Literary Common Sense of A Dream of Red Mansions

A Dream of Red Mansions is one of the four classical novels in ancient China, and it is a chapter-by-chapter novel. Written in 1784 (forty-nine years of Qing Qianlong), Meng Jue's preface was officially named A Dream of Red Mansions. Its original names were Stone Story, Love Monk Record, Treasure Mirror and Twelve Women in Jinling. Author Cao Xueqin, the sequel was completed by Gao E. This book is a masterpiece with high ideological and artistic quality. The author has a preliminary democratic thought. He profoundly criticized the darkness of real society, court and officialdom, the decay of feudal nobles and their families, feudal imperial examinations, marriage, handmaiden, hierarchical system and social ruling thoughts, namely, Confucianism, Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism, social morality, etc., and put forward vague ideals and propositions with preliminary democratic nature.

Twelve women in Jinling: Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai, Jia Yuanchun, Jia Tanchun, Jia Yingchun, Jia Xichun, Jia Qiaojie, Shi Xiangyun, Miao Yu, Wang Xifeng, Li Wan and Qin Keqing.

Story summary

Nu Wa tried to make up the sky by refining stones, but one stone was not used. It was abandoned at the foot of Gengqingfeng, an absurd cliff in the barren mountain. This stone "has been tempered and spiritualized", and often feels sad and remorse because it has not been selected to fill the sky. One day, a large number of monks and Taoists passed by here. After hard work, the two immortals knew it was impossible to force them, so they "reduced it to the size of a fan pendant and they could take it away" and promised to take it to that "prosperous country, home of poetry and flowers, gentle and rich land". I don't know how many times I have been robbed, but when I saw its experience carved on a stone, I copied it from beginning to end and gave it to Cao Xueqin to read it carefully, add, delete and make chapters. Here are the things carved on the stone. There is a gourd temple outside Nagato in Gusu. Zhen Zhen, a town official (homophonic "truth is hidden") lives near the temple, and the poor Confucian who lives in the temple (homophonic "empty language exists") becomes like-minded friends with him and gives him money to catch the exam. On the night of Lantern Festival, Zhen's daughter Zhen (homophonic "Zhen Xi") was abducted, and soon Zhen's family was burned down because of the fire in Hulu Temple. Zhen brought his wife to the father-in-law who was looked down upon. His father-in-law is a stingy and greedy man who keeps all the money he has left for himself. Really "Anger and Sadness" and "Poverty and Disease" are really desperate. One day, he was walking on crutches in the street when he suddenly saw a lame Taoist coming and mumbling something. Yin Shi listened, asked someone, knew it was a "good song", and then explained the answer to "good song". After being instructed by the Taoist priest, I was completely disillusioned and became a monk with the lame Taoist priest. Jinshi Jia Yucun was appointed as county magistrate. Being greedy for coolness, insulted by servants, hated by people and impeached by superiors, she was dismissed and went to Lin Ruhai to tutor Lin Daiyu. Workers returning from Beijing. Jia Yucun turned to Lin Ruhai for help in Guo Rongfu, Yuegu, just as Lin Ruhai's mother-in-law, Jia Mu, had to take Daiyu to her side because of her husband's death. Lin Ruhai asked Jia Yucun to send Daiyu to Beijing. Jia Yucun is connected with the Guo Rong family. With the help of Lin Ruhai's brother-in-law, Jia Zheng, he was appointed as Yingtianfu in Jinling. When Daiyu entered the mansion, in addition to Jia Mu, she also met her great aunt, namely Mrs. Xing, the wife of Jia She, and her second aunt, namely Mrs. Wang, the wife of Jia Zheng, her niece, Mrs. Wang, the young housekeeper, Wang Xifeng, the wife of Jia Lian, the son of Jia She, and Jia Tanchun, Jia Xichun and Jia Baoyu. Baodai and Baodai felt deja vu at first sight, but Baoyu smashed his psychic Baoyu because he saw that Lin Daiyu, a beautiful cousin, had no jade and thought that jade was ignorant of people, causing an unhappiness. Jia Yucun tried a case in Yingtianfu and found that Lian Win had been abducted. The buyer is Xue Pan, the son of Aunt Xue, the sister of Mrs. Wang, and the home of Imperial Merchants. Although Xue Pan killed the original buyer for Lian Ying, Jia Yucun settled the matter for Xue Pan with only a few taels of silver. Xue Pan and his mother and sister Xue Baochai also went to live in Guo Rongfu in Kyoto. Plum blossoms are in full bloom in Ningguo Mansion, and Jia Zhen's wife, You Shi, invited Jia Mu and others to enjoy the plum blossoms. Jia Baoyu took a nap and lived in Qin Keqing Jia Zhen's daughter-in-law's bedroom, dreaming. He watched the album Twelve Women in Jinling, listened to the song A Dream of Red Mansions, and had sex with the fairy Ke Qing. After waking up, wet dream was discovered by the maid and they had sex. Wang Gou, a descendant of Beijing officials, has been reduced to farming in the countryside. Because my ancestors used to live with Mrs. Wang and Xifeng's family, I asked my mother-in-law granny Liu to go to Guo Rongfu to find Mrs. Wang for a windfall. Wang Xifeng accepted it and gave twenty taels of silver. The most classic stills of a dream of red mansions

