Select a world cultural heritage (or world natural cultural heritage) and a world intangible cultural heritage, and expound its resources, characteristics and world status.

Yungang Grottoes 1 In order to protect the world cultural and natural heritage, UNESCO officially adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in June 2006 1972+065438+ 10/June 6. 1976, the World Heritage Committee was established and the World Heritage List was established. China joined the Convention on February 1985 and February 12, and was elected as a member of the World Heritage Committee on October 29th.

Places listed on the World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee will become world-class scenic spots, which can receive assistance from the World Heritage Fund or organize tourists to visit. Because the places listed in the World Heritage List can get the world's attention and protection, improve their popularity and produce considerable economic and social benefits, all countries actively declare "World Heritage".

As more and more countries and projects declare "World Heritage", there are 37 projects. At the 26th meeting of the World Heritage Committee held on April 28th, 2002, it was decided that in the future, the examination and approval conditions for world heritage will be stricter, and a country can declare at most two heritages at a time (including at least one nomination for natural heritage), and countries without world heritage will enjoy priority. World heritage includes four categories: world cultural heritage, world natural heritage, double heritage of world culture and nature, and world cultural landscape.

[Edit this paragraph] Heritage nomination

The State Party shall make every effort to submit to the World Heritage Committee a list of heritage sites within its territory suitable for inclusion in the World Heritage List and relevant information. The Heritage Committee entrusts the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to evaluate the nominated cultural heritage and natural heritage respectively, and evaluate the cultural attractions in the cultural heritage together to determine whether they meet the standards and authenticity conditions, and provide the final evaluation report. The Heritage Committee stipulated that the assessment should be as rigorous as possible. It also stipulates that when the Heritage Committee evaluates whether the nomination can be included in the World Heritage List, representatives of the nominating government, whether they are members of the Committee or not, shall not vote in favour of the heritage nominated by their own countries.

Heritage nomination adopts the form formulated by the Committee, which requires a number of contents, mainly including the following:

First, the exact location: country; Provinces and cities; The name of the estate; Maps and floor plans indicating the location and geographical coordinates of the heritage.

Second, legal information: the owner of the heritage, public or private, laws and regulations related to the protection and management of this heritage, openness, management institutions and organizations.

3. Explanatory materials: heritage descriptions and charts, photos, film materials, historical information and literature materials.

Iv. Preservation status: description of the current situation, protection management institutions, previous preservation processes, protection measures and local opening plans.

Fifth, put forward the reasons for listing: what standards are met, and evaluate the protection status and the authenticity of the heritage on the premise of comparing with other similar sites.

Sixth, the special materials needed for nominating buildings or sites: maps, topographic maps and floor plans with different contents and scales, various photos, slides and CDs, works related to the research results of this heritage and information of relevant institutions, legal information on protection, and information of management institutions at all levels.

[Edit this paragraph] Procedure and status quo

It takes a long time for a heritage to be nominated to be included in the World Heritage List. Before July 1 every year, the World Heritage Committee will send to the World Heritage Center the official declaration text (including words, drawings, slides, photos, videos or CDs) of the preparatory projects that it considers fully mature according to the strict format and content stipulated in the Uniform Regulations. The World Heritage Center will transfer the relevant materials to international professional consulting institutions, which will conduct investigation and demonstration from the end of the current year to March and April of the following year, and submit an evaluation report to the World Heritage Committee. The World Heritage Committee holds a meeting of its Presidium (seven member countries) from the end of June to the beginning of July every year to preliminarily consider matters related to world heritage work, including new (last year's) world heritage application projects, and make suggestions; Then a special meeting of the presidium will be held from the end of June 165438+ to the beginning of February 65438+ every year to supplement the unfinished matters of the first presidium meeting, and then relevant major matters, including the approval of new World Heritage application projects, will be submitted to the plenary meeting of the World Heritage Committee immediately after the presidium meeting for adoption.

