What role does electronic information technology play in modern procurement?

This is an era that belongs to the Internet. All enterprises are facing the strong impact of the internet wave, and e-commerce is becoming more and more mature in terms of technical realization and social background. How to solve enterprise-to-enterprise informatization? How to realize enterprise e-commerce? These are real problems faced by enterprise managers and information department heads. With the help of information technology innovation, it is a good opportunity for enterprises to realize online bidding, online bidding and goods comparison, and to reorganize resources and standardize business processes by using e-commerce.

original sin

"Buy cheap and sell expensive, and the intermediate links are not wasted." Someone vividly summed up the three elements of corporate profitability. In all aspects of enterprise's personnel, finance, production, supply and sales, the reduction of procurement cost is the most effective link. Someone has done such statistics. For every 65,438+0 yuan reduction in purchasing cost, the income is equivalent to selling 5 ~ 65,438+05 yuan more products. The implementation of e-procurement system has the advantages of short project implementation cycle and obvious effect. There are more requirements for the implementation of e-procurement within enterprises.

Reduce procurement costs

With the intensification of enterprise competition, company leaders have asked material management departments to reduce procurement costs. In this way, there are at least two aspects to measure the performance of purchasing personnel: one is to buy back the goods needed by the enterprise to ensure the continuous production and operation of the enterprise; Second, compared with the previous year or quarter, the procurement cost should be reduced to some extent. However, the two are contradictory to some extent, which requires purchasing personnel to spend considerable time and energy in planning and coordination to achieve the expected goals.

Update of Procurement Knowledge System

With China's entry into WTO and China's further tariff reduction, domestic enterprises will compete with foreign enterprises under the same conditions. The intensification of competition inevitably requires enterprises to have all kinds of talents with higher quality. As far as purchasing personnel are concerned, the single role of "purchasing" in the past is gone forever. Enterprises even require procurement personnel to become experts in foreign languages, engineering technology, quality control knowledge, goods knowledge, market situation, overall planning and coordination, logistics knowledge and e-procurement knowledge.

Conform to the trend of informatization in the network era

Judging from the development trend of global procurement, e-procurement will be more and more widely accepted by enterprise managers. In fact, many multinational companies have obtained some items they want to buy through e-procurement, and some companies spend tens of billions of dollars every year through e-procurement. Enterprises that have implemented e-procurement think that e-procurement has more advantages than traditional procurement methods. On the one hand, the Internet provides a wider choice for buyers and suppliers. In addition, the expenditure of purchasing unit price and purchasing management expenses can also be greatly reduced.

Electronic procurement 372 1

When it comes to e-procurement, many people think it is abstract. In fact, e-procurement is a technological innovation for the traditional material procurement business of enterprises. Just like telephones and fax machines, it provides a tool for corporate purchasers to complete the pricing process. The following introduction can give us a preliminary understanding of e-procurement.

E-procurement business analysis

We can define e-procurement as follows: Through the Internet, we can find and manage qualified suppliers and goods, know the market situation and inventory in time, make purchasing plans, purchase needed goods online, and manage purchase orders and goods on the way, account management and inventory management, so as to realize automatic statistical analysis and sunshine procurement.

E-procurement mainly includes public bidding, invitation bidding, competitive negotiation, inquiry procurement and single source agreement procurement. E-procurement is an important form of e-commerce and the inevitable development of procurement. It is not only a change in form and technology, but also a change in traditional procurement business, which optimizes the procurement process, improves procurement efficiency and reduces procurement costs. Through the electronic catalogue, buyers can quickly find more suppliers; According to the supplier's historical purchasing electronic data, the best source can be selected; Through electronic bidding, electronic inquiry and other procurement methods, more effective competition will be formed and procurement costs will be reduced; Through the electronic procurement process, the procurement cycle is shortened, the procurement efficiency is improved, and the manual operation errors in procurement are reduced; Through supplier and supply chain management, we can reduce the circulation of procurement, realize end-to-end procurement and reduce procurement costs; Through electronic information data, we can understand the market situation and inventory situation, and make purchasing plans and decisions scientifically.

E-procurement has set up a bridge for information exchange between material departments and suppliers, which will bring business convenience to buyers and sellers. For material procurement, management and implementation departments, e-procurement has the following advantages:

The procurement execution process can be completely electronic through the Internet;

Support the dynamic electronic management of electronic procurement catalogue;

Support the electronic management and relationship maintenance of suppliers;

With the function of parametric process customization and modification;

Electronic bidding procurement supports online bidding, invitation, sales, bidding, bid opening, bid evaluation and award, and supports bid evaluation experts and bidding cost management; Support multiple Zhong Zhongbiao methods such as unit price, total price and expert bid evaluation;

Bidding procurement supports open/invited bidding, price award and expert bid evaluation.

