Who is the monarch who has made the greatest contribution to the historical development of China?

The emperor is the supreme ruler of the feudal country and has supreme power. The emperor is the leader of the unity of politics and religion. The emperor has the right to make laws, make administrative decisions and command the army. In China, the title "Emperor" was first determined by Qin Shihuang and used by him. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he took virtue from Huang San and made contributions to the five emperors.

From 22 1 BC when Qin Shihuang proclaimed himself emperor to Xuan Tong's abdication in 19 1 BC, China produced 230 emperors in 2 13 1 year. The first emperor was Qin Shihuang, and the last emperor was Xuan Tong. The longest reigning emperor in China was Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, who reigned for 62 years. The emperor with the shortest reign time in China was Ming Guangzong of the Ming Dynasty, and his reign time was only 1 month. In addition, it is said that Xie reigned for 27 days, and the late Jin emperor reigned 1 day.

We chose 10 typical emperors with their own characteristics to make an introduction. They are Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Emperor Taizong, Song Taizu, Yuan Taizu, Ming Taizu, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yong Zhengdi and Emperor Guangxu. These 10 emperors involved the seven dynasties of Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing.

The archives of ancient emperors in China are extremely rich. This can only be the thickest introduction.

The first Qin Shihuang

] Qin Shihuang, named Ying Zheng. Born in 259 BC, he died in 2 10 BC and lived for 50 years. He was the first emperor of China and a legendary and epoch-making figure in the history of China.

Such a famous figure, his childhood is very unfortunate. His misfortune is directly related to that of his father. His father, the son of the State of Qin, was called an alien and later renamed Zi Chu. The alien's grandfather is the monarch of Qin, and the alien's father is Wang Zian of Qin. Although he was born in a rich royal family, when he was fifteen or sixteen, he was sent to Zhao, a country hostile to Qin, and became a "proton".

At that time, China was in the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States" hegemony period. These seven heroes are the seven great powers of Qin, Zhao, Wei, Han, Chu, Yan and Qi. At that time, in order to contain each other, the governors of various vassal States often sent their brothers, sons or grandchildren to other countries as collateral. These hostages are called "protons"

The life of proton strangers is very difficult. Although he is the son of the king of Qin, he has too many brothers, more than 20 people, and he is in the middle, so it is difficult to take over in the future. At the same time, Qin is not loyal among countries. Therefore, in Zhao's place, people do not take him seriously. For a time, his financial resources were cut off and his life was very embarrassing. At this point, his fate fell to the lowest point in his life. However, at this time, he met Lv Buwei, a big businessman, and his bad luck began to improve.

Lv Buwei is a rich businessman, Da Jia. He has great political foresight. He saw the dawn of his future in poor and miserable strangers. Subconsciously, he deeply felt that this son who was in trouble in other countries was a rare commodity that could be used for hoarding. So he decided to invest in foreigners in advance, abandon business and politics, and do something important to build a country and a king.

Lv Buwei took out 500 gold to make friends, and took 500 gold to lobby the State of Qin. He made a great success in the tour of Qin State and finally became a prince. After returning home, he married Evonne, a beautiful concubine who can sing and dance, to a stranger. 10 months later, a baby was born. This is the famous Qin Shihuang. His name is Ying Zheng.

Ying Zheng lived alone in Zhao for nine years. It was not until his father became a prince that he returned to Qin with his mother. After that, Ying Zheng's grandfather died and his father acceded to the throne. When Ying Zheng 13 years old, his half-brother died, and Ying Zheng became the king of Qin. Your mother Evonne is the Empress Dowager. Lv Buwei was honored as the Prime Minister and called Guanzhong. Lv Buwei has the final say in state affairs.

In 238 BC, the 22-year-old King Wang Zheng of Qin held an adult coronation ceremony. From then on, he began to lead the government and take power. This hot-blooded, young and promising monarch quickly put down the rebellion and imprisoned the Queen Mother. The following year, the overbearing Prime Minister Lv Buwei was ousted and Lv Buwei committed suicide. Reese was promoted and reused, and made a decision to unify the world.

