Present situation and development trend of information technology

Since entering the 2 1 century, the integration of disciplines has been accelerated, emerging disciplines have emerged and frontier fields have been extended. A new round of information technology revolution represented by robots, big data and 3D printing has become the focus of global attention. The new generation of information technology innovation is extremely active, and the pace of technology integration is accelerating, which has spawned a series of new products, new applications and new models, greatly promoting the development and growth of emerging industries, thus accelerating the adjustment of industrial structure, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, and changing the traditional mode of economic development.

First of all, robots

The integrated development of big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other information technologies has made the robot technology mature, the cost has been continuously reduced and the performance has been continuously improved. The "robot revolution" is expected to become the entry point and important growth point of the "third industrial revolution" and will have a significant impact on the global manufacturing and service industries.

1. The application of industrial robots will accelerate the accumulation of wealth. The rising labor cost has gradually exceeded the cost of using robots, and more and more enterprises choose robots to partially replace workers. Industrial robots have penetrated from automobile manufacturing to machinery, building materials, logistics, aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding and other fields.

The wide application of industrial robots improves the production efficiency of enterprises and promotes the development of social productivity, but it also reduces a large number of labor-intensive jobs, resulting in many low-skilled workers facing income reduction or unemployment. The reduction of labor cost and the improvement of production efficiency brought by robot technology will accelerate the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few people.

2. Service robots will release the creative potential of knowledge workers. At present, service robots are becoming more and more intelligent, and begin to penetrate from labor-intensive industries to knowledge-based industries. For example, the "clinical oncology consultant" robot jointly launched by WellPoint and IBM can compare and analyze the patient's electronic medical record data with related databases, and put forward valuable suggestions for doctors' clinical treatment. There are many examples of similar service robots. The wide application of service robots can free knowledge workers from repetitive and regular work, let them concentrate on more complex and creative work, and further release their creative potential.

Second, digital enterprises.

Digital enterprise is a highly digital enterprise that combines modern computer network, database, e-commerce and other technologies with enterprise model. Digital enterprises will create more new opportunities and attract consumers, employees and partners in a digital-driven ecosystem.

1, "crowdsourcing" helps digital enterprises build a new industrial ecology. Crowdsourcing is a new way of production organization based on Internet. Through crowdsourcing, digital enterprises can go beyond their own limitations and gather a large number of professionals to study and analyze related tasks in a short time. At present, accurately grasping the trend of consumption demand is the premise of realizing consumption innovation. The digital enterprise adopting crowdsourcing can listen to the opinions of consumers, quickly obtain the changes of consumer demand, find creative consumption patterns and realize consumption innovation. In addition, the cost of professional R&D personnel in modern enterprises is getting higher and higher, while "crowdsourcing" adopts a result-oriented payment method, which only pays for the results with little or no cost. Therefore, releasing some R&D tasks in a crowdsourcing way can not only make use of high-end professionals around the world to obtain excellent solutions, but also reduce the operating costs of enterprises. The application of crowdsourcing will promote digital enterprises to build a new industrial ecosystem.

2. Digital enterprises may stimulate economic model innovation.

Digital enterprises are becoming more and more intelligent and the demand for labor is greatly reduced. For example, Kodak used to hire 13000 people to complete the same service in the image service industry, but now Instagram only needs 13 people to complete it. In order to solve this problem, some mature economies need to increase employment, resettle surplus labor and maintain social stability through economic model innovation.

Third, 3D printing.

3D printing has covered medical care, education, toys, automobiles, aerospace, consumer goods, architectural design and other fields. Compared with traditional manufacturing technology, 3D printing has unique advantages: the printing process can be completed in offices, shops and even at home, without establishing factories and production lines; It can reduce the generation of waste by-products and greatly reduce the waste of materials. 3D printing will completely change the traditional manufacturing methods and bring revolutionary changes to the manufacturing industry. At the same time, we should also see that there are still some problems to be solved urgently in 3D printing.

1 and 3D printing will change the existing intellectual property pattern.

At present, 3D scanning and printing technology is becoming more and more mature, and the prices of 3D scanners and printers are also falling. 3D printing can directly generate parts with arbitrary shapes from computer graphic data and print them out without mechanical processing and any molds. Therefore, 3D printing can make some special structural items that are very difficult to process. But it also provides convenient conditions for copying existing products quickly, efficiently and cheaply, which leads to intellectual property disputes and even causes intellectual property losses to some institutions. Gartner predicts that by 20 18 years, 3D printing will lead to at least10 billion USD of intellectual property loss worldwide every year. 3D printing will change the existing global intellectual property pattern.

2. Bioprinting triggered an ethical debate.

The rapid development of 3D printing technology makes biological printing a reality. 20 13 American scientists made an absorbable tracheal stent for a baby patient by 3D printing. In the same year, Chinese scientists independently developed a 3D printer supporting the printing of living cells, and the survival rate of printing cells was as high as 90%. At present, researchers have been able to mix human cells, animal cells, inorganic materials, hydrogels and biomedical polymer materials, put them into independent ink cartridges as bio-ink, and print them with new temperature control units and optimized thermal inkjet printers. Multicellular tissue constructed by this technique can grow into a fully functional organ. However, at present, it is impossible to evaluate the influence of bioprinting organs on implanted individuals and even human evolution. In the future, bioprinting will trigger a heated debate on ethics, morality, politics and religion.