Basic knowledge of elevator

elevator knowledge I 1. some basic knowledge of elevators

1. basic knowledge of elevators and escalators 1. definition (1) elevator: it is a fixed lifting transportation equipment used in high-rise buildings. it has a car carrying passengers and runs between floors along guide rails with vertical or inclined angles less than 15.

(2) Car: It is a part similar to a carriage that directly carries passengers. Generally, it is a closed box after the door is closed. (3) Car door: the door of the car, which automatically opens and closes when passengers see it from inside the car.

it runs up and down with the car. (4) Landing door (or hall door): the door set at the entrance of the elevator on each floor, which does not run up and down with the elevator, but opens or closes with the car door.

(5) Call box (or call box): It is set next to the landing door of elevator entrance on each floor, and generally has two buttons with arrows at the top and bottom for passengers to call the car to this floor. (6) In-car control panel: it is installed on the inner wall of the car, and has digital buttons representing each floor, door opening and closing buttons and emergency call buttons, which are mainly used by passengers to select the destination floor after entering the elevator.

(7) Escalator: a transport device with circulating steps, which is used to transport passengers obliquely upwards or downwards. Looking straight, it looks like a moving staircase, accompanied by a moving handrail.

(8) moving sidewalks: circulating walkways, like leveled escalators, are generally used for the transportation of passengers and articles carried by passengers with a horizontal or inclined angle of no more than 12. 2 Classification (1) Passenger elevator: an elevator used to transport passengers, generally used in office buildings, hotels and other occasions.

(2) sickbed elevator: an elevator used to transport sickbeds (including patients) medical equipment, which is mainly installed in hospitals and other occasions. Its characteristic is that the load capacity and car area should not be too small, otherwise it is impossible to transport sickbeds, oxygen bottles, bottle racks and other rescue equipment. (3) Residential elevators: elevators for residential buildings, the shape and size of the car should consider not only the transport of personnel, but also the transport of some furniture, electrical appliances and stretchers or wheelchairs.

(4) Sightseeing elevator: it is mainly installed in hotels, shopping malls and high-rise office buildings. One or several sides of the shaft wall and car wall are made of transparent materials, so passengers can watch the scenery outside the car when they take the elevator. 3 Basic knowledge of taking the elevator 3.1 Normal taking the elevator At present, manned elevators are all intelligent and automatic equipment controlled by microcomputer, and no special personnel are needed to operate and drive. Ordinary passengers only need to take and operate the elevator according to the following procedures.

(1) At the entrance of the elevator on the elevator floor, press the up arrow button or the down arrow button according to your own needs. As long as the light on the button is on, it means that your call has been recorded. Just wait for the elevator to arrive. (2) After the elevator arrives and opens the door, let the people in the car get out of the elevator first, and then the caller enters the elevator car again.

after entering the car, press the corresponding number button on the control panel in the car according to the floor you need to reach. Similarly, as long as the button lights up, it means that your layer selection has been recorded; At this time, you don't need to do anything else, just wait for the elevator to reach your destination floor and stop.

(3) The elevator will automatically open the door after driving to your destination floor. At this time, stepping out of the elevator in order ends a process of taking the elevator. 3.2 Precautions for Civilized Elevator (1) Call (summon) the elevator.

press the call button on the call box according to your own needs when going upstairs and downstairs. Just press the up arrow button when going upstairs and the down arrow button when going downstairs. Don't press both buttons, otherwise the elevator may be slower.

Just press the call button once, and you don't need to press it again as long as the button light is on. Because it doesn't matter how many times you press it, it won't speed up the elevator, but it's easier to damage the button.

don't beat the button or the door panel of the landing door just because the waiting time is a little longer. (2) enter the elevator.

when the called elevator arrives at this station, there will be a light, a number or a sound prompt, and wait to enter the elevator according to this prompt. After the elevator arrives to open the door, enter the elevator in turn and select your own destination button on the control panel in the car.

if the elevator door is closed when entering the elevator, don't be afraid at this time, because the door of each elevator is related to the door detection device. When a passenger comes in or out, the door will automatically reopen. Even if the safety touch panel hits the human body when the door is closed, don't be afraid and it won't cause any harm. Attention: Passengers and children should not stay and play at the elevator door.

when the elevator car is full, don't enter the car by force, otherwise the car will give an alarm because of overload and cannot be started. (3) When the elevator is running.

