A poem by Su Shi

In the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi, a leading figure in the literary world, not only pioneered and innovated in literature and poetry, but also found his own way and created a precedent of "bold words". Su Shi changed the tradition since the creation of Ci, abandoned the artistic conception of softness and gentleness, and integrated the heroic masculinity in poetry into Ci. When bold and unconstrained ci came out, its open mind and high-spirited majestic posture shocked the ci world. The basic styles of Su Ci are: taking poetry as Ci, with a wide range of subjects; Use regular sentences to write lyrics, not stick to rhythm, advocate returning to simplicity and truth, and return to the principle of "only dividing words into four tones, not asking for four tones" when Tang people first created lyrics. So the word road has been greatly broadened. Let's enjoy his first bold word Niannujiao, which has been sung in ancient and modern times:

The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever.

Old camp west, people say it's the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs.

The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow.

The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once.

Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit.

A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes.

I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely.

Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river.

This is what Su Shi did when he was demoted to Huangzhou. In fact, when Huangzhou Chibi was not the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu defeated Cao Chibi only because of the same name, and Su Shi had a deep feeling for Battle of Red Cliffs more than 800 years ago. Zhou Yu, the commander-in-chief of Wu Dong in Battle of Red Cliffs, spared no expense in writing and painting to portray Zhou Yu's brilliance, decisive command, romantic elegance, natural and unrestrained, and expressed the poet's praise and admiration for the sages. When the poet contacted himself and was relegated, it was rare for him to display his talents, and he could not help laughing at himself and lamenting that "life is like a dream". In desperation, I had to drink wine as a sacrifice under the moonlight by the river.

The last film mainly describes the scenery and traces back to history. "The river of no return, the waves are exhausted, and the romantic figures of the ages" are three sentences. Throughout history, generation after generation, how many romantic figures have been exhausted by history, while the great river still flows eastward, so the clouds are "exhausted." "To the west of the old base area, humanity is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms", which explains the location of Battle of Red Cliffs according to people's legends. Base camp, the fortifications of the past war. These three sentences mean that the west of the old base area is said to be the hometown of Battle of Red Cliffs commanded by Zhou Yu of the Three Kingdoms. "Rocks are flying in the air, crashing on the shore and rolling up thousands of piles of snow." This is a description of the scenery in front of us, depicting the majestic momentum of the stormy waves. Pave the way for the next sentence and the next movie. Rocky rocks wear out, that is to say, the wall of the hanging plate has been washed out for hundreds of years. Surging waves, describing the waves as wild horses that are out of control due to shocks, galloping thousands of miles; Or thrilling waves. Roll up thousands of piles of snow, describing the waves hitting the stone wall, causing upward bending waves, as white as snow. Thousands of piles of snow are an exaggeration. This led the poet to lament that "there are many heroes in a beautiful scenery", to the effect that there are many heroes in a beautiful scenery. Respond to the first three sentences.

The next film focuses on people. "Imagine being married for the first time in Gong Jin, Xiao Qiao is dashing" was written by Zhou Yu. At that time, he was handsome and heroic, supervised the army in Jiangdong, and married Xiao Qiao, one of the two beauties in Wu Dong (Da Qiao married Sun Quan). It can be said that it is a perfect match. This is an era of pride. Yingfa, heroic and radiant. "Feather fan with black scarf, laughing and laughing, vanishing" is a description of Zhou Yu's elegant, calm and confident manner. The strategy has been set and the tactics have already been deployed. So, between joking and joking, Cao Cao's warships were burned out. "Old country fugue, affectionate Ying Xiao Wo, early Fahua. Life is like a dream, and statues are still on the moon. " These five sentences are the writer's own feelings. The old country refers to the former site of Battle of Red Cliffs. Affectionate Ying Xiao Wo is an inverted sentence, which means "Ying Xiao Wo is sentimental". Fahua, gray hair, flower girl "flower". Life is like a dream, borrow Cao Cao's poems. These words are also a feeling of helplessness, so in the end they have to boil down to "a statue is still on the river", that is, in desperation, they have to go down to the river to drink.

Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci is not only nostalgic ci, but also multifaceted. For example, the word "Jiangchengzi" (chatting with an old lady) is about taking office and hunting, but it shows the poet's great patriotic feelings. The full text is as follows:

I am a teenager.

The left side leads to yellow and the right side leads to blue. Golden hat, mink and fur, thousands of riding rolls and leveling posts.

In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan.

The wine is full and the box is still open.

Why not put some cream on your temples? When will the emperor send someone down, like Emperor Han sent Feng Tang to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei?

I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun.