Powerful statistical analysis function is helpful for purchasing decision analysis and purchasing performance evaluation;

Form a closed loop with the existing application software of the enterprise to realize seamless integration of business information such as supplier data, purchased material data and purchased result data;

For suppliers participating in the e-procurement platform, its convenience is also obvious:

A 24-hour online quotation platform has been added;

Self-service catalog service enables suppliers to communicate product information including price with buyers in time;

Systematic and standardized procurement process plays a certain role in standardizing suppliers' trade business behavior;

Timely, effective and cheap information exchange is an important value of Internet information application system. E-mail-based information transmission and communication methods can keep abreast of the buyer's information and communicate effectively.

Electronic bidding procurement method

For the procurement of important materials and the evaluation of complex procurement targets, the bidding procurement method is generally adopted. Bidding procurement based on the principle of "openness, fairness and justice" can fully consider and evaluate other commercial and technical factors of suppliers under the condition of ensuring competition, thus ensuring the procurement effect.

The traditional bidding operation mode, because of its complex business process, the relevant procurement business personnel must have a good understanding of the bidding business, thus increasing the burden on the business personnel; Moreover, the traditional bidding operation cycle is long and inefficient.

The procurement method of electronic bidding is designed and developed according to the Bidding Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the experience of industry experts. Its business process covers all the traditional bidding processes, realizes the electronic management and operation of the bidding process, and perfectly combines the bidding concept with information technology, so that ordinary business personnel can easily operate the bidding project. The relevant data and documents of each bidding business can be stored in an orderly manner, effectively forming a knowledge deposit for the future business needs of enterprises. The adoption of electronic bidding procurement can also significantly shorten the procurement business cycle.

Bidding procurement method

Bidding procurement is an organic combination of bidding method, auction technology and modern internet information technology, and it is a reverse behavior similar to auction bidding. That is, the process of winning the subject matter by gradually lowering the sales price, also known as auction. When bidding, the buyer issues the bidding documents, agrees on the auction conditions in advance and presides over the whole bidding process. Suppliers who have passed the buyer's prequalification all compete with their competitors anonymously. They can fully make competitive bids in the designated auction process and strive for a favorable ranking for themselves. Suppliers who meet the preset bid-winning conditions will eventually win the bid.

Compared with the traditional bidding method, the bidding procurement transforms the static quotation of bidding into dynamic quotation, allowing suppliers to quote many times in a fair competition environment, so as to quickly reach the market average cost line of purchased products.

Compared with the traditional competitive bidding method, online bidding procurement can ensure real-time competition site and back-to-back participation between suppliers, thus creating a fully competitive environment and ensuring the interests of purchasing enterprises.

Online bidding and purchasing based on advanced Internet information technology is accepted by more and more enterprises for its fierce competitive atmosphere, obvious price reduction effect, simple business process and short business cycle. Practice has proved that enterprises can reduce the procurement cost 10%~35% by adopting the bidding procurement system. While reducing the procurement cost, bidding procurement can also effectively shorten the procurement cycle.

Inquiry and price comparison purchasing methods

Inquiry and price comparison procurement, as the name implies, are to shop around and determine the final supplier by comparing quality and price comparison. It is suitable for the situation that the purchase amount is low and the purchase can be completed through simple negotiation. Internet-based inquiry and price comparison procurement include the following functions:

◆ Open inquiry: send an inquiry letter to all suppliers to solicit quotations.

◆ Invited inquiry: directly inquire from qualified suppliers who have passed the pre-qualification.

◆ Quotation negotiation: The buyer conducts several rounds of negotiations with each supplier's quotation to determine the final quotation.

Online price comparison: the buyer compares the quotations of various suppliers online, selects the supplier with the best cost performance, and forms a draft supply and demand order.

◆ Inquiry process tracking: Purchasing personnel and approving personnel can view the whole inquiry process, including detailed negotiation records and quotation list.

◆ Log query: the system provides inquiry and quotation log query.

◆ Order approval: the negotiated order is submitted for approval.

As a technical innovation of traditional material management, enterprises will encounter various management and business difficulties when implementing e-procurement system. As long as we are fully prepared and work hard, we will certainly find a solution to the problem.