Hikvision Electronics and Electricians What is an access control system?

Access control system, also known as entrance and exit management system, is a digital management system for managers to enter and leave. The general access control system usually consists of access control card reader (biometric device), access control unit, electronic lock, door opening button, card and other equipment.

The access card reader (biometric device) is used to obtain the card number information of the card reader, convert it into an electrical signal and transmit it to the access controller in the form of Wigan or RS-485. The entrance guard controller compares the received card number with the card number authority stored in the controller, judges whether the card swiper can enter or leave within this time period, and completes actions such as unlocking and keeping the lock according to the judgment result. The networked access controller can be networked with the management computer through RS485 bus or TCP/IP network. The controller can receive the personnel and card number authority information sent by the management computer, and can also send event records to the management computer. The computer is equipped with access control system management software for data analysis and processing in the system.

Access control system is a subsystem of entrance and exit management system. Usually, it uses technologies such as swiping cards and biometrics. Under the control of management software, it manages the entrance and exit, allowing qualified people to enter and leave freely, and people who should not interfere.

Because the access control system can quickly identify the identity of visitors, it has quickly stepped out of movies for more than ten years and entered the office buildings and offices of large multinational companies, guarding the gates of garages, subways and residential buildings. Even before the desktop computer is used, it can be used to confirm the user's identity. It can be said that many places that need authentication have almost installed access control systems.

The working principle of the access control system is roughly as follows:

Door is the main access control, and all kinds of access control equipment are installed inside and outside the controlled door and above the door:

When the cardholder intends to enter the door, he will swipe his card on the card reader outside the door, enter the password on the password keyboard, or check his identity with biometric devices such as fingerprint reader, palm reader and retina reader.

When the cardholder swipes the card, the information is transmitted to the controller near the door. After the computer in the controller recognizes that the cardholder is qualified to enter, it sends a control signal to the electric lock above the door (or at the door side) to open the door for the cardholder to enter.

After the cardholder enters the door, the door will automatically close (using ground spring, door closer and other devices). Sensing devices (lock state sensors) are usually installed in electronic locks. Once the door or electric lock is open, it will send a signal back to the controller. When the door is opened for too long, the controller or the bell will sound to inform the door opener to close the door quickly (this phenomenon often occurs at the door of the hotel room).

When the controller opens the door, it transmits the cardholder's information to the access control computer in the computer room. After receiving the information, the computer stores and displays the information on the screen, and at the same time transmits the information to related software (such as attendance software). ).

When the cardholder intends to go out after completion, he can press the exit button on the inside of the door (when swiping the card in one direction). If it is a two-way card swipe, the back door will automatically open when swiping the card inside the door.

If there is no registered cardholder information, the controller will not open the door. Only when the card information is input into the management software and downloaded into the controller's memory will the controller open the door when swiping the card.

When the access control system is powered off, the system will automatically put the electric lock in the open state, allowing people to enter and leave freely. In case of fire, you can't escape.

The principle of access control system is basically similar to that of industrial control system (automatic control system) and building automatic control system (BA). Its operation can be divided into three links: perception, management and execution, but it is relatively compact and simple.

Sensing:

Card reader, password keyboard, various biometrics, exit button and lock state sensor all belong to sensing devices, and their tasks are to accept commands and upload signals or verify them before uploading (biometrics).

Management:

The controller and management software are responsible for the management function of the access control system. After receiving the information sent by the sensor, they judge whether to open the door according to the time, card number and other information. If the door is opened, they will send an opening command to the electric lock. When the lock status sensor is received, the timer will start, and it will give an alarm if it times out.