In 22 1 year BC, the king of Qin finally destroyed the six countries and unified the world. Thus, the chaos and disputes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were ended, and the first unified, multi-ethnic and autocratic centralized country in China history was established.

Since then, the Qin dynasty has made Wang Zheng emperor. The emperors were Germans and Huang San, who contributed to the Five Emperors. From then on, the word emperor replaced the king and became the proper name of the supreme ruler of the country. Qin Wangzheng became the first emperor in the history of China, namely Qin Shihuang.

In order to make his country permanent, Qin Shihuang took a series of important measures in politics, economy and culture.

He abolished the feudal system and implemented the county system. He believes that the distribution of governors in various places is tantamount to establishing a small country, which is not conducive to centralization. So he ordered the abolition of the enfeoffment system, and the county system was first implemented in China. There are 36 counties in China, including counties, townships, pavilions and villages. There is a county magistrate, a county magistrate, three elders in the township, a pavilion, and a slaughter in the village.

The central state organs have set up a system of three public officials and nine ministers.

From the central government to the local government, a huge and complete bureaucratic system has been formed, and the highest power belongs to the emperor. This is the first one of Qin Shihuang.

He also ordered the unification of the national legal system. There are three major unifications: unified currency, unified measurement and unified writing. Unified currency, because in the past, each vassal state had its own currency. Now that the country is unified, the currencies must be consistent. In particular, it is stipulated that the currency should use Qin money in the outer circle, and gradually eliminate the cloth and silk and knife-shaped money in the former vassal countries. In the unified measurement, the weights and measures originally used by Qin were forcibly introduced into the whole country. Unified script, the original script used by various vassal States was not unified, and now it is stipulated that all official scripts should use small seal script. Of course, Qin Li is still popular with people. These three unifications are conducive to economic development, cultural integration and social stability, and more conducive to the formation of a multi-ethnic country. This is a great contribution of Qin Shihuang to history.

In order to make the country permanent, he moved the rich households of the original six countries to the vicinity of Xianyang, the capital, for supervision and control.

At the same time, he ordered the collection of weapons throughout the country. All localities dare not neglect, and all kinds of weapons have been transported to Xianyang. The weapons are all made of bronze. A mountain of weapons weighing millions of pounds. What should I do with so many bronze weapons? He suddenly had a whim, why not cast them into several big bronze statues and put them in front of the palace. At this time, there happened to be a folk story that 12, a strange and tall Yidi eccentric, appeared in Lintao. This year, Qin Shihuang unified the world, and the appearance of Yidi weirdo was regarded as a good omen. So he ordered the destruction of weapons and cast 12 bronze men. Because bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, commonly known as gold, the big bronze man is also called the big gold man and Di Chin. Now I guess this Di Chin is probably the image of a Central Asian with a deep eye socket and a big nose. This gives it a mysterious aura. It is said that each bronze man weighs 240,000 Jin. 12, containing 2.88 million Jin of copper. These 12 Daikin were placed in front of Xianyang Palace to show the majesty of Qin Shihuang. Things have changed, and they have long since ceased to exist. Qin Shihuang's original intention was to make the world stable for a long time, but the world was not stable. This is mainly because of his large-scale construction.

He built the tomb of Mount Li. /kloc-when he acceded to the throne at the age of 0/3, construction began. After the national reunification, more than 700,000 servants and slaves were transferred, which took 38 years to build. Until the death of Qin Shihuang, the mausoleum project was not completed. Now this mausoleum is called Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is located in the suburb of Xi, Shaanxi Province. The main tomb of this mausoleum has not yet been excavated, and the surrounding ancillary areas have been partially excavated. More than 50,000 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed, many of which are rare, such as bronze carriages. What attracted worldwide attention was the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors Pit, which French President Jacques Chirac admirably called "the eighth wonder of the world".

