How to read modern literature to understand it more accurately?

Practical problem-solving skills in modern text reading

There are three steps to solve the problem of modern Chinese reading:

The first step is to read the full text and grasp the main idea.

The first is to clarify the thinking of the article. In the final analysis, every paragraph and sentence of the article is to clarify the center and return to the main idea of the article. Usually, we should learn to bid for articles, summarize the meaning of each paragraph and summarize the central idea. Often effective.

Second, we should find and understand the key words in the article. Especially those words that reflect the author's position and viewpoint, reflect the profound content of the article, have rich connotations and vivid images. In particular, the central idea of the article is often implied in the opening sentence, ending sentence, independent paragraph sentence, figurative sentence, serial sentence, turning sentence and lyric discussion sentence.

Don't rush to do the problem, be sure to read the article twice before getting to the point. Read and browse quickly for the first time, absorb the general meaning of each paragraph, establish an overall understanding of the article, and focus on solving a problem-what is the selected article written? The second intensive reading, read every sentence carefully, try to figure out and understand some important sentences and paragraphs, and have a certain understanding of the main idea of the article. Draw words, sentences and paragraphs that play a connecting role in the structure of the article, and draw the central sentence of each paragraph, paying special attention to the beginning and end of the paragraph. These words are often key words that need to be studied when answering questions. Find important words to further understand the ideas and structural levels of the article. (3) Have a sense of style in your heart and find out the sentences that make the dragon shine at the moment. As a philosophical prose, there are always some argumentative and lyrical sentences in narration and description. When reading, we must be good at grasping lyric sentences to grasp the meaning of the text, and pay special attention to lyric comments at the end of the article, which is often the theme of the full text.

Remember: haste makes waste. Be sure to read the article before doing the problem, and resolutely put an end to skimming.

The second step is to carefully examine the questions and conduct directional scanning.

The key to doing subjective questions in modern Chinese reading is to examine them accurately. If you grasp the key to the examination, you can find the key to the answer. The examination of modern text reading is to carefully analyze the stem and grasp the requirements of the topic, that is, to grasp all kinds of information related to the answer contained in the stem. This is the first and most critical step to answer the question. The stem of the question generally consists of two parts, one is the words of the author and the other is the words of the proposer. The purpose of setting the stem is mainly to limit the content of the answer; At the same time, in order to prevent candidates from being at a loss, proposers often prompt the position of the answer content in the text in the stem of the question, and even limit it to which paragraph or sentence. In this way, you can find out the points of each question according to the tips of the stem, and lock the answer interval, which is specific to paragraphs, sentences and words. As long as we find the relevant areas in the original text, carefully ponder the meaning of the context, accurately grasp the key words and accurately grasp the relevant information of the answers, the answers to most questions can be found in the original text.

Remember: the stem prompts the answer range, specifies the answer angle, provides the answer idea, implies the answer information and embodies the answer law.

Thirdly, screening and combining, and directional expression.

Reading literary works is mostly subjective, and its stem can show both the answer area and the answer method. We should answer questions from the perspective of the "question" of the presenter, and answer any questions if there are any, so that the answers are sufficient, in place, accurate and organized. When integrating, we must ensure the fluency of the text.

Please remember:

1, find out the attitude or tendency in the stem.

If the question you encounter is negative, you should use the answer method of reverse first and then correct to avoid missing the main points; If your question is in a positive form, use a positive answer.

2. Find out the composition form of the stem language and determine the answer language form.

The structure of stem is an external form of ideogram, which implies what the meaning of a sentence is made of. The analysis structure can prompt candidates how to organize the language when answering questions.

3. Find out the author's words and the proposer's words in the stem.

The author's sentences in the topic are generally the objects for students to understand and analyze, while the proposer's words generally play a role in guiding students to clearly answer the key points or provide restrictive conditions.

4. Change implication into directness and differentiation into generalization.

Modern Chinese reading materials in NMET are mostly prose, and the language is not only rich in connotation, but also attaches great importance to artistic skills. Some are subtle and euphemistic, some are vivid and delicate, and some are specific. Sentences with these characteristics have always been the focus of the college entrance examination. When organizing the answer, we should first integrate the relevant information in the text to find out the similarities and differences of the information conveyed by the relevant paragraphs in the original text, and then use the concrete and visualized sentences with the same information in the text to transform these concrete and visualized languages into abstract and summarized languages, which is the mandatory answer.