Among them, most of the words in the fourth word of the first sentence of the next film are "brave", which is actually a mistake. After drinking wine, people often want to be topless and cool, so they should be "naked". The first part mainly describes hunting, and the second part is comfortable, which shows the poet's strong patriotism.

Su Shi's ci is full of heroism and romanticism. For example, the word "mink head" (when is the bright moon) uses a romantic expression of whimsy. Recorded the whole word for the second time:

When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance.

I don't know about palaces in the sky. What year is tonight?

I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade.

Dance to find out what shadows look like on the earth.

The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self.

The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone?

People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon has yin and yang, and there are gains and losses. Nothing is perfect, even in the past.

I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.

This is a wonderful poem written by Su Shi during the Mid-Autumn Festival in Ningjiu, JaeHee, when he was drinking under the moon in Mizhou to commemorate his brother Su Zhe. The first part seems to write a scene, but in fact it implies the author's political frustration and helplessness in realizing his ideal ambition. The next scene is the fusion of scenery and feelings, which includes the memory of my brother Su Zhe and good wishes for the world. Show the poet's broad mind. This word has a broad realm, profound meaning and rich philosophy, which can be called the swan song of the ages. "I wish people a long time, and a thousand miles is beautiful" is often quoted by later generations.

In fact, Su Shi did not give up the creation of traditional ci. For example, his "Hidden Water Dragon" (like a flower but not a flower) is a traditional poem about children's feelings, saying goodbye to hate and sadness. The full text is as follows:

Flowers are like flowers, and no one cherishes them.

Leaving home on the side of the road, I thought, heartless and thoughtful.

It was she who was injured, euphemistically confused, trying to open her mouth but closing it tightly.

Dream with the wind Wan Li, looking for lang, but also by warbler.

I don't hate this kind of flowers falling completely, but I hate the West Garden, which is full of withered flowers.

Where are the traces of falling flowers after the rain in the morning? Drift into the pool and become a pool of duckweed.

If the spring scenery is divided into three parts, two of them become dust, and the other part disappears when it falls into the water.

Fine, it seems that it is not easy, it is a crystal tear.

The word uses anthropomorphic and illusory techniques, which seems to write about Huayang, but in fact it writes about people. From the realm, just like a movie, it fell from the flowers and became a sad young woman. Huayang is a person, and people are Huayang. "Like a flower is not like a flower" is written about the characteristics that Huayang is called a "flower" rather than a flower. The following words "Nobody cares, degenerates from teaching" have already been sent out with feelings, and nobody cares and lets her degenerate. The meaning of teaching, keeping and releasing. Leaving home by the roadside, ostensibly speaking, Huayang fell on a person or a roadside, but in fact it describes that Sifu was left at home and often waited by the roadside. "Thinking is ruthless and thoughtful", which seems to write Huayang here, has actually turned to writing people. So "heartless and thoughtful" has become a pun here. On the surface of the text, it is said that Huayang is an emotionless thing, but after careful consideration, it seems to have feelings. In fact, the writer was mercilessly abandoned at home, so she has infinite worries. Think, think, think carefully. Considerate and affectionate. "It hurts so much that you feel sleepy. If you want to open your eyes, close them" is completely written here, but such words can still be used to describe Liu (Yang), which is the beauty of Su Shi's rhetoric. "Intestinal injury" means that the intestines are entangled. Excessive sadness, gradual lack and drowsiness, so there is a state of "sleepy eyes, want to open and close". Because I am tired and sleepy, I feel sleepy and want to keep my eyes open. Here, the fine pen outlines the femininity and beauty of thinking women. "Dreams follow the wind, and Wan Li looks for a place to go, but she is awakened by the sound of warblers", which describes Sifu drifting to her husband's sleeping place with the wind, but she is awakened by the sound of warblers. It can be said that dreams are difficult to realize.

The next film describes the scenery, full of emotion and integrated with the scene. Love is hate in spring. Where does hate come from? "I don't hate this flower flying out, but I hate that the West Garden is difficult to achieve." This flower refers to Huayang. Falling red, falling flowers also. It is difficult to combine and redecorate branches. This is the pen of Xi Chun. Instead of redecorating the branches, the fallen flowers are "rain at dawn", and there are no traces left, only a beach of broken duckweeds ("Where are the traces? A pool of ping is broken. " )。 "Spring is divided into three parts, dust is divided into two parts, and water is one part". These three sentences are sighs. Before it rains, the spring scenery is still divided into three parts. Rain is divided into dust and water. The spring scenery here refers to falling red or Huayang. Judging from the following three sentences, it seems to refer to Huayang. "It doesn't seem to be Huayang in detail, but one thing is tears." This episode responds to the opening "Like a flower, like a flower, nobody cares about it, but falls from teaching" and returns to the theme with "A little bit is a tear". It can be described as ingenious.