He renovated the Great Wall of Wan Li. In order to prevent the harassment of Xiongnu in the north, he ordered the construction of the Great Wall. The 1 tens of thousands of migrant workers who built the Great Wall are all corvees of the people. The Great Wall he built starts from Lintao in the west, runs through Yinshan Mountain, crosses the Yalu River in the east, and reaches the areas along the Qingchuan River in North Korea today. As long as Wan Li, it is called the Great Wall of Wan Li. The majestic Great Wall of Wan Li is a world-famous great project and a great pioneering work of the people of China.

He engaged in "burning books to bury Confucianism". Burning books, in order to unify thoughts and curb population, he ordered that all books not written by Ji Qin and books not needed by doctoral officers be burned. This is a cultural disaster; Pit Confucianism, he thinks that Confucian scholars make random comments and slander people, so he personally circled more than 460 people and killed them all. This is a cruel means to suppress speech. Therefore, "burning books to bury Confucianism" has become synonymous with destroying culture and destroying scholars. He ignored the lives of the people, built great projects, wasted people's money, and accumulated deep grievances. And he himself is afraid of death, always dreaming of immortality and looking for elixirs everywhere. But he eventually died of illness on his way out.

The second Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty lasted only two dynasties, and Qin Ershi died. Followed by the Han Dynasty, the first emperor was Liu Bang. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, named Liu Che. He was the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty and a brilliant grandmaster. He was born in 156 BC, died in 87 BC, and lived 70 years. His father is Jing Di Liu Qi, his grandfather is Heng, and his great-grandfather is Gao Zu Liu Bang. He became the king of Jiaodong at the age of 4 and the prince at the age of 7. The King of Jin died in BC 14 1 year, and Liu Che, aged 16, succeeded him as Emperor Wu. From BC 14 1 to 87 BC, it was 54 years.

Jingdi has his own unique views on the education of cars. In order to train Che to be a qualified emperor, he was specially selected as the master of Confucianism, Wei Wan. It turns out that from the early Han Dynasty to the present, under the influence of the Taoist thought of Huang Lao, several generations of monarchs advocated learning from the Yellow Emperor and Laozi without exception, and advocated the way of doing nothing. However, in the face of the chaotic situation at home and abroad, Jingdi vaguely felt that the learning of Huang Lao, which ruled by doing nothing, could no longer meet the needs of national development. He was far-sighted and began to place his hopes on Confucianism. Therefore, he decided to choose Wei Wan, who is well-versed in Chinese and Western culture and has a good character, as the teacher of Che. Later practice proved that this decision was very correct.

Liu Che is a diligent and enterprising Crown Prince. He has a wide range of interests. Learn from Huang Lao, Confucianism, tune the silk and bamboo, write lyrics and dance swords. He is open-minded and has made many good friends. As a crown prince, he usually learns how his father manages politics and pays attention to observing the words and deeds of ministers. He made comprehensive preparations for the smooth succession in the future. In BC 14 1 year, he was 16 years old, and Emperor Jing held a grand coronation ceremony for him. The coronation ceremony showed that the Crown Prince was qualified and capable of taking power independently. Unexpectedly, after the coronation ceremony, Jingdi suddenly became seriously ill and died. On this day, Prince Che ascended the throne and became the reign of Emperor Wu.

/kloc-the 0/6-year-old son of heaven is ambitious and wants to serve the country and show his talents. Emperor Wu has a clear idea. He knows very well that if he wants to govern the country well, he must choose talents and appoint people. The first thing he did after he ascended the throne was to send letters to the sages. The news spread all over the country, and the students at home were very excited. Or recommended, or recommended, sages from all over the country gathered in Beijing. Emperor Wu attached great importance to it, giving questions in person, marking papers in person and interviewing in person. He selected a large number of talents from it. One thing that needs special mention is that he chose a top Confucian master Dong Zhongshu.

Dong Zhongshu has been familiar with Confucian classics since childhood. It is said that he didn't go out for three years in order to study hard, so he didn't know anything about spring, summer, autumn and winter. Emperor Wu knew his name for a long time, and this time he looked at his papers and was awed by his amazing arguments, rigorous logic and beautiful language. In his examination paper, he approved the four characters of "the head of a good man" and ordered Dong Zhongshu to go to the palace to give a face-to-face lecture, that is, an interview with the son of heaven.