passengers should relax and stand when the elevator is running, and don't knock on the door; Once the door is opened, the elevator will brake urgently, which will affect the normal operation. (4) Get out of the elevator.

when the elevator arrives at your destination floor, wait until the elevator stops running and the door opens automatically, and then step out of the elevator in turn. 3.3 Take the escalator correctly Escalators and moving sidewalks are continuous transportation equipment. When taking the escalator, children should be led by adults, and children should be picked up by adults.

don't hesitate to get in and out of the escalator. Generally, there is a box-shaped safety warning line on the steps where people stand on escalators. When stepping on the steps, don't step on the line, that is, don't step on the joint between two steps, otherwise people will stand unsteadily and fall down when the escalator enters the inclined running section.

For people who normally ride the escalator, they should stand on the right side and hold the right handrail, and they don't have to be nervous at the exit of the escalator, so they can just step out. 3.4 Precautions for civilized escalator ride (1) Children can't stay and play at the upper and lower entrances and exits of escalator steps.

(2) Don't climb and sit on the handrail. (3) Don't dig the lower part of the handrail by hand.

(4) Don't bend down on the moving escalator and put your hand into the comb plate at the entrance and exit of the steps. (5) Don't throw hard objects such as nuts and stones on the steps, and don't put sharp hard objects such as umbrella tips into the gaps around the steps, let alone into the comb plate.

(6) Articles and luggage should be carried by hand. 4 emergency response when taking the elevator 4.1 After entering the elevator, if the elevator door cannot be completely closed automatically, the passenger should immediately get out of the car, change to another elevator or take the stairs.

if it is convenient, you should report to the elevator maintenance department for repair. 4.2 The passenger locked in the car is in the car, and the car stops or does not start for whatever reason, and the door cannot be opened automatically; At this time, passengers should keep calm and don't take any hasty actions (for example, knocking down the door or knocking down the safety window on the top ceiling of the car to climb out, etc.).

2. Basic knowledge of elevators

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Basic knowledge of elevators

1. Definition of elevators

2. Types, models, main parameters

3. Common terms

4. System composition

5. Main performance requirements

6. Traction system

7. Doors. Installation work

12, maintenance work

13, contents of equipment technical files

14, escalators

1. Definition of elevator:

1. Definition of narrow elevator = vertical elevator.

2. The definition of generalized elevator = vertical elevator+escalator+moving sidewalk.

3. Definition of elevator in a broad sense:

Mechanical and electrical equipment that uses boxes running along rigid guide rails or steps running along fixed lines to lift or transport people and goods in parallel

2. Types, models and main parameters of elevators

1. Classification by use, speed, driving mode and control mode:

(1) By use: passenger elevators.

(2) According to the speed: low-speed ladder, fast ladder, high-speed ladder and ultra-high-speed ladder. Their speeds are: less than or equal to 1m/s, more than 1m/s less than or equal to 2m/s, more than 2m/s less than or equal to 3m/s, and more than 3m/s..

(3), according to the control mode: signal control (driver control), centralized control (automatic control), parallel control, intelligent control

(4), according to the drive mode:

DC drive, AC asynchronous drive,

AC synchronous drive, hydraulic drive

2, elevator model

. 921c2 (6) (28)22476

3. What does the elevator mainly learn

The principle of electric traction, which is the principle used in elevator operation

1. Elevator classification

There are many classification methods, and different classification methods will cross each other. According to the purpose, elevators can be classified into the following categories:

Passenger elevator: for transporting passengers.

freight elevator: elevators that can be carried by people, mainly designed for transporting goods, are used in factories and warehouses.

passenger and freight elevator: an elevator that mainly transports passengers, but can also transport goods.

sickbed elevator: an elevator designed for transporting sickbeds (including patients) and medical equipment, which is used in hospitals and medical centers.

Residential elevator: designed for the convenience of transporting passengers, furniture, sofas, stretchers, etc. and used in residential buildings.

sundry elevator: the space of the car is limited, so people are not allowed to enter. It is mainly used to transport a small amount of food, books and documents.

car elevator: an elevator designed for transporting vehicles, which is used in three-dimensional parking equipment.

Special elevators: elevators used in some occasions with special requirements, including explosion-proof elevator, anti-corrosion elevators and marine elevators.