Xue Baochai once received a monk's golden lock and has been wearing it ever since. Daiyu was jealous of the idea of a good marriage and often secretly laughed at Baochai and warned Baoyu. Jia Zhen's father, Jia Jing, abandoned his official position and left home to seek immortality. On his birthday, Jia Zhen held a banquet at home to celebrate. Because of Lin Ruhai's illness, Jia Lian took Daiyu to Gusu, and his brother Jia Rui molested Xifeng, who teased him and died. After Qin Keqing died, Jia Zhen lived a luxurious life. Not only did he choose the best things, but he also spent two thousand dollars to donate a dragon to his son as a funeral set. On the way to the funeral, Feng coveted 3,200 pieces of silver, separated her lover, and made a young man and woman commit suicide in anger. After Lin Ruhai's death, Daiyu had to live in Fu Rong permanently. A feeling of desolation hung over her, and she often secretly shed tears, and her illness became more and more serious. Yuan Chun, Jia Zheng's eldest daughter, was made a princess, and the emperor allowed him to visit his family. In order to welcome this grand ceremony, Guo Rongfu built an extremely luxurious Grand View Garden, and also purchased actresses, nuns, Taoist priests, and Miaoyu, who was born in a famous family and entered Guo Rongfu due to illness. On the night of Lantern Festival, Yuan Chun went back to her mother's house for a while and asked Baoyu and other sisters to present poems. Daiyu wanted to show her talents, but she was ordered to write only one song, which was deeply regrettable. Baoyu said that Xiren should not be allowed to take the opportunity to persuade Baoyu to study in the future. "Serious business." Baoyu and Daiyu are young and affectionate. Because of Xue Baochai or other trivial matters. They often quarrel, and their feelings get deeper and deeper in constant quarrels. Baochai sang opera on her birthday, and Xiao Dan looks like Daiyu. Shi Xiangyun, the granddaughter of Grandmother Jia's family, quickly said that Baoyu was afraid of Daiyu's anger and stopped her, which made both of them angry with Baoyu. Yuan Chun is worried that the Grand View Garden will be idle. So Baoyu and his sisters moved in. Baoyu went into the garden and hung out with these girls all day; The book was so full of gas that he stole books such as The West Chamber into the garden and Baoyu and Daiyu enjoyed them together. Baoyu's brother Jia Huan is jealous of Baoyu. When he copied the scriptures, he accidentally dropped a candle and burned Baoyu to death. Mrs. Wang cursed Aunt Zhao. Aunt Zhao hated Feng, so she asked Ma Daopo to kill Feng and Baoyu by magic. Monks and lame Taoist priests rubbed psychic jade and saved them. Daiyu was melancholy, and the flowers were sad in late spring, so she buried them, calling them "Hua Zhong" and writing "Burying Flowers". Qing Wen, Baoyu's maid, dropped a fan and broke it. Baoyu told her. She contradicts others. She is sarcastic. She was so angry that Baoyu wanted to kick her out. Qingwen enjoys the cool in the evening. Baoyu told her to tear the fan to make her laugh. Once Shi Xiangyun advised Baoyu to learn to be an official and talk about his career. Baoyu grabbed the white, saying that Daiyu never said such a bastard; Daiyu happened to pass by, and I was very happy to hear it. Jin Chuaner, Lady Wang's maid, teased Baoyu and was driven out of the well by Lady Wang and died. Jia Huan told Jia Zheng. Baoyu also made friends with an actor that Wang Ye liked, which made Wang Ye send someone to look for him. Jia Zheng was furious and beat Jia Baoyu to pieces. Mrs. Wang asked xiren to tell her. Decided that Xiren would be Baoyu's concubine in the future. There was nothing to do in the Grand View Garden, so Tan Chun advocated the establishment of a poetry club. Singing Bai Haitang for the first time, Baochai won the championship; The second time I wrote chrysanthemum poems, Lin Daiyu overwhelmed everyone. Granny Liu entered the mansion, and when the old lady found out, she settled down. Diners who hold a banquet in the Grand View Garden and make fun of their daughters; This sophisticated old woman is also willing to play this role. Grandmother Jia took Granny Liu to visit the Grand View Garden. In Longcui Temple, Miaoyu entertained Daiyu and Baochai for tea, and Baoyu also showed his face. To celebrate Xifeng's birthday, everyone has held a banquet since the time of Grandmother Jia. Xifeng drank too much and wanted to go home and rest. I ran into Jia Lian and was seducing the servant girl. Xifeng is crying. Forced the maid to hang herself, and the grandmother forced Jia Lian to make amends to Xi 'an. Because of the order of drinking, Daiyu quoted a few verses from The West Chamber. Baochai noticed and forgave her, and their relationship improved. Dai Wang admitted that Baochai was a good person, and he was too worried. Dai Yu wrote "Autumn Window Storm" to express her sadness. Jia She took a fancy to Jia's maid Yuanyang and asked Mrs. Xing to find Jia. Yuanyang refused, and neither did Grandmother Jia. She only scolded Mrs. Xing. The relationship between Jia Mu and Jia She is even worse. The five beauties of the red chamber-welcome and cherish Baochai