On the day of politics, Liang Wudi asked three questions about heaven, human life and chaos control, and Dong Zhongshu calmly answered them one by one, which was known as the "Three Strategies for Heaven and Man". The "three strategies of heaven and man" mainly means that the monarch is ordered by heaven and must chase after it. Heaven is the way to make the country move towards great governance. Confucianism's benevolence, righteousness, rites and music is a concrete method to promote heaven. The key to national chaos lies in the monarch. The first task of a monarch is to choose people. With the right people and the right methods, this country will be governed. On the contrary, the country will be in chaos. He suggested "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone".

The inspiration of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came from his great theory that the divine monarch ruled the whole country. He wants to govern the country with Confucianism. Later, at the suggestion of Wei Wan, his teacher and prime minister, and with the approval of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" became the guiding ideology of the New Deal of the Han Dynasty.

The people are the basis for implementing the New Deal. In order to select a bachelor who is familiar with Confucianism, Emperor Wu thought of many ways. There are officials, emperors, letters of recommendation and imperial academy. Emperor Wu chooses people, regardless of family background or seniority. This has enabled many talented people to be reused. This played a key role in the implementation of the New Deal of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered the revision of the Han law and strict management of officials at all levels. Reward those who make meritorious deeds and punish those who make mistakes.

In order to weaken the influence of the vassal state, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty carried out the "favor decree". Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, practiced the system of combining the enfeoffment system of Zhou Dynasty with the county system of Qin Dynasty. In addition to 15 county, nine vassal States were established. The vassals who sealed the country are very powerful. They have administrative power, financial power and even some military power in their own country. They gradually became independent. When we arrived at Jingdi, the seven countries of Wu Chu finally rebelled. Although the rebellion was suppressed, the powerful forces of the vassal States were a heart disease after all. Emperor Wu wants to solve this problem.

Minister Zhu suggested that a "favor order" be implemented. Its main content is that in vassal states, although there are dozens of princes, only the eldest son can inherit the throne. Now it is ordered that every vassal can enfeoffment the prince of his own country with his own territory. In this way, a big vassal state naturally breaks down into dozens of small countries. On the surface, it is beneficial to them, but actually it weakens their power. The implementation of this policy has greatly strengthened centralization.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the suggestion of Minister Sang Hongyang and decided to unify the currency. Ordered the cancellation of the county's coinage right, and all the old coins in the county were recovered and destroyed. The right to coin belongs to the central government, and the five baht are issued uniformly. This move effectively promoted the economic development of the Han Dynasty.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reused generals Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, and fought back against the Huns for three times, winning a decisive victory. The Xiongnu in Saibei, which had been strong for nearly a hundred years, gradually declined. There was no war on the northern border of Han Dynasty 10 for many years.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions twice. Zhang Qian, which starts from Chang 'an in the east, passes through Hexi Corridor and Tarim Basin, passes through Pamirs, leads to Central Asia and West Asia, and reaches the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the west. It is a large passage running through the Eurasian continent, stretching for more than 1000 kilometers, and is later called "Silk Road". The opening of this great channel is of great significance to the economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West and the formation of a multi-ethnic country in China.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died in 87 BC.

Santaizong

Emperor Taizong was named Li Shimin. He was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Born in 599, died in 649, died at the age of 50. When he 18 years old, he and his father Li Yuan fought against the cruel emperor Yang Di. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he followed his father into Chang 'an, the capital of the Sui Dynasty, and destroyed the Sui Dynasty to establish the Tang Dynasty. Tang Gaozu acceded to the throne, is Tang Gaozu. Li Shimin was made King of Qin, his younger brother Li Jianmin was made Prince, and his younger brother Li Yuanji was made King of Qi. At the age of 27, he launched the Xuanwu Gate rebellion, killing his younger brother Li Jianmin and his younger brother Li Yuanji. Tang Gaozu abdicated as the emperor's father. Li Shimin acceded to the throne as emperor, that is, Emperor Taizong. Year number Zhenguan.