The procedures and timetable for processing applications are as follows: July 1 day, and the deadline for accepting nomination applications. On September 15, the Secretariat registered and asked for the missing materials. Applications with complete materials will be submitted to the International Council of Monuments and Sites or the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, who will check again and ask for the missing materials. Before April of 1 year, the two organizations conducted a professional evaluation according to the standards set by the Committee and informed the secretariat of the results. There are three results: they recommend inclusion in the list without reservation; Suggest not to be included in the list; It is not clear whether it is suitable for inclusion in the list. In April, the secretariat checked the evaluation results and informed the members of the Committee. In June and July, the Office of the Heritage Committee reviewed the nomination application and made recommendations to the Committee. There are four suggestions: include it without reservation; Not included; Send back supplementary explanations and materials to the applicant country; The experiment was postponed for further evaluation or research. From July to June, the Secretariat sent the suggestions of the Office to all member governments of the Heritage Committee and other interested governments. If it is suggested to be included in the list, the secretariat will wait for feedback from countries and then forward it to the member countries of the International Council of Monuments and Sites, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the Heritage Committee. If the required information is not received before June 1, the nomination will not be considered at the Committee meeting in February of that year. For the heritage that needs supplementary materials, if it is only the materials to check the facts, it will be reconsidered in the same year. In February, 65438, the World Heritage Committee held a plenary meeting to review the nominations on the basis of the suggestions of the Committee Office, the supplementary information provided by relevant countries and the evaluation reports of the International Council of Monuments and Sites and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Finally, it passed a decision, and there are three kinds of decisions: tolerance; Not included; Postpone the review. In June+10, 5438, the Secretariat sent all the decisions of the World Heritage Committee meeting in February+65438 to all governments. At this point, a round of declaration work is completed. In other words, it will take at least 1.5 years to declare a new world heritage.

The World Heritage Committee confirmed the first batch of 12 World Heritage Sites in the World Heritage List in 1978. Since then, new heritages have been included every year or every two years. The secretariat of the Heritage Committee, composed of officials in charge of UNESCO's heritage protection plan, has also started work. Starting from 1978, the Heritage Committee will consider the nomination of heritage every year. By the end of 2007, there were 85 1 world heritages, including 660 cultural heritages, 66 natural heritages, and 25 dual world cultural heritages and natural heritages [1].

1972 101October 17 to101October 210, the 1st UNESCO General Conference was held in Paris and adopted.

1. Cultural relics: buildings, stone carvings and paintings, archaeological elements or structures, inscriptions, caves and complexes with outstanding universal value from the perspective of history, art or science;

2. Architecture: from the historical, artistic or scientific point of view, single or conjoined buildings with outstanding universal value in the unified distribution of architectural styles or the combination with environmental scenery;

3. Sites: from the perspective of history, aesthetics, ethnology or anthropology, human projects or joint projects between nature and people, archaeological sites and other places with outstanding universal value.

1992, the World Heritage Headquarters was established in Paris, with the purpose of coordinating the activities related to the World Heritage, ensuring the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, holding a World Heritage Conference every year, suggesting signatory countries to submit a declaration list, organizing the international participation of the World Heritage Foundation, reporting the current situation of the Heritage Site, and taking urgent actions when the Heritage is threatened.

[Edit this paragraph] China 38 World Heritage List

As of June 2009, 38 cultural sites and natural landscapes in China have been listed in the World Heritage List, including 25 cultural heritages, 8 natural heritages, 4 dual cultural and natural heritages, and 1 cultural landscape.

1, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site 1987.438+02 Cultural Heritage

Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site is located in Longgushan, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan District, Beijing. It is famous for the relatively complete Peking man fossils unearthed in the 1920s, especially the first Peking man skull discovered in 1929, which provided a solid foundation for the existence of Peking man and became a milestone in the history of ancient human research. So far, human fossils unearthed include 6 skulls, 15 mandibles, 157 teeth and a large number of bone fragments, representing about 40 Peking man individuals. It provides a material basis for studying the early biological evolution and early cultural development of human beings.

According to the study of cultural deposits, Beijingers lived 700,000-200,000 years ago. The average brain capacity of Beijingers is 1088 ml (modern brain capacity is 1400), and the estimated height of Beijingers is 156 cm (male) and 150 cm (female). Beijingers belong to the Stone Age, and the main method of processing stone tools is hammering, followed by smashing and occasionally anvil striking. Beijingers were also the earliest ancient humans who used fire and hunted large animals. According to statistics, 68.2% of Beijingers 14 years old died, and less than 4.5% were over 50 years old.

