of the artificial island is 4.5 meters higher than the average water level, and the whole wave wall is about 9 meters higher than the current water level, which is equivalent to three floors." Yang Run said, "The permanent wave wall has been completed 1 1,000 meters, and will be completed as planned on 20 16/month."

At the western end of the artificial island, a two-way six-lane bridge has crossed the Lingdingyang to reach the artificial island, waiting to be connected with the artificial island road. On the ground near the bridge, it has been covered with steel mesh. Sun Changshu, secretary of the Party branch of a work area, said that as long as this road surface is paved, the bridge can be connected with the artificial island.

At the eastern end of the artificial island, lifting equipment was installed everywhere. Sun Changshu said that these are all housing construction projects on the island, which is the housing of the island's operation center. Although it looks large, the actual investment is less than 10% of the total amount of the artificial island project. At present, it belongs to the finishing project on the island.

At the entrance of the cross-harbour tunnel, three huge concrete walls stand out. For Yang Run, before entering the cross-harbour tunnel, it was an open-air tunnel. It consists of three tunnel walls, each 327 meters long and 15.5 meters high, and the width between each tunnel wall is between 20 meters and 30 meters. This kind of open-pit tunnel wall is rated as the largest fair-faced concrete structure in the world.

Yang Runlai also said that the tunnel wall was formed with templates imported from Germany at one time, and no other auxiliary decoration was needed. The elegant and solemn beauty of the integration of concrete and nature can better reflect its simplicity, straightness and straightness.

"Why should we build an open-pit tunnel before entering the cross-harbour tunnel?" Yang Runlai said with a smile that it was to prevent drivers from suddenly entering the light tunnel from the natural light on the sea bridge. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of drivers, an open-air tunnel covered with glass filter lights should be built before entering the cross-harbour tunnel, so that drivers can have a transition light from light to dark before entering the cross-harbour tunnel.

Cross-harbour tunnel:

Two holes and six lanes, just like on land.

Standing at the western end of the artificial island, the two-hole submarine tunnel was presented to the reporter. According to reports, the tunnel is divided into two holes, each with three lanes. There is also a 4-meter-high and 4-meter-wide middle pipe gallery between the two tunnels, which is mainly used for the installation of tunnel electromechanical facilities and escape in distress. Below the middle pipe gallery is an escape passage, and above it is a smoke exhaust passage.

"Each side hole of each immersed tube has an escape passage into the middle pipe gallery. In case of emergency such as fire, people in the tunnel can enter the middle pipe gallery through the escape passage and escape from the scene. " Speaking of the emergency treatment method in the tunnel, Yang Runlai revealed the secret of the middle pipe gallery.

After passing through a 300-meter-long open-pit tunnel, enter the buried section of the tunnel from the right entrance. At this time, we can see that both sides of the underground tunnel are still covered with prefabricated steel scaffolding, and the whole tunnel has been illuminated by construction lighting. The entrance width of the tunnel buried pipe section and the width of the first immersed pipe interface are gradually designed from wide to narrow.

After passing through the buried tunnel, the first immersed tunnel appeared in front of you. "This is the place where the giant immersed tube sank 40 meters to the bottom of the sea on May 6, 20 13, and the kiss of the deep sea was realized," Yang Runlai said proudly.

According to reports, the submarine immersed tube tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is nearly 6 kilometers long and consists of 33 sections. Each standard pipe length is180m, width is 37.95m, height is11.4m, and the thickest part of the pipe wall is1.5m, weighing 76,000 tons, which is the highest in the world so far.