At a banquet, Xue Pan molested Liu, who was good at singing and dancing and generous, and was afraid of retaliation, and fled to other places. Xue Pan lost face and went out to do business. His concubine Xiang Ling (Lian Ying) went to the Grand View Garden to study poetry. Several girls from relatives came to the Grand View Garden to make poems and quizzes, which was an unprecedented excitement and joy. Xiren went home because her mother was ill. Qingwen caught a cold at night and burned herself very hot. Baoyu celebrated his uncle's birthday, and Grandmother Jia gave him a sparrow gold robe made of peacock hair by a Russian tailor. He accidentally burned a hole. When I come back at night, the tailors in the street are afraid to mend it. Wen Jing was very ill and recovered overnight. At the end of the year, the Ningguo government paid the rent first, and the number of things sent was amazing, but Jia Zhen was still too little. Because of Chinese New Year's hard work, Xi-feng miscarried and couldn't manage her family, so Tan Chun, Baochai and others coordinated the director. Tanchun was born to Aunt Zhao, and Aunt Zhao's brother died. Tanchun didn't give much money as usual, and mother and daughter had a big fight. Tanchun has also implemented some reforms in the park, appointing special personnel to manage various places, which not only handed over some property, but also gave some benefits to the managers. Daiyu's maid, Zi Juan, tested Baoyu's sincerity to Daiyu, thinking that Daiyu would return to Gusu. Baoyu believed it and went insane. As a result, Daiyu understood Baoyu's psychology better, and everyone thought there would be a happy marriage. Daiyu wanted to recognize Aunt Xue as a godmother, and they reached the most harmonious period. Guo Rong Mansion is full of contradictions. Jia Huan met rosacea at Baoyu's place and asked for some. Baoyu's maid Fang Guan gave Jia Huan some jasmine powder. Aunt Zhao went to Baoyu to make a scene. Fang Guan also gave her foster mother some rose dew to lure her nephew to steal poria cream. Several things made a mess, almost breaking the balance between servants. Baoyu was celebrating his birthday when Jia Jing Tundan died. You Jia was busy with the funeral, so she asked her mother, You Erjie and You Sanjie for help. Jia Lian sees the second sister is beautiful, wants to be a mistress, and lives outside. Second sister and Jia Zhen are not innocent, Jia Zhen wants to make waves, and Jia Lian wants to play with Third Sister for Jia Zhen's sake. You Sanjie was awed and cursed Jane and Lian. She already has a lover, that is, Liu Xianglian who defeated Xue Pan. Jia She told Jia Lian to go out on business, and also told Jia Lian, Lu Yu and Xue Pan to go out on business. Xue Pan met a robber and was rescued by Liu. They became brothers. Jia Lian took the opportunity to act as matchmaker for Liu, and Liu agreed. After arriving in Beijing, Liu Xian gave Third Sister's mother a dowry. Baoyu became suspicious while chatting with you. He went to ask for a gift to end his marriage. You Sanjie committed suicide and Liu became a monk. Xifeng knew about Jia Lian's stealing marriage, pretended to be virtuous, and took her second sister into the house. Please ask Jia Mu and others to agree. Jia Lian returned with another concubine. Xifeng forced Second Sister You to borrow my concubine to swallow gold. Lady Wang was furious when she found a sachet embroidered with erotic palace pictures in the garden. When Wang Shanbao's family urged him to check the Grand View Garden, Wang Xifeng was in command, and Xichun was timid. When he saw the socks of the man (actually his brother) found in Xichun's box, he shouted indiscriminately that he would be punished for taking part in the painting, but when Wang Xifeng said that he could take part in the painting without punishment, Xichun was not sure. Tanchun is indignant and thinks that property is an ominous sign. Later, because Wang Shanbao's family stripped her clothes, she was furious and slapped Wang Shanbao's family. At this time, Xichun broke off contact with her brother and sister-in-law. Qingwen was unfairly driven out by Mrs. Wang on the grounds of "good Baoyu" and "being seduced by this hoof" and died with regret; Jia Baoyu was helpless and wrote "The Daughter of Furong" as a sacrifice to her. After Xue Pan and her marriage, at Xia's instigation, Xue severely beat Xiangling, but Aunt Xue refused. Xia Jingui quarreled with her mother-in-law. Xue Pan can't be at home. Had to go out.