Emperor Taizong was a famous emperor and a very successful politician in the history of China. He is a wise monarch who manages the world. He manages the country well mainly because he is good at listening to different opinions. He knows that listening is clear and listening is dark. A wise king will listen to both opinions, but a bad king will believe them. This is what Minister Wei Zhi told him. Once, Emperor Taizong humbly asked Wei Zhi, "How can we distinguish a wise king from a fatuous king?" ? Wei Zhi solemnly replied that the monarch was enlightened because he could listen to different opinions widely; The monarch is fatuous because he is partial to hearing and partial to believing. After saying this, he cited both positive and negative examples in history to prove it. He said that Yao and Shun were sages in ancient times, because they could speak freely and listen to different opinions, so the villain could not deceive him. Bad kings like Qin Ershi, Liang Wudi and Yang Di live in the palace, isolating courtiers and alienating the people, unable to hear the real voice of the people. Until the world collapsed and the people betrayed, they were still ignorant. Take the advice of the liegeman and the people's voice will be heard. This wise saying of Wei Zhi is deeply engraved in the heart of Emperor Taizong.

From then on, Emperor Taizong paid special attention to coachable's modesty. He doesn't care who you are or what your attitude is. As long as your opinion is correct, he can accept it with an open mind. Here is a true story of "the power to save the sky". At that time, Emperor Taizong ordered the dilapidated Gan Yuan Temple to be decorated for visiting foreign palaces. It is a piece of cake for the emperor to build a small palace.

However, a small official, Zhang, who attended the memorial ceremony, complained that the move was inappropriate. He said that after the completion of Epang Palace, the Qin Dynasty perished; After Zhang Huatai was repaired, the State of Chu was scattered; When the Gan Yuan Temple was built, the Sui Dynasty collapsed. These are all lessons from history. Now in the Tang Dynasty, everything is in ruins. Where is our national strength comparable to that of the Sui Dynasty? Your Majesty continued to serve the people suffering from war in the chaos of national destruction and death, spending hundreds of millions of dollars to build large-scale projects. Your majesty did not inherit the advantages of the former emperor, but inherited the shortcomings of the hundred emperors. From this point of view, your majesty's fault far exceeds that of Emperor Yang Di. This is a commemoration of hitting the key with a sharp pen.

However, Zhang, a little boy, dared to compare the wise emperor Taizong with the fatuous tyrant and offended Tianwei. Isn't this throwing eggs at a stone? The man Wu is sweating for him. People are watching the reaction of Emperor Taizong. If it were not Emperor Taizong, but other emperors, they would immediately go on the rampage when they saw this disrespectful memorial, not only Zhang's head fell to the ground, but also nine families were implicated. However, Emperor Taizong is Emperor Taizong. Instead of blaming Zhang, he ordered him to be summoned. At this time, Emperor Taizong wanted to further test Zhang's courage, so he asked, Qing said I was not as good as the emperor. So, how do I compare with Xia Jie and Shang Zhou? You know, Wang Jie in Xia Dynasty and Zhou Wang in Shang Dynasty were notorious tyrants in history. Emperor Taizong asked this question with profound meaning. Without thinking about it, Zhang replied bluntly that if your majesty really built a temple, it would be as confused as Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

Hearing this answer, Emperor Taizong was not angry, but was deeply moved. He thought, a small official, dare to die unsatisfied, for what, not just for the country? Therefore, Emperor Taizong withdrew his letters and stopped rebuilding Gan Yuan Palace. He praised Zhang and gave him 500 silks. Wei Zhi, who has been paying attention to this matter, heard this happy ending and sighed deeply, saying that the reason why Zhang Gong's Theory of Things has the power to save the world is because of a word said by a noble gentleman! The true story of "the power to return to heaven" fully illustrates the modesty and eagerness of Emperor Taizong.