Sightseeing elevator: an elevator with at least one side of the hoistway and the car wall transparent, where passengers can watch the scenery outside the car, mainly transporting passengers.

2: basic principles

elevators are mainly divided into mechanical and electrical aspects.

mechanical aspect: the car is driven by the traction machine and driven up and down by the friction between the wire rope and the traction sheave; The counterweight for balance is opposite to the running direction of the car.

electrical aspect: it is driven by the microcomputer program in the control cabinet and works with the mechanical system to control the operation and stop of the elevator.

3: safety protection device of elevator

overspeed protection device

When the up-and-down running speed of the elevator exceeds the specified speed, the safety switch of the speed limiter will act to stop the elevator.

door locking electrical protection device

both the hall door and the car door are equipped with electrical interlocking switches to confirm that the doors are completely closed. As long as one door is not closed in place, the elevator cannot operate.

parking protection device (braking)

when the car stops at the station, the traction machine brake can keep the flat position of the car unchanged.

end station forced deceleration device

The forced deceleration switches at the upper and lower stations are installed at the speed change points to ensure that the elevator can reliably reduce the running speed when approaching the end station.

terminal stop device

when the forced deceleration switch doesn't work, the limit switch will act, and the elevator will be forced to stop running, but it can change direction.

end station limit position protection device

Before the elevator runs to the end of the guide rail, the limit switch acts to cut off the power supply of the elevator and forcibly stop the elevator.

protection device for the bottom and the top

When the elevator goes beyond the limit position due to the failure of the control system, the buffer in the pit will protect passengers from injury.

The overload protection device

can weigh the weight of the car. When the rated load is exceeded, the elevator will not start and give a buzzer, and the passengers who enter after warning will exit the car in time.

fall protection device

The up-and-down running speed of the car is monitored in real time by the speed limiter. Once the car is out of control and overspeed, the speed limiter will start the safety clamp to stop the car on the guide rail immediately.

door protection device

hall door lock and hall and car door safety switch can ensure that the elevator can't operate normally when the door is not safely closed in place or locked properly. The national standard stipulates the closing force of the elevator, which will not pinch the passengers.

The door panel of the car door is usually equipped with a safety touch panel to ensure that the door can automatically reopen when the door panel contacts people and things during the elevator closing process; In addition, there are non-contact door protection devices-infrared light curtain protection device and ultrasonic monitoring device, which can reopen the door without touching people and things.

characteristics of door protection device

during the 5-millisecond stroke of automatic door closing, the door protection function may disappear, and the door cannot be reopened by using the door protection device at this time. Please pay special attention. In order to improve the use efficiency of the elevator and meet the needs of anti-disturbance function, the elevator will be forced to close slowly after the door protection device continues to operate for a period of time. If the door cannot be closed, the elevator will send out a fault signal and stop running.

4. Knowledge of elevators

Origin With the appearance of high-rise buildings and the expansion of building area, it is necessary to set up several elevators side by side to complete the vertical transportation task in the building, so there is a problem that the elevators are connected with each other.

For multiple elevators installed together, the control systems of a single elevator are required to be interconnected and equipped with a monitoring system. In such a system, the hall call button is available for all parallel elevators, and the monitoring system determines which elevator in the elevator group answers the hall call signal.

In this way, an elevator group control system is formed, which uniformly distributes elevator call signals and uniformly dispatches elevators. The earliest elevator group control system used relay contact control, which was called "automatic mode selection system" ['1], and it worked by selecting operation commands during ascending and descending peaks, flat peaks and bidirectional.

this is the simplest form of group control, which is called directional preselection control. It is suitable for a ladder group consisting of two or three elevators, and each elevator is operated by directional preselection control. This system needs a single hall calling system, and each hall has an up button and a down button.

The control system effectively separates the elevators in the building to provide uniform service and stop one or more elevators at the designated landing floor. The use of relay contact control can realize the driver-less operation of the elevator, but its main goal is to realize the sequential operation of the system, which has low operation efficiency and complicated maintenance.

a simple elevator group is roughly divided into two elevators serving alternate floors. The hall call can be partitioned by static and dynamic methods [5].

in static zoning, a certain number of hall floors are combined to form an area; It is also possible to arrange the call of the adjacent upper hall floor to several upward demand areas, which are adjacent to each other.