At the top of 1930 Gulong Mountain, an ancient human fossil, named "Neanderthal", which lived about 20,000 years ago, was excavated. 1973, a "new caveman" was found in two years, which indicates the continuation and development of Beijingers.

2. 1987+02 Cultural Heritage of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province

Commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Cave. Located on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, it has five floors up and down and is about 1600 meters long from north to south. It was first excavated in 366 AD, and after sixteen countries and more than ten generations in Yuan Dynasty, a large cave group with rich contents was formed. There are 492 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals, more than 2,400 colored sculptures, more than 4,000 flying figures, 5 wooden buildings in Tang and Song Dynasties and thousands of lotus columns and tiles. It is a profound comprehensive art hall composed of architecture, painting and sculpture. It is the largest and best-preserved treasure house of Buddhist art in the world and is known as the "Pearl of Oriental Art". At the beginning of this century, the Tibetan Sutra Cave (CaveNo. 17 of Mogao Grottoes) was discovered, which contained 50,000 to 60,000 scriptures, documents and cultural relics from the 4th century to the10th century. It has aroused great concern of scholars at home and abroad and formed the famous Dunhuang studies.

3. Shandong Taishan 1987. 12 Dual Heritage of Culture and Nature.

Mount Tai, called Daishan in ancient times, is also called Daizong. The natural landscape is magnificent, and thousands of years of spiritual and cultural infiltration and rendering and humanistic landscape contrast are known as the epitome of Chinese national spiritual culture. 1987, declared as a world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO.

When world heritage experts visited Mount Tai, they found that Mount Tai not only has outstanding universal natural science value, but also has outstanding universal aesthetic value and historical and cultural value. It is a magical mountain that combines natural science and historical and cultural values.

4. The Great Wall 1987. 12 Cultural Heritage

The Great Wall in China is the greatest construction project in the history of human civilization. It was built more than 2000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, it became the Great Wall of Wan Li. Large-scale construction in hamming period. The vastness of its project and the grandeur of its momentum can be called a miracle of the world. As time went on, things changed. Now, when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majestic posture of the Great Wall among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history.

From June 5438 to October 2002 10, Jiumenkou Great Wall, the only great water wall in China, passed the acceptance of UNESCO and was officially listed as a part of the Great Wall and became a world cultural heritage.

5. Shaanxi Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors 1987.38+02 Cultural Heritage

Located 5 kilometers east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, and 36 kilometers away from Xi, it is the mausoleum of Ying Zheng, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. The mausoleum is divided into two parts: the tomb area and the burial area. Covering an area of nearly 8 square kilometers, the cemetery has the dual functions of an outer city and an inner city building. It is a quadrangular conical enclosure with a slightly flat top and a height of 55 meters. It is not only the first imperial mausoleum in the history of China, but also the largest imperial mausoleum.

Since 1974, three burial pits of terracotta warriors and horses have been found at 1.5 km east of the cemetery, with 8,000 terracotta figures unearthed, 0/00 chariots and tens of thousands of physical weapons. 1980, large bronze chariots and horses were unearthed on the west side of the cemetery. It has aroused the shock and concern of the whole world and is known as "the eighth wonder of the world". At present, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum has been set up in pits 1, 2 and 3, and is open to the public.

6. Imperial Palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties: Beijing Imperial Palace (Beijing) 1987. 12, Shenyang Imperial Palace (Liaoning) 2004.7 cultural heritage.

Also known as the Forbidden City, located in the center of Beijing, it is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing dynasties, where 24 emperors successively ascended the throne. Founded in 1406, it has been nearly 600 years. The Forbidden City is the largest and most well-preserved ancient wooden structure complex in the world, covering an area of 720,000 square meters and a construction area of about 6,543,800+0.5 million square meters. It has more than 9,000 halls, among which the Hall of Supreme Harmony (also known as the Hall of Golden Throwing) is the place where the emperor held ceremonies such as enthronement, birthday celebration and invasion of the DPRK. The Yellow Tile Red Wall, Hsi Chin, White Jade Carved Columns and Palace Que of the Forbidden City overlap, which are the essence of ancient architecture in China. There are about 6,543,800 pieces of precious cultural relics and artworks in the palace.