Another advantage of Emperor Taizong is that mistakes must be corrected. Once, he got a delicate kite. At that time, he forgot Wei Zhi's usual saying that the monarch should not be tired of playing with things, so he put a kite on his arm with great interest and made fun of it. Unexpectedly, I met the old minister Wei Zhi. Taizong hurriedly hid the kite in his arms. In fact, Wei Zhi has seen everything, but pretended not to know. One step forward, he deliberately talked about the pursuit of pleasure by ancient emperors, alluding to things that emperors could not play with. Emperor Taizong was worried for a long time, and the kite choked to death. However, Wei Zhi gushed, and Emperor Taizong knew that he was indefensible and dared not interrupt. As a result, the kite still suffocated in her arms.

Emperor Taizong knew his mistakes and corrected them. He was kind and ambitious. On ethnic policy, he regarded ethnic minorities and Han nationality as one family and adopted a correct policy of appeasement and being close to the people. Ethnic minorities fully believe in the policies and measures of Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong had a great centripetal force, and they kept coming and going, honoring him as "Tiankhan".

Emperor Taizong married Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gambu, the king of Tubo. This is a great event in the history of Sino-Tibetan ethnic relations. As a dowry, Princess Wencheng brought a lot of treasures, classics, medical books, jewels, gold and silver, gold saddles, ornaments, brocade, medicines, food, drinks, seeds, trees, lions, phoenixes and so on. Princess Wencheng brought the advanced civilization of the Central Plains. Songzan Gambu is very satisfied with this marriage. He claimed to be the son-in-law of Emperor Taizong and congratulated him on the success of his expedition. This marriage strengthened the unity of the Han and Tibetan nationalities and promoted the economic development of Tibet.

The economy, politics and culture in the period of Emperor Taizong got unprecedented development because of proper employment, correct policies, light taxes and light penalties.

During the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong, the politics was clear, the economy was prosperous, the society was stable and the culture was prosperous, which was called "Zhenguan rule" in history.

There were 24 emperors in the Tang Dynasty. The following is the Song Dynasty.

Four Song Taizu.

Song Taizu, his name is Zhao Kuangyin. He was the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty. Born in 927, died in 976 and lived for 49 years. In 960, at the age of 34, he became emperor. He has been in office for nearly 16 years. He was a very successful emperor.

The acquisition of Song Taizu's throne has its particularity. His throne was not inherited or seized by an uprising, but by a coup launched by another surname. This coup is the famous "Chen Qiao mutiny" in history. Zhao Kuangyin was an important official in the late Zhou Dynasty during the Five Dynasties, who held the military and political power of the imperial court. After Zhou Shizong died, the 7-year-old child succeeded to the throne. The following year, it was widely rumored in Kaifeng, the capital of China, that the northern Khitan invaded the border. General Zhao Kuangyin was ordered to lead his soldiers out of the city to defend against the enemy. The army stopped at Chen Qiaoyi, 40 miles northeast of Kaifeng, and was stationed here that night. After his careful planning, the next day, the officers and men dressed him in a yellow robe symbolizing the emperor and elected him as the emperor. He became emperor in this way. "Chen Qiao mutiny" is a bloodless mutiny. There is no right or wrong in itself, mainly depending on whether Song Taizu's actions are conducive to the development of history.

Song Taizu's greatest historical contribution is to end the separatist regime for more than 200 years since the An Shi Rebellion. So as to achieve national unity. This is what people want and what people expect. In order to achieve national reunification, he was far-sighted and took many effective measures.

In order to strengthen centralization, he quietly played a trick of "relieving soldiers with a glass of wine".

This should start with the separatist regime in the Tang Dynasty. The appearance of buffer zone is related to the setting of our times. In the Tang Dynasty, we first set up our envoys in the border areas. We have great power, holding the military and political power of each state. Immediately after the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty awarded the title of our time to the surrendered rebels, and still let them command the old headquarters and stay in place. Their territory gradually became an independent small kingdom, known as the buffer zone.