Su Shi's poems describing children's feelings are mostly implicit, but there are also some lively works. For example, The Recent Flowers (Flowers Fade Red):

Flowers wither and red apricots are small. Swallows fly, green water people go around.

Small catkins are blowing on the branches; There are many fish in the sea.

Inside the wall, outside the wall, there is a layman, and inside the wall, there is a beautiful woman laughing.

Laughter dies in silence, but passion is mercilessly annoyed.

The last film describes the scenery and covers all the features of spring. The following love story is a direct narrative technique, without touching words, but it is very touching. The whole poem is sincere and full of charm, which can reflect the characteristics of Dongpo's love writing. "There are plenty of fragrant grass in the sea" and "sentimental but heartless" are also sentences often quoted by later generations. Wang Shizhen's "Flowers and Plants are Picking" says that "catkin cotton on the branches" may not survive, because of the beautiful feelings of wasteland reclamation. What is Podan is also interpreted as "the river of no return". It is said that this is a poet passing by the garden. When he saw a beautiful woman swinging in the garden, he stopped to admire it. When the beauty and the servant girl met, they left while joking. Therefore, there is a sigh that "the laughter fades away, but the passion is ruthless." Enthusiastic people are also poets. Here also shows another romantic feeling of the poet.

Su Shi writes about love, not seeking flowery words, but seeking truth. Jiang Chengzi is a poem with simple language, sincere feelings and inspiring people in memory of his dead wife Wang Fu. The full text is as follows:

Ten years of life and death are two boundless, disapproving and unforgettable.

A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about.

Even if you don't know each other, your face is covered with dust, and the guests are as cold as frost.

At night, I suddenly dreamed of going home, and the window of Xiao Xuan was being decorated.

Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears.

It is expected that every year there will be heartbroken, moonlit and short matsuoka.

The first movie is like talking to the other side and telling a story. The theme of Ten Years of Life and Death comes straight to the point, that is, the dead wife has been dead for ten years, and the world is separated and ignorant. "If you don't think about it, you will never forget it." Even if you don't think about it, the old love is unforgettable. "A lonely grave thousands of miles away, nowhere to talk about desolation", but you are buried in your hometown thousands of miles away, and I am in Huangzhou, where can I tell you about my desolation? "Even if we meet, we should be ignorant, and the dust is as cold as ice." Even if we could meet, you wouldn't know me. I am old, dusty and cold. In the last film, the poet was extremely sad and sad.

I think about it every day and dream every night. The next film is about going home at night and meeting his wife in his dream, showing the true feelings between husband and wife. "Dream back to my home suddenly at night, Xiao Xuan window, get dressed" is also to the point, but I said that I suddenly returned to my hometown in my dream last night and saw my wife getting dressed at the window. Night arrival, that is, last night, the ancient vernacular. The area around Juxian County in Shandong Province is still called "last night" as "night coming". "Look at each other silently, tears flow a thousand lines", but when we meet, I can't speak, only my eyes look at each other and tears flow a thousand lines. "Every year is expected to be heartbroken, and the moon is short." This knot echoes the first sentence, expressing the poet's infinite nostalgia and sadness. It is expected that the place that makes me sad every year is before I come to your lonely grave under the bright moon. A broken heart is a sad place. Dwarf Songshan, there are pine trees in Gorkon. The growth of pine and cypress is slow, and it is still short for ten years, so it is called "dwarf pine". Sichuan is a rainy area, so Gorkon was chosen as the burial place. "Dwarf Matsuoka" refers to the graveyard of the poet's wife. "Looking forward to it year after year" also implies that the poet has the intention of resigning and retiring.

After Su Shi was deposed, most of his poems were bleak, but he did not lose his ambition. For example, the operator of divination (hanging a phoenix tree without a moon):

Hanging buttonwood trees when there is no moon makes people quiet at first.

Who saw you alone? Fuzzy and lonely.

At night, it suddenly becomes afraid, suddenly flies and comes back frequently, but no one always understands its infinite inner feelings.

It kept wandering among the cold branches, but refused to perch on any tree, and finally landed alone on the cold shoal.

Words use puns to write about people and Hong. In fact, Hong also writes about people, and Hong is integrated with people. The poet also calls himself a "hermit", a hermit, a hermit, and he is really a lonely person here. The question "Who has seen it" is actually a negative statement, meaning that "no one has seen a stranger walking around alone, as ethereal as a lonely shadow". Vaguely, vaguely, casually. The last movie was extremely lonely. The next part follows the last sentence of the last part and turns to loneliness, turning back because of fright, but no one can understand the deep hatred ("turning back in shock, no one can save the hate"). Therefore, he refused to live on the cold high branches, preferring to live alone on the cold sandbar. The next film is a pun, but it's actually a person. Although the words are sad and sad, they show the lofty self-control and unswerving determination of the poet. Huang Tingjian commented in Dongpo Yuefu: The meaning is high and beautiful, like a person who doesn't eat fireworks, with thousands of books in his chest, and his works have no tacky things. Who can do that!

