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Comment on the successful launch of Shenzhou VII: Shenzhou VII, positioning China to a new height

With Shenzhou VII soaring into the sky, the highest, brightest and most beautiful flame rekindled China's enthusiasm that has not dissipated after the Olympic Games. Although it was not a gold medal and was not accompanied by the national anthem, it once again attracted the surprised eyes of the whole world. Because the development of China Aerospace is more magnificent than the arduous road that China Sports has taken from zero gold medal breakthrough to the first gold medal.

Second, from the Long March to Shenzhou: the second milestone of China's space flight.

The successful launch of Shenzhou VII on September 25th is called another milestone of China's space flight.

Standing at the high starting point of the passionate era, along with the historical process of reform and opening up, China's space industry began to catch up with and advance to the advanced world level. Taking the "863" project as a new opportunity, 1992, the central government decided to implement the manned spaceflight project in shenzhou spaceship. With the efforts of 1 1 year, China finally broke through the key technology of 12 manned spacecraft and successfully launched it in 1999+0 1 month. This is the second milestone of China's space industry. The 35-year history from 1970 to 2004, which spans two years across the century, is full of legends of China's space industry: since the establishment of 1956, China's space industry has experienced several important periods from scratch, supporting development, accelerating take-off and striving for the world. So far, in the world space field, China has made great efforts in satellite recovery, multi-satellite with one arrow and low-temperature fuel rocket technology. Great achievements have been made in the development and application of remote sensing satellites, communication satellites, manned spacecraft and space microgravity experiments. In 2004, China Long March series launch vehicles were launched eight times a year, and 10 satellites of different types were successfully put into predetermined orbits, which proved the overall strength of China's space flight from one side in the form of "rapid fire". Generally speaking, in the pattern of world space powers such as the United States, Russia, Europe and Japan, China's comprehensive space strength has indisputably settled in the third place in the world. China Aerospace has developed rapidly and formed a scale in a short time with less investment under the weak foundation, backward technology, special national conditions and specific historical conditions. Facts have proved that China's space system is very successful, and the significance of this success goes far beyond this field. For the world, it shows that China people have ambition and wisdom to occupy a place in the high-tech field, and China has the ability to complete arduous tasks that are impossible for the outside world; For other strategic industries in China, the independence, innovation and enterprising spirit of astronauts also have the same guiding role as flags. Compared with aviation, shipbuilding and automobile manufacturing, China Aerospace has the strictest foreign technology blockade and the least foreign aid. It is this restriction that has contributed to the success of China's space flight in the forefront of the world. Today, 30 years after the reform and opening-up, many strategic industries in China have fallen into the situation of technology hollowing out. The success of China's space flight deserves deep reflection: Why can space flight be realized while other industries can't?

In the current world financial crisis and resource crisis, as well as the severe snowstorm and earthquake in China this year, the successful launch of Shenzhou VII not only makes the people of China feel proud like the first gold medal in the Olympic Games, but also has the effect of stabilizing people's morale like finding a needle in a haystack. It tells the world that inspiring its own people, no matter what difficulties and obstacles, can stop China's progress. Salisbury, chairman of the American Writers Association, sincerely praised when writing the Long March: Reading the story of the Long March makes people feel once again that once the human spirit is aroused, its power is endless. It will inspire a country with a population of 1 1 billion to move in a direction that no one can predict. Shenzhou VII, which was pushed into space by the Long March rocket, is bearing the unyielding humanistic spirit of the Chinese nation at this moment.

First, the grand blueprint drawn in difficult years.

China's space industry began in the 1950s. The world's space flight started on the basis of missiles, and China is no exception. 1February, 956, Qian Xuesen, a famous scientist known as the father of Chinese missiles, put forward the idea of establishing China's national defense aviation industry to the Central Committee. In March, the State Council formulated the 1956- 1967 Long-term Planning Outline for the Development of Science and Technology (Draft), proposing that China's jet and rocket technology should embark on the road of independent development within 12 years. In the difficult period when the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has not yet settled and everything is ready at home, the leaders of New China not only made the decision that aviation and missile (aerospace) undertakings should go hand in hand, but also pointed out the "road of independent development" with foresight. It is under the guidance of this correct strategy that China's space industry has developed rapidly from scratch.