The power of the buffer region is growing, and it does not listen to the central command and acts in its own way. This is that "the separatist regime of the buffer region" began in Tang Daizong time [762]. Since then, China has been divided for more than 200 years. This split situation is all because our time is used to monopolize power, which leads to the separatist regime in the buffer region. After Zhao Kuangyin acceded to the throne, he had a talk with politician Zhao Pu. He asked modestly, I want to pacify the endless wars in the world. Do you have any good ideas? Zhao Pu sincerely replied, there is a good way, that is, when the other town, gradually cut off their power, limit their money and grain, and take back their chosen men. I might as well study for ten years if I listen to you. Song Taizu was suddenly enlightened.

"Freeing soldiers' rights with a glass of wine" was his first step. One day, he hosted a banquet for several important officials. When the wine is hot, he said that life is nothing more than enjoying prosperity and letting future generations live a good life. Why not hand over the military power, buy a farmhouse, eat, drink and be merry, and live in old age? Hearing this, the ministers all understood. The next day, they all surrendered the relieving honestly. Song Taizu awarded them high officials and generous salaries, and let them live in the meat forest of the wine pool. In this way, Song Taizu recovered the relieving without firing a shot.

In order to make military power highly centralized, Song Taizu has created a set of effective "more defensive laws". The so-called "multi-garrison law" means that the imperial army of the central government should be stationed in various places in turn on schedule. Generals should also change frequently, so that "soldiers are impermanent and handsome, and handsome soldiers are impermanent." This has created a situation that "the soldiers are impermanent and will be impermanent". The estrangement between the general and the soldiers is conducive to preventing the army from mutiny. History has proved that this method is a successful measure to prevent warlords from becoming independent.

In view of the surrounding situation at that time, Song Taizu put forward the strategic policy of "south first and then north" to unify the whole country. South refers to the separatist regimes such as Jinghu, Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang. Zhao Kuangyin has adopted the policy of combining rigidity with softness, and achieved remarkable results. He implemented the strategy of divide and rule, quickly eliminated several small imperial courts and realized the unification of the south. As for the surrendered monarchs, they all nominally sealed senior officials to enjoy prosperity. In exchange, it is national unity and social stability.

Song Taizu was also an emperor who was good at being subdued. On one occasion, a courtier made great contributions and should be promoted and awarded an official position. However, Zhao Kuangyin just disdained him and refused to give him a promotion. Zhao Pu, the outspoken minister, continued to ask the emperor for approval to promote this person. Song Taizu thought, you are in charge of everything, and I just won't promise you this time. See what you do. He said to Zhao Pu a little defiantly, I just don't want to give him a promotion, so you have to leave! Zhao Pu unhurriedly replied that punishment is used to punish; Rewards are used to reward merit. This is the truth at all times and in all countries. Besides, punishment is a national punishment, not your personal punishment. How can we proceed from personal emotions and do whatever we want?

That is to say, your majesty, you should have principles and not be childish. Words, said Song Taizu self-knowledge indefensible, but have compassion, he didn't say a word, stood up and went back to the palace. However, Zhao Pu, who is stubborn, is in hot pursuit. When Song Taizu entered the palace, he stood outside the door and waited. Zhao Pu, out of public interest, is very reluctant to let go today without your approval. Song Taizu knew there was nothing he could do. He was wrong and granted his request.

Song Taizu has finally realized its desire for national reunification. It took him 16 years of hard war, fighting in the south and fighting in the north, to end the separatist situation of more than 200 years from the An-Shi Rebellion to the Ten-State War. This is an important contribution to the multi-ethnic country of China.

The Song Dynasty was followed by the Yuan Dynasty.

Five Yuan Taizu.

Yuan Taizu Temujin. He was the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Born in 1 162. 22-year-old, first called Khan, begging Khan in Mongolia. 1206, Temujin, 45, unified ministries and established Mongolia, and was honored as Genghis Khan. 1227, aged 66.

One of Genghis Khan's historical contributions is that thanks to his efforts, a new ethnic group, the Mongols, has formed in history. In the hundreds of years before him, there were many tribes on the Mongolian plateau, which did not belong to each other and did not form a unified nation.