In July, 2004, Shenyang Forbidden City was listed in the World Heritage List as an extension project of the palace cultural heritage of Ming and Qing Dynasties.

7. Anhui Huangshan 1990. 12 dual heritage of culture and nature.

Huangshan Mountain is one of the most famous scenic spots in China. The mountains are majestic, the rocks are exquisite and varied. The elevation of Lotus Peak, the main peak, is1860m. The beauty of Huangshan lies in the "four wonders" of strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs. Since ancient times, people who have visited famous mountains think that the beauty of Huangshan Mountain is no less than the Five Mountains. "Wuyue returns without looking at the mountains, and Huangshan returns without looking at the mountains." "It's amazing to let him come back from the Five Mountains." Tourists in the past dynasties praised "Huangshan Mountain is the best scenery in the world", which means the majestic Tai Dai, the precipitous Huashan Mountain, the misty clouds in Heng Yue, the waterfalls in Kuanglu, the strange rocks in the wild geese, the coolness of Emei and the combination of Huangshan Mountain. Huangshan is a scenic spot, with peaks as the body. There are Lin Ruhai peaks, skyscrapers, steep cliffs and valleys, which are beautiful.

8. Sichuan Huanglong National Scenic Area 1992 438+02 Natural Heritage

Huanglong Scenic Area is located in Songpan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It covers an area of 700 square kilometers. The main landscape is concentrated in Huanglonggou, which is about 3.6 kilometers long. The ditch is covered with calcium carbonate deposits, which are arranged in a ladder shape, like a golden dragon, accompanied by snow-capped mountains, waterfalls, virgin forests, canyons and other landscapes. Huanglong Scenic Area is famous for its unique karst landscape and rich animal and plant resources. From the bottom of Huanglonggou (2000 meters above sea level) to the top of the mountain (3800 meters above sea level), there are subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous mixed forest, subalpine coniferous forest, alpine shrub meadow and so on. Giant pandas, golden monkeys and other 10 kinds of precious animals roam among them, making the special karst landform of Huanglong Scenic Area intertwined with rare animal and plant resources, which is natural. It enjoys the reputation of "the wonder of the world" and "the jade pool on earth" with its majestic, spectacular and wild scenery characteristics.

9. Wulingyuan National Scenic Area 1992+02 Natural Heritage

Wulingyuan Scenic Area is located in Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province. With a total area of 369 square kilometers, it consists of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Suoxiyu, Tianzishan and Yang Jiajie. The main landscape is seasonal sandstone peak forest landform, and there are 3 103 strange peaks in the territory, which are spectacular in different postures. In addition, ravines are criss-crossed, streams are densely covered, forests are dense and inaccessible, the forest coverage rate reaches 85%, the vegetation coverage rate reaches 99%, there are more than 3,000 kinds of middle and higher plants, more than 700 kinds of trees and as many as 450 kinds of ornamental garden flowers. 50 families 1 16 species of terrestrial vertebrates. The underground caves in the area are beaded with jade, and the proven Huanglong Cave has a total area of 654.38+ 10,000 square meters, a total length of 7.5 kilometers and a vertical height of 654.38+040 meters. It is a part of Wulingyuan in Zhangjiajie, a world geopark and the first batch of national 5A tourist areas. Wulingyuan is famous for its "five wonders" of peaks, rocks, valleys, water and caves.

10, Jiuzhaigou National Scenic Area in Sichuan 1992.438+02 Natural Heritage

Jiuzhaigou, famous for its fairy tale world and fairyland on earth, is located in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, northwest Sichuan Province, on the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, at east longitude103 46'-104 4' and north latitude 32 51'-3319'.