The end of the novel

Due to the loss of the original, the content is unknown later. In order to facilitate some readers to know more about A Dream of Red Mansions, the relevant materials are listed below for reference only. 1. According to the previous judgment, at present, the generally accepted outcomes are: the decline of four great families, Daiyu's tearful death, Yuan Chungong's sudden death, Yingchun's mistaken marriage to Sun Shaozu's death, Tanchun's long marriage, Xichun's becoming a monk, Wang Xifeng's divorce (but not related to the original work), and Qiaojie's rescue of Granny Liu and her marriage to Banel. Xiangling died and xiren married Jiang Yuhan. 2. In the CCTV 1987 TV series A Dream of Red Mansions, the screenwriter and the Dream of Red Mansions consultant wrote the same ending. There are many tragic endings such as Shi Xiangyun becoming a geisha, Miao Yu going out to find a shell book, Baochai abandoning her son for Jia Baoyu, and Si Qi, Yuanyang and others committing suicide. It is not convenient to list them here. The writers and consultants of TV series are authoritative people, and this ending can be used for reference. )

Edit the introduction of the author of this paragraph.

abstract

A portrait of Cao Xueqin in Chinese painting

At the beginning of the 20th century, the question of "Who is the original author of A Dream of Red Mansions" once caused a debate in China academic circles, and this debate continues to this day. However, most scholars believe that A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin and continued by Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan.

Cao Xueqin

Cao Xueqin, a great litterateur in China in the Qing Dynasty, is famous for his exhibition, Chinese character and number. His ancestral home is Tangshan, Hebei (Tieling, Liaoning, Liaoyang, Liaoning). Born in 1724 and died in 1763. Cao Xueqin grew up in splendor. Its predecessor was the Han nationality, and later it was the Manchu Zhengbaiqi (domestic slave). Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather won an official position because of his meritorious service in entering the customs with the Qing army. Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather Cao Xi, his grandfather Cao Yin, and his parents Cao Qing and Cao Fu worked as Jiangning weavers for more than 60 years, which was highly prized by Emperor Kangxi. Therefore, Cao Jia became a "century-old family" with rich resources at that time; In the early years of Yongzheng, due to the intervention of the internal struggle of the ruling class, the Cao family suffered many blows, was dismissed and imprisoned, and their property was confiscated, and their family returned to Beijing. Since then, his family has been going downhill. This turning point made Cao Xueqin deeply feel the coldness of the world and more clearly realize the essence of the social system. From then on, he lived in poverty, but he was good at writing and devoted himself to the writing and revision of the novel A Dream of Red Mansions. He read it for ten years, added and deleted it five times, and wrote this literary masterpiece that pushed China's classical novel creation to the peak. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762), the youngest son died young, and Cao Xueqin was heartbroken. This year's New Year's Eve (1763 February 1) was filled with poverty and illness (Cao Xueqin died in the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong (1763) on New Year's Eve, and Qin died with tears. I cried tears, and the funeral expenses were funded by my friends. The earliest existing manuscripts can be traced back to the reign of Xu Jia in Qianlong (1754), but there are only 16 discontinuous manuscripts. Later, a number of manuscripts were discovered, the most important of which was that of Gan Long Chen Geng (1760), which is now 78 times. These manuscripts are titled "The Story of the Stone", and there are many comments signed by "Zhi Yanzhai" and others, so they are also called "Fat Comments" or "Fat Books" for short. Why fat books appear and spread is still controversial.