Temujin means blacksmith. Temujin's father Ye Jie is the leader of a Mongolian tribe. Temujin's mother is Mrs. Moon Lun. When Temujin was 9 years old, his father was poisoned by Tata people. Temujin firmly remembered this. Also quickly dispersed, dispersed in succession. Mrs. Moon Lun and her sons were isolated and in trouble. And its opposite, Tai Chi Wu nobles, attacked them and abandoned them. Temujin brothers grew up in suffering. The nobles of Taichiwu thought Temujin was dangerous. They were afraid of him and wanted to get rid of him as soon as possible. They sent many soldiers to search for Temujin everywhere. Temujin hid in the forest for more than 10 days and finally escaped. The hard life of his youth tempered his will.

Temujin remembered his enemies, one was the Tatar who killed his father, and the other was the Taichiwu who harmed himself. In order to revenge, he thought of Khan of the United Front. This Khan was later called King Khan. They have a common foundation, that is, the Tata people are their enemies. And Temujin's father is also Khan's "an answer", which is an ally. But Kelie has a vast territory and many people, and Torihan is his father. If you want to form an alliance with others, you must be sincere and humble. At this time, Temujin already had the qualities of a politician. After careful consideration, he humbly said to Khan, "You are my father's old answer, just like my own father. I'll give you the mink coat my wife gave my uncle when I got married. " Then, respectfully present the leather coat. Khan looked at the mighty young people in front of him and was so respected that he was very happy and promised to accept them. Since then, Temujin has gradually embarked on the road of revitalization.

After the break-up, there were ups and downs with each other. After the recommendation of several tribes, Temujin became the Khan of the Mongolian begging department. This is the first time he has weighed the sweat. At the age of 22. At this time, in many ways, he has shown his leadership ability.

1202, the powerful Temujin wiped out the old enemy Tatars.

In the same year, the allied forces of Temujin and Wang Han defeated the allied forces of hostile departments.

1203, Temujin and Wang Han broke up. Subsequently, Temujin destroyed Wang Han and Ke Lie. Wang Han's sphere of influence was all owned by Temujin, who became the most powerful force in the Mongolian Plateau. From then on, Temujin's army was invincible and wiped out Sun Han's Naiman department. In this way, Temujin conquered almost the entire vast Mongolian plateau. So, 1206, Temujin once again said that he was sweating. Shaman wizards enter a title: "You are the supreme monarch, and the supreme Lord ordered you to adopt the title of Genghis Khan." Success means being strong and powerful. Genghis is the plural of this word. Genghis Khan is the supreme monarch or king of kings. "From then on, Temujin won this unique special title. At the same time, Great Mongolia was established. This marks the emergence of the Mongolian nation.

Genghis Khan's second contribution was to lay a solid foundation for the establishment of a unified Yuan Dynasty. The army continued to conquer, and he weakened the ruler and destroyed Xixia. After his death, his descendants continued his unfinished business. 1234, the rulers perished. 1279, the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Mongolian aristocrats established the vast Yuan Dynasty. Thus ending the chaotic situation of separatist regime in the late Tang Dynasty.

Genghis Khan also led a 200,000-strong army on a barbaric expedition to the west, passing through Central Asia and West Asia and reaching the Caspian Sea in Europe as far as possible. It has brought great disasters to the local people. This kind of behavior should be completely denied.

Genghis Khan is indeed a "romantic generation" who only knows how to bow, attack and shoot eagles.

Six Ming Taizu.

Ming Taizu, Zhu Yuanzhang. Born in 1328, died in 1398 at the age of 7 1. 17 years old, became a monk. 25 years old, joined the rebels. At the age of 37, he became king of Wu. 4 1 year-old, proclaimed himself emperor, named Ming Taizu. Country name Daming. During the reign of 3 1 year, the Ming dynasty started by him lasted for 276 years.

Zhu Yuanzhang was the founding monarch of the Ming Dynasty. He is the only founding emperor in the history of China who was born in a poor peasant.

His adolescence is full of mysterious legends. His father, Zhu * *, is an out-and-out poor farmer. Zhu Yuanzhang has three brothers and two sisters. Zhu lives by renting the landlord's fields. A family of eight