5. Select, refine and integrate sentences from the original text.

The purpose of modern text reading is to master and understand the information that the author wants to convey in the text. Therefore, we should understand the work according to the author's thinking and find the answer from the original text. But it is not extracted directly, sometimes it is rewritten on the basis of words or sentences in the article, and sometimes it is necessary to consider the whole text and extract relevant information from each paragraph for integration. This kind of questions appear most in the college entrance examination.

In addition, we should also find out the common noun terms in the test questions.

Expressions, commonly used expressions are narrative, description, discussion, lyric, explanation and so on.

Writing skills, candidates should be clear, the narrow sense of writing skills is "expression", and the broad sense refers to all writing skills, such as expression, rhetoric, suppression before promotion, symbol, straight to the point, expressing ambition and so on.

Commonly used rhetorical devices include metaphor, personification, repetition, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, contrast, rhetorical questions and so on.

Language features generally refer to easy-to-understand spoken language, rigorous and elegant written language, vivid image and emotional literary language. When analyzing, it is generally analyzed from rhetoric.

Feeling refers to feeling, understanding and comprehension from the heart.

Explanatory text of types, things and reasons (content perspective); Simple and vivid explanatory text (language expression angle).

Explaining methods generally include examples, classification, data list, comparison, definition, explanation, analogy, drawing charts, imitation, etc. (generally three words).

Descriptive order, chronological order (program order), spatial order, logical order. When answering questions, candidates can be more specific, such as: spatial order (from top to bottom, from inside to outside, etc. ), logical order (results first, reasons later, step by step, etc. ).

The object of explanation refers to the main person or thing explained in the article (generally there is no need to answer the characteristics of people or things).

Demonstration methods, reasonable argumentation, factual argumentation, comparative argumentation, figurative argumentation and reduction to absurdity required by middle schools.

Demonstration mode, demonstration and refutation.

Theoretical arguments, including famous sayings, proverbs, formula laws, etc.

Factual arguments, all facts, historical facts, data, etc.

Concise and concise sentences are generally limited by the number of words.

Decent, civilized, polite and humanized.

What's the role? The function or benefit of answering something in the article can be considered from three aspects. The first is the content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings; Second, the structure, such as transition and echo; Third, language, such as fascinating and lively.

Ideological nature basically refers to the central idea or theme of an article.

Thoughts and feelings, the ideological tendency shown by the author or characters in his works, such as good and evil, likes and dislikes, praise and criticism, etc.

The above-mentioned "common terms" secretly examine students' language foundation and are also the points for assigning topics. Candidates can understand it, which can cure the problem of "answering irrelevant questions" well.

Five steps of poetry appreciation

first step

Let's take a look at what poetry is like (divided into realism and romanticism in expression: pastoral poetry, frontier poetry and so on). By content)

Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties are generally used in ancient poetry, with lyric poems as the majority. Lyric poetry can be divided into scenery description and lyric, ancient lyric and lyric. Writing lyric poems about scenery is mainly to grasp the relationship between scenery and emotion; Generally speaking, to grasp the relationship between the ancient and the present, it can be used to describe the present or satirize it; The first step is to understand the relationship between things and ambitions, and express ambitions by what things are.

Second step

Go to the second half of the poem to find the center of the poem (the author wants to express his feelings and heartfelt wishes).

Third step

Look at the first half of the poem and think about what images are written, what pictures these images constitute, what characteristics these pictures have, and what role they play in the center of the poem (this is actually the blending of scenes, that is, the grasp of artistic conception).

Fourth step

Do five must-see things:

(1) Be sure to look at the topic (the topic is often the eye of the poem, or the central event, which helps to understand the content of the poem);

(2) Be sure to meet the author (know the world and the author's style);

3 must-read notes (you can understand the emotional tone of poetry, difficult knowledge allusions, and sometimes the answers are among them);

4 must-see famous sentences (central sentences and poetic eyes are often here. Poetry appreciation is often the appreciation of famous sentences);

(5) Be sure to look at the stem of the question (the stem of the question is very directional, so be sure to look at the requirements clearly, and be sure to answer with the content and stem of the original poem, and not explain the concept in an empty way. Answers must be targeted and directional, and it is very important to ask, answer, ask and give.