Gao E, Cheng Weiyuan.

Gao E: Date of birth and death: about 1738—— about 18 15, a writer in Qing Dynasty. The word uncle LAN is a word cloud scholar. Because of his love for the novel A Dream of Red Mansions, he was nicknamed "The History of the Red Mansion". The Han army is a member of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, with a yellow flag. Originally from Tieling (now Liaoning), he lived in Beijing in the early Qing Dynasty. Cheng Weiyuan: a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, spent several years in Beijing collecting the remnants of A Dream of Red Mansions, and invited his friend Gao E * * to undertake the editing work of "refining and refining, learning from each other's strong points and copying them into one" for three times. In the fifty-sixth year of Qing Qianlong (179 1 year), the preface to the movable-type printed version of A Dream of Red Mansions (Cheng Jiaben) in Cui Wen Bookstore was based on Zhang Wentao's poem Zhoushan Poem, for Gaolan Book: "After the legendary Dream of Red Mansions was eighty times back, it was supplemented by Julan Book." It is generally believed that the last forty chapters of the novel A Dream of Red Mansions were written by Gao E. On the one hand, Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E continued to write together. On the other hand, according to the preface and introduction of Cheng Weiyuan, it is said that 40 books of A Dream of Red Mansions extracted by Gan Long from the study room were successively purchased and continued, and it is believed that Cheng and Gao, who continued to write, only did the repair and sorting work. But in any case, elevation is the hero of A Dream of Red Mansions, and they are of great significance to the spread and research of A Dream of Red Mansions.

Author's correction

In the first text of A Dream of Red Mansions, the author is called "Stone", which is naturally said by the novelist. Then I mentioned that Cao Xueqin read this book for ten years, added and deleted it five times, compiled it into a catalogue and divided it into chapters. However, a large number of fat reviews in early manuscripts pointed out that Cao Xueqin was the author. For example, there was a comment in the JOE edition for the first time: "If Yun Xueqin reads it and adds or deletes it, who wrote it after opening the book?" It shows that the author's pen is very cunning. "According to the research of some redologists, Zhifu has said many times that many stories in A Dream of Red Mansions are based on the historical facts of Cao Cao and can also be used as circumstantial evidence. The Fat Review reveals that the author is closely related to Cao Xueqin and his family, and is familiar with and even partially involved in the creation of A Dream of Red Mansions, so the Fat Review can be said to be the most direct evidence that Cao Xueqin is the author of A Dream of Red Mansions. However, some factions believe that the fat criticism is purely fabricated by latecomers and cannot be used as research evidence. Fu Cha Yiming, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, said in the preface to tihongloumeng: "A Dream of Red Mansions written by Cao Zi Xueqin is a record of the prosperity of romantic scenery, which was built by Jiangning Weaving Room. Its so-called Grand View Garden is the former site of today's garden. It's a pity that his book has not been circulated, and little-known people in the world will see his manuscript. Yong Zhong, another poet of the imperial clan in Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem "Dream of Red Mansions" in the thirty-third year of Qianlong (1768), in which he wrote: "Looking at the novel" Dream of Red Mansions "with mo Xiang, there are three quatrains. This is probably the earliest record that Cao Xueqin is the author of A Dream of Red Mansions besides A Dream of Red Mansions itself and Zhi Pi. Ming Yi and Yong Zhong are both Cao Xueqin's contemporaries. Although there is no evidence that they know Cao Xueqin, they have close contacts with Cao Xueqin's friends Duncheng and Dunmin, so their statements are considered highly reliable.

The main person who edited this paragraph.

Zhen (sentimental injury) Pinger (sentimental harmony) (sentimental strength) You Sanjie (sentimental pride) You Erjie (sentimental regret) You Shi (sentimental outside) Xing Xiuyan (sentimental perfection) (sentimental beauty) Li Qi (sentimental pleasure) Si Jie (sentimental childishness) Fu (sentimental stability) Xiangling (sentimental beauty).