The 1950s was the moment when the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was in full swing. 1957, 10 The first Soviet artificial earth satellite was successfully launched, and 1958 launched an American satellite. The fact that the stage for hegemony between the two sides has changed from a nuclear weapons war to space has stimulated China scientists, who never want to be just bystanders. Qian Xuesen, Zhao Jiuzhang and others. Scientists of China Academy of Sciences are responsible for drafting the draft plan for developing artificial satellites. The code name of this plan is "58 1" mission. 1958 in April, China began to build the first launch site for launch vehicles. On May 17, President Mao Zedong pointed out at the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress of China: "We also want to build satellites." Although the new China openly showed its ambition to enter the universe, the United States and the Soviet Union, which were technologically advanced and powerful at that time, did not take China's grandiloquence seriously. The Korean War taught the heroism of China people in both the United States and the Soviet Union, but no one believed that China people could rise to the sky in one step on the ruins of the Hundred Years' War and on the basis of almost blank technology and industry. 1961April 12, the Soviet Union sent astronaut Gagarin into space; On the morning of July 1969, the United States sent two astronauts to the moon. These sensational space events, accompanied by the aggressive political remarks of the leaders of the two sides, have attracted the world media for a long time and continuously, and China's space ambitions, plans and progress are even more neglected. Today, people look at the Indian space program with puzzled eyes, while more than 40 years ago, China encountered an almost forgotten contempt.

However, China went his own way, slowly but firmly. 1960165438+1On October 5th, the first launch test of the Soviet "P-2" missile copied by China was successful. 1963 On June 30th, the Interstellar Navigation Committee was established in China Academy of Sciences. 1On June 30th, 966, Premier Zhou Enlai inspected the launch base of Jiuquan launch vehicle, watched the short-range rocket launch test and congratulated on the successful launch. 1966101the missile nuclear weapon launch test was successful on October 27th. Riding on this exciting huge "shock wave", a few days later, the "Long March 1" launch vehicle and the "Dongfanghong 1" artificial satellite began to be developed. 1On April 24th, 970, China's first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong-1" was successfully launched! This is the first milestone in China's space history, and it also marks the qualitative change of China's space industry. After that, China took amazing steps.

Thirdly, Shenzhou VII has brought China's space flight to a new height and a new starting point.

There is no doubt that Shenzhou VII will take China's space flight to a new height, but this height is still limited in the world space coordinate system. Judging from the carrying capacity, advanced technology and reliability, spacecraft performance and R&D capability, China is already a space power, but compared with the advanced level in the world space field, China is not a space power and has no proud capital. The gap between space powers and space powers is mainly reflected in the overall form. The United States and Russia will step out of the space shuttle era and are going to Ad Astra, while China has just started, starting from the moon landing achieved by the United States and Russia more than 40 years ago. Launching artificial earth satellites, manned space flight and deep space exploration are the three major areas of human space activities and the three stages of human space journey. Obviously, China is in the early stage of the first stage and the second stage. From other indicators, the United States and Russia have global positioning systems, and Europe is about to start building Galileo global positioning system. There are large space stations in the United States, Europe and Russia, and the United States and Europe have also begun the third phase of exploration. Japan, India and other countries are also developing vigorously in the space field, and each has its own advantages in technology. Secondly, although China's economy has made great progress in the past 30 years, the degree of industrialization has not been significantly improved, the industrial base is still weak, and scientific innovation is low. There is a big gap between China and the advanced level in basic technologies such as materials and technology, just like the heavy resistance of the front of a car, which leads to China's space products failing to catch up with developed countries in technical performance and economy.

Finally, there are complicated reasons that affect the future development of China's space industry, such as China's space system. China Aerospace, which came into being in the era of planned economy and was cloaked in mysterious national defense, mainly adopted the military development model of state investment, joint research, overall regulation and control, regardless of the market. This used to be a great advantage of China's system, concentrating manpower and material resources to do great things. However, with the economic globalization and the improvement of domestic market economy, this model increasingly shows the disadvantages of low technological innovation ability and industrialization level. Due to the neglect of market and benefit, the pace of transforming aerospace high-tech into civilian technology is very slow, which leads to the aerospace industry not becoming the main economic growth point of the country like automobile industry, electrical appliances and real estate. Because of the difference in understanding, China has not regarded space flight as the locomotive to promote the all-round development of national science, technology, economy and society, which has affected the overall benefits of China's space flight. In addition, with the United States and other countries doing everything possible to curb China's strategic industries, preventing China Aerospace from entering the international commercial launch service market, it has also affected China's foreign space cooperation and overall development. Looking at the aerospace industry in the United States, Russia, European Union, Japan and other countries and regions, it has the characteristics of integration of defense and civilian technologies, marketization, collectivization and internationalization, and attaches great importance to exploring foreign markets. While it is regarded as a cutting-edge technology industry, it also attaches great importance to developing its huge economic benefits and developing it into a pillar emerging strategic industry. In the future, China's space industry will continue to maintain its own characteristics, but it also needs to learn from the practices of world space powers to promote the transformation of space industry. While tackling key technical problems and implementing the space exploration plan as planned, it is also necessary to carry out research on the strategic development model of the aerospace industry, evaluate the capabilities of the aerospace industry, reform and reorganize military enterprises, establish a market operation system based on competition mechanism, encourage aerospace industry groups to carry out foreign trade and strengthen international cooperation. Shenzhou VII has brought China's space flight to a new starting point, but China's space flight at this new starting point will also face new challenges.