After Su Shi was deposed, although there were many bleak works in the ci world, there were also many works of active struggle. Such as "Huanxisha" (Blue Buds under the Mountain):

The orchid buds under the mountain are short-dipped in the stream; The sand road between pine trees is clean and mud-free.

At dusk, the rain is whispering.

Who says life can't go back to adolescence? The water in front of the door can still flow westward.

Don't bemoan the passage of old age!

This word was written by the poet Qingquan Temple when he was exiled to Huangzhou. The first film mainly describes the quiet scenery of Lanxi. All the rivers in China flow eastward, but Lanxi here flows westward. So the poet has "Who says life is not too little?" The feeling that the flowing water in front of the door can still move westward is a declaration of unwilling failure. "White hairs don't sing yellow chickens" is a word of self-improvement and self-encouragement, and it is also an epigram. Don't waste the rest of your life because you are old. White hair means old age. Singing yellow chicken, golden rooster announces dawn, which means the loss of time.

Another example is Dingfengbo (Don't Listen to the Forest). Although it is written on the surface, it shows the poet's struggle spirit despite the wind and rain. The full text is as follows:

Don't pay attention to the beating rain in the forest. Mei sings a long whistle and walks leisurely.

Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life.

The cold spring breeze woke me up and it was a little cold. The hillside is sloping, but it is pleasant.

Go back to that desolate place and go home. No rain or shine.

The word wind and rain is written on the surface, but it is actually meaningful. Wind and rain should refer to the blows or abuses suffered by poets. In the first part, it is strange to describe rain by "beating leaves through the forest" Why don't you sing and walk slowly shows the poet's belief in life regardless of the wind and rain. Mango shoes, that is, sandals. Who's Afraid shows the dauntless spirit of the poet. It can be said that A Life of Misty Rain is the poet's philosophy of life. The general idea is that it is enough to shelter from the wind and rain for a lifetime. The next movie "The chilly spring breeze wakes me up, slightly cold" shows the poet's optimistic attitude after being demoted. Although it's a little cold, there are hills facing obliquely. The moral here should be that poets are welcomed by the people in their jurisdiction. It's freezing and slightly cold, which describes spring. "Go back is always sad, go home. No wind, no rain, no sunny ",wrote the poet's peaceful attitude towards life. The desolate place symbolizes the capital. Going home means going back to Beijing again. Even so, the poet will treat it peacefully, so the cloud is "rain or shine."

Another feature of Su Shi's ci is that it contains philosophy. The above-mentioned "Who said that life is not less?" The sentence "the running water in front of the door can still flow westward" has a certain philosophical nature. Another example is Xijiang Moon (a big dream in the world):

The world is a big dream, and life is bleak several times.

At night, the leaves of the wind have sounded in the gallery. Look at your eyebrows and temples.

There are few customers for a long time, and the moon is often hurt by clouds.

Who is alone with * * * on Mid-Autumn Festival? Looking at the north sadly.

Among them, "A Big Dream in the World, Life is Desolate Several Times" is a philosophical text. In the last movie, life was short and autumn was fleeting. In the dead of night, the fallen leaves in the corridor have sounded the wind, which is about the rustling of fallen leaves under the corridor on the Mid-Autumn Festival night. "Eyebrows on temples" is actually worrying about frosting on eyebrows and temples, and people are getting old. Life is short, which is sad. The next movie, "Wine is cheap for a long time, but the moon is hurt by clouds" is also very philosophical. In fact, "Wine Cheaps Less Guests" is about the poet's loss of friends after his relegation. "The moon is often hurt by clouds", which tells the truth that "blue decline deceives the soft". I mean, I was slandered for it. "The Mid-Autumn Festival who and * * * alone? Looking at the north sadly, because I have just arrived in Huangzhou for the first Mid-Autumn Festival, I have no relatives or friends, so I have the question of "Who is alone with * * * in the Mid-Autumn Festival". Lonely light, light in loneliness. Only by drinking alone, I hope to miss my old friends in the north. This poem is full of desolation and sadness in loneliness. This is the first Mid-Autumn Festival that the poet spent alone after being demoted to Huangzhou, so it is sad.

The content of Su Shi's ci is very limited. In addition to the above-mentioned types of words, there are also words such as landscape, pastoral, homesickness and chorus, among