What are the self-help methods when encountering lightning?

Lightning often happens in summer and autumn when the weather is bad. Lightning is a breakdown discharge phenomenon that occurs between thunderstorm clouds (cumulonimbus clouds), clouds and the ground, and between clouds and air, often accompanied by strong flash and rumbling thunder.

Because of its powerful current, blazing high temperature, violent shock wave, intense electromagnetic field and intense electromagnetic radiation, lightning has a huge destructive effect in an instant.

At present, human beings cannot control and prevent the generation of lightning. Lightning will cause casualties, damage terminal power supply and distribution systems, communication equipment and computer information systems, cause forest fires, damage buildings, cause burning and even explosion of warehouses, refineries and oil fields, and endanger people's property and personal safety.

People can obtain the warning signals of thunderstorm, gale and hail issued by meteorological departments through television, radio, internet, short messages and other media, or by issuing electronic warning signs in urban areas, and pay attention to taking corresponding preventive measures.

1, get lightning warning information

Call 12 12 1, 96 12 1, or consult the local meteorological station, or get early warning information through TV, radio, newspapers, internet, mobile phone messages, etc.

Check the warning devices of lightning warning signals, such as warning signs, warning flags and warning lights.

Log on to meteorological websites, such as www.cma.gov.cn and www.nmc.gov.cn.

Second, outdoor lightning protection

Quickly hide in a building protected by lightning protection facilities. Cars are also an ideal place to avoid lightning strikes.

Stay away from sharp and isolated objects, such as trees, telephone poles and chimneys. It is not suitable to enter isolated shacks, sentry boxes and other low-rise buildings.

If you can't find a suitable lightning protection place, find a low-lying place, squat down, put your feet together, put your hands on your knees and bend forward.

It is not advisable to take an umbrella in an open field, and it is not advisable to carry metal tools, badminton rackets, golf clubs and other items on your shoulders.

Do not swim or engage in other water sports. Not suitable for outdoor ball games, mountain climbing, horse riding and other sports. Leave the open areas such as the water surface as soon as possible and find a place with lightning protection facilities to escape.

It is not advisable to drive a motorcycle or ride a bicycle, and it is forbidden to rush when it thunders.

In case of unfortunate lightning strike, colleagues should call the police for help in time and do rescue treatment for them at the same time.

Third, indoor lightning protection

Close doors and windows and try to stay away from doors and windows, balconies and external walls.

Don't be close to the outside, and don't touch any metal pipes, including water pipes, heating pipes, gas pipes, etc.

Try not to use household appliances, including TV, computer, wired telephone, refrigerator, washing machine, microwave oven, etc. In a room without lightning protection facilities. It is recommended to unplug all power plugs.

Don't take a bath with a solar water heater in thunderstorm weather.

In case of lightning fire, cut off the power supply as soon as possible and call 1 19 or 1 10 for help.

Lightning protection facilities should be tested regularly.

Fourth, the first aid of lightning burns

When lightning strikes, the thermal effect of current will cause electric burns and carbonize the human body into coke.

If the clothes of the person who is struck by lightning catch fire, you can splash water on the injured person, or wrap the injured person with a thick coat and blanket to put out the fire.

For those who have stopped breathing and heartbeat, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed first, and then the burn wound should be treated.

Cool the wound with cold water and then cover it with dressing. If there is no dressing, wrap it with clean cloth, clothes and so on.

Timely transfer to the local hospital, infusion is needed during the transfer process, and anti-shock measures are taken.

Five, lightning "suspended animation" first aid

The phenomenon that the person injured by lightning suddenly stops heartbeat and breathing is called lightning "suspended animation".

At this time, it is necessary to organize on-site rescue immediately, so that the injured person can lie flat on the ground and give artificial respiration. At the same time, you should call the emergency center immediately, and professionals will effectively treat and rescue the injured.

Six, artificial respiration matters needing attention

Push your forehead with your hand, let your head lean back as far as possible, and lift your neck forward with your other arm. Keep the trachea unobstructed, remove foreign bodies at the outlet and remove secretions. The extrusion pressure should be appropriate, not too strong. The time of squeezing and relaxing is almost equal, and squeezing is directly proportional to the number of artificial respiration, which is 15∶2 for adults and 5∶ 1 for children.

Seven, buildings and objects vulnerable to lightning.

1. Towering buildings, such as water towers, TV towers and towering billboards;

2. Factories, pipelines, etc. A hot gas column for discharge conductive dust and waste gas;

3. A factory building with a large number of metal equipment;

4. Isolated and prominent buildings in the wilderness and trees in nature;

5. TV antenna and various metal protrusions on the roof, such as flagpoles;

6. Protruding parts and objects on the roof of a building, such as chimneys, pipes, solar water heaters, roofs and cornices.

Many young people like the rain, snow and fog weather, and think it is beautiful and fun, so they always laugh and play together in groups of three or five in this weather. But be careful, be careful when playing! Because the road is slippery at this time, it is easy to fall, which leads to some unexpected accidents.

First, what should I do?

1. Be careful when you walk, don't chase and fight, because the road is slippery at this time. If you are not careful, you will easily fall down, and even more serious consequences may occur.

In this weather, you'd better wear colorful clothes, so that the driver can see you more easily and ensure you to cross the road safely.

Don't play football, roller skating and other dangerous games on the road. Doing so will easily lead to traffic accidents, thus causing traffic disorder.

4. Don't straddle the guardrails of sidewalks, driveways and railway crossings. This is very dangerous, so you must pay attention to your behavior and obey the traffic rules.

5. In the place where there is no traffic police command, watch the traffic lights, don't jaywalk, avoid vehicles and avoid some unnecessary dangers.

6. When going out in groups, you must queue up in an orderly manner, obey the arrangement of the team leader and cross the road safely.

Second, scientific advice.

1. In rainy, snowy and foggy days, relevant personnel should sprinkle some cinders and other substances on the road surface to prevent the road surface from slipping and causing some unnecessary accidents.

When traveling in rain and snow, you must listen to the guide and obey the traffic rules.