1 1, Wudang Mountain Ancient Architecture Complex in Hubei 1994. 12 Cultural Heritage

Wudang Mountain, with majestic peaks and beautiful scenery, stands in Shiyan City, a mountain city in the west of China, with east longitude 1 100 and north latitude 320. The scenic spot "stretches for 800 miles". In ancient times, Wudang Mountain became a "sacred mountain" worshipped by people for thousands of years with its outstanding position of "unparalleled scenery in ancient times and the first fairy mountain in the world". Contemporary the State Council boasts that Wudang Mountain's ancient buildings are ingeniously combined with the natural environment, which has achieved the artistic conception of "Xianshan Qiongge" and become a famous tourist attraction and religious activity place in China.

12, Cultural Heritage of Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest in Qufu, Shandong Province 1994.438+02

Qufu Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest are located in Qufu City, Shandong Province, where China commemorates Confucius.

Respondent: VIP Money-Level 1 2009-11-2711:34.

Yungang Grottoes 1 In order to protect the world cultural and natural heritage, UNESCO officially adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in June 2006 1972+065438+ 10/June 6. 1976, the World Heritage Committee was established and the World Heritage List was established. China joined the Convention on February 1985 and February 12, and was elected as a member of the World Heritage Committee on October 29th.

Places listed on the World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee will become world-class scenic spots, which can receive assistance from the World Heritage Fund or organize tourists to visit. Because the places listed in the World Heritage List can get the world's attention and protection, improve their popularity and produce considerable economic and social benefits, all countries actively declare "World Heritage".

As more and more countries and projects declare "World Heritage", there are 37 projects. At the 26th meeting of the World Heritage Committee held on April 28th, 2002, it was decided that in the future, the examination and approval conditions for world heritage will be stricter, and a country can declare at most two heritages at a time (including at least one nomination for natural heritage), and countries without world heritage will enjoy priority. World heritage includes four categories: world cultural heritage, world natural heritage, double heritage of world culture and nature, and world cultural landscape.

[Edit this paragraph] Heritage nomination

The State Party shall make every effort to submit to the World Heritage Committee a list of heritage sites within its territory suitable for inclusion in the World Heritage List and relevant information. The Heritage Committee entrusts the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to evaluate the nominated cultural heritage and natural heritage respectively, and evaluate the cultural attractions in the cultural heritage together to determine whether they meet the standards and authenticity conditions, and provide the final evaluation report. The Heritage Committee stipulated that the assessment should be as rigorous as possible. It also stipulates that when the Heritage Committee evaluates whether the nomination can be included in the World Heritage List, representatives of the nominating government, whether they are members of the Committee or not, shall not vote in favour of the heritage nominated by their own countries.

Heritage nomination adopts the form formulated by the Committee, which requires a number of contents, mainly including the following:

First, the exact location: country; Provinces and cities; The name of the estate; Maps and floor plans indicating the location and geographical coordinates of the heritage.

Second, legal information: the owner of the heritage, public or private, laws and regulations related to the protection and management of this heritage, openness, management institutions and organizations.

3. Explanatory materials: heritage descriptions and charts, photos, film materials, historical information and literature materials.

Iv. Preservation status: description of the current situation, protection management institutions, previous preservation processes, protection measures and local opening plans.

Fifth, put forward the reasons for listing: what standards are met, and evaluate the protection status and the authenticity of the heritage on the premise of comparing with other similar sites.

Sixth, the special materials needed for nominating buildings or sites: maps, topographic maps and floor plans with different contents and scales, various photos, slides and CDs, works related to the research results of this heritage and information of relevant institutions, legal information on protection, and information of management institutions at all levels.

[Edit this paragraph] Procedure and status quo

It takes a long time for a heritage to be nominated to be included in the World Heritage List. Before July 1 every year, the World Heritage Committee will send to the World Heritage Center the official declaration text (including words, drawings, slides, photos, videos or CDs) of the preparatory projects that it considers fully mature according to the strict format and content stipulated in the Uniform Regulations. The World Heritage Center will hand over relevant materials to international professional consulting institutions, which will conduct investigation and demonstration from the end of the current year to March and April of the following year, and submit an evaluation report to the World Heritage Committee. The World Heritage Committee holds a meeting of its Presidium (seven member countries) from the end of June to the beginning of July every year to preliminarily consider matters related to world heritage work, including new (last year's) world heritage application projects, and make suggestions; Then a special meeting of the presidium will be held from the end of June 165438+ to the beginning of February 65438+ every year to supplement the unfinished matters of the first presidium meeting, and then relevant major matters, including the approval of new World Heritage application projects, will be submitted to the plenary meeting of the World Heritage Committee immediately after the presidium meeting for adoption.