Step five

Take a look at the techniques used in poetry, so that it is easy to appreciate ancient poetry. Generally, the expression program can be used when organizing writing: what kind of poem is this, what kind of scenery the poet absorbed to form what kind of picture scroll (or what kind of image description), and what kind of thoughts and feelings the poet contains from it. In terms of artistic characteristics, what expression techniques are mainly used and what performance effect is achieved. Or put it this way: this poem uses the technique of (expression, rhetoric, expression), writes the characteristics of (image), shows (highlights) (certain) thoughts and feelings, and plays a (certain) role.

The secret of getting high marks in composition

1, practice more questions.

Especially for philosophical propositions involving dialectical relations, we should study their profound connotations in depth. The more detailed, accurate and thorough the examination, the wider, deeper and smoother the thinking, and the greater the grasp. Understand the nature of the topic and find out what it wants from us. When reading materials is difficult, such as poetry materials, if you can't read them, just put them aside and grasp the topic to think. As a last resort, it is better to use "topic" as the topic of composition directly, instead of no topic or making up a topic. Whether the material says "things" or "things" must be related to "people".

2. Keep in mind the standards

What is a good article? Condensed into eight words: "profound, rich, literary and innovative." Remember these four rulers, and your composition level will be very high. Of course, due to computer marking, we should pay special attention to the aesthetic feeling of writing.

3. Strengthen rational thinking

How can I make my article more profound, extensive, innovative and inspiring?

(1) Use vertical thinking to see the essence of things through phenomena and the reasons through results. The best ideological weapon is philosophy, which is to learn and understand wisely and be indispensable. Why do you say that those who are close to ink are not necessarily black? External cause is the condition of change, and internal cause is the basis of change. Why do you say that roses are judged by flowers rather than thorns? Flowers are the mainstream and thorns are the tributaries. Why can't the intimacy of feelings affect the depth of right and wrong cognition? Emotion and reason, right and wrong, truth and fallacy, sensibility and reason involve the epistemology of dialectical materialism.

(2) Using lateral thinking, from point to surface, we can broaden our thinking, from time to space, from ancient times to China and foreign countries, and then look at society and ourselves. Are you still worried that you can't find the best conception angle?

(3) Whether the viewpoint is enlightening is another important factor to open the grade of the article. What people say is a cliche, and it is boring. That's clear water, which is "Chen Yan". With enlightenment, we can talk about meaning, artistic conception and connotation.

If you want to write an enlightening point of view, there is a very important skill that is often used, and that is analogical reasoning. Of course, this is also the way. The key to successful application is to grasp the similarities between them, otherwise it will cause complications.

4. Strengthen material reserves

From what aspects do you choose materials and prepare materials? Mainly in four aspects:

(1) own life. First, be true (don't make it up); Second, it must be connotative, distinctive, tasteful and original, so as to ensure that it will not crash like others; Third, we should have a deep understanding of this living material.

(2) knowledge and insight. Prepare more materials from four aspects: science, literature, philosophy and aesthetics, not asking for more, but refining.

(3) social hot spots, media focus, domestic and foreign information. High viewpoint, broad vision, new materials and great significance are valuable materials. First, to ensure the truth, hearsay can't be done; Second, we must grasp the size of the choice. It is best to quote information materials with accurate time, place, name and data to make them more convincing.

(4) Famous sayings, aphorisms and aphorisms. This is the essence of thought, the model of language and the cultural wealth enjoyed by all mankind. If it can be used accurately and properly, it will undoubtedly add color to the article and play the role of making the finishing point.

5, practice language, practice skills, practice literary talent, and get on the level.

Literary talent is sincere, natural, beautiful, witty and humorous from the heart. I speak my mind and I write my mouth by hand. When you narrate, express your feelings and discuss, your knowledge, knowledge, personality, cultivation, interest and charm also flow out at the same time. This is what you said, and this is literary talent.

6. Strive for innovation

From conception to design, the selection of materials is unexpected and reasonable. People don't have me, people have my advantages, people abandon me and take it, and people have the tendency to avoid me. Without reverse thinking and multi-directional thinking, it is difficult to break through the mindset and stereotyped writing. When reciting famous sayings and aphorisms, we should learn to classify and summarize our memories.

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