The procedures and timetable for processing applications are as follows: July 1 day, and the deadline for accepting nomination applications. On September 15, the Secretariat registered and asked for the missing materials. Applications with complete materials will be submitted to the International Council of Monuments and Sites or the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, who will check again and ask for the missing materials. Before April of 1 year, the two organizations conducted a professional evaluation according to the standards set by the Committee and informed the secretariat of the results. There are three results: they recommend inclusion in the list without reservation; Suggest not to be included in the list; It is not clear whether it is suitable for inclusion in the list. In April, the secretariat checked the evaluation results and informed the members of the Committee. In June and July, the Office of the Heritage Committee reviewed the nomination application and made recommendations to the Committee. There are four suggestions: include it without reservation; Not included; Send back supplementary explanations and materials to the applicant country; The experiment was postponed for further evaluation or research. From July to June, the Secretariat sent the suggestions of the Office to all member governments of the Heritage Committee and other interested governments. If it is suggested to be included in the list, the secretariat will wait for feedback from countries and then forward it to the member countries of the International Council of Monuments and Sites, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the Heritage Committee. If the required information is not received before June 1, the nomination will not be considered at the Committee meeting in February of that year. For the heritage that needs supplementary materials, if it is only the materials to check the facts, it will be reconsidered in the same year. In February, 65438, the World Heritage Committee held a plenary meeting to review the nominations on the basis of the suggestions of the Committee Office, the supplementary information provided by relevant countries and the evaluation reports of the International Council of Monuments and Sites and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Finally, it passed a decision, and there are three kinds of decisions: tolerance; Not included; Postpone the review. In June+10, 5438, the Secretariat sent all the decisions of the World Heritage Committee meeting in February+65438 to all governments. At this point, a round of declaration work is completed. In other words, it will take at least 1.5 years to declare a new world heritage.

The World Heritage Committee confirmed the first batch of 12 World Heritage Sites in the World Heritage List in 1978. Since then, new heritages have been included every year or every two years. The secretariat of the Heritage Committee, composed of officials in charge of UNESCO's heritage protection plan, has also started work. Starting from 1978, the Heritage Committee will consider the nomination of heritage every year. By the end of 2007, there were 85 1 world heritages, including 660 cultural heritages, 66 natural heritages, and 25 dual world cultural heritages and natural heritages [1].

1972 101October 17 to101October 210, the 1st UNESCO General Conference was held in Paris and adopted.

1. Cultural relics: buildings, stone carvings and paintings, archaeological elements or structures, inscriptions, caves and complexes with outstanding universal value from the perspective of history, art or science;

2. Architecture: from the historical, artistic or scientific point of view, single or conjoined buildings with outstanding universal value in the unified distribution of architectural styles or the combination with environmental scenery;

3. Sites: from the perspective of history, aesthetics, ethnology or anthropology, human projects or joint projects between nature and people, archaeological sites and other places with outstanding universal value.

1992, the World Heritage Headquarters was established in Paris, with the purpose of coordinating the activities related to the World Heritage, ensuring the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, holding a World Heritage Conference every year, suggesting signatory countries to submit a declaration list, organizing the international participation of the World Heritage Foundation, reporting the current situation of the Heritage Site, and taking urgent actions when the Heritage is threatened.

[Edit this paragraph] China 38 World Heritage List

As of June 2009, 38 cultural sites and natural landscapes in China have been listed in the World Heritage List, including 25 cultural heritages, 8 natural heritages, 4 dual cultural and natural heritages, and 1 cultural landscape.

1, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site 1987.438+02 Cultural Heritage

Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site is located in Longgushan, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan District, Beijing. It is famous for the relatively complete Peking man fossils unearthed in the 1920s, especially the first Peking man skull discovered in 1929, which provided a solid foundation for the existence of Peking man and became a milestone in the history of ancient human research. So far, human fossils unearthed include 6 skulls, 15 mandibles, 157 teeth and a large number of bone fragments, representing about 40 Peking man individuals. It provides a material basis for studying the early biological evolution and early cultural development of human beings.

According to the study of cultural deposits, Beijingers lived 700,000-200,000 years ago. The average brain capacity of Beijingers is 1088 ml (modern brain capacity is 1400), and the estimated height of Beijingers is 156 cm (male) and 150 cm (female). Beijingers belong to the Stone Age, and the main method of processing stone tools is hammering, followed by smashing and occasionally anvil striking. Beijingers were also the earliest ancient humans who used fire and hunted large animals. According to statistics, 68.2% of Beijingers 14 years old died, and less than 4.5% were over 50 years old.

At the top of 1930 Gulong Mountain, an ancient human fossil, named "Neanderthal", which lived about 20,000 years ago, was excavated. 1973, a "new caveman" was found in two years, which indicates the continuation and development of Beijingers.

2. 1987+02 Cultural Heritage of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province

Commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Cave. Located on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, it has five floors up and down and is about 1600 meters long from north to south. It was first excavated in 366 AD, and after sixteen countries and more than ten generations in Yuan Dynasty, a large cave group with rich contents was formed. There are 492 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals, more than 2,400 colored sculptures, more than 4,000 flying figures, 5 wooden buildings in Tang and Song Dynasties and thousands of lotus columns and tiles. It is a profound comprehensive art hall composed of architecture, painting and sculpture. It is the largest and best-preserved treasure house of Buddhist art in the world and is known as the "Pearl of Oriental Art". At the beginning of this century, the Tibetan Sutra Cave (CaveNo. 17 of Mogao Grottoes) was discovered, which contained 50,000 to 60,000 scriptures, documents and cultural relics from the 4th century to the10th century. It has aroused great concern of scholars at home and abroad and formed the famous Dunhuang studies.

3. Shandong Taishan 1987. 12 Dual Heritage of Culture and Nature.

Mount Tai, called Daishan in ancient times, is also called Daizong. The natural landscape is magnificent, and thousands of years of spiritual and cultural infiltration and rendering and humanistic landscape contrast are known as the epitome of Chinese national spiritual culture. 1987, declared as a world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO.

When world heritage experts visited Mount Tai, they found that Mount Tai not only has outstanding universal natural science value, but also has outstanding universal aesthetic value and historical and cultural value. It is a magical mountain that combines natural science and historical and cultural values.

4. The Great Wall 1987. 12 Cultural Heritage

The Great Wall in China is the greatest construction project in the history of human civilization. It was built more than 2000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, it became the Great Wall of Wan Li. Large-scale construction in hamming period. The vastness of its project and the grandeur of its momentum can be called a miracle of the world. As time went on, things changed. Now, when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majestic posture of the Great Wall among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history.

From June 5438 to October 2002 10, Jiumenkou Great Wall, the only great water wall in China, passed the acceptance of UNESCO and was officially listed as a part of the Great Wall and became a world cultural heritage.

5. Shaanxi Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors 1987.38+02 Cultural Heritage

Located 5 kilometers east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, and 36 kilometers away from Xi, it is the mausoleum of Ying Zheng, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. The mausoleum is divided into two parts: the tomb area and the burial area. Covering an area of nearly 8 square kilometers, the cemetery has the dual functions of an outer city and an inner city building. It is a quadrangular conical enclosure with a slightly flat top and a height of 55 meters. It is not only the first imperial mausoleum in the history of China, but also the largest imperial mausoleum.

Since 1974, three burial pits of terracotta warriors and horses have been found at 1.5 km east of the cemetery, with 8,000 terracotta figures unearthed, 0/00 chariots and tens of thousands of physical weapons. 1980, large bronze chariots and horses were unearthed on the west side of the cemetery. It has aroused the shock and concern of the whole world and is known as "the eighth wonder of the world". At present, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum has been set up in pits 1, 2 and 3, and is open to the public.

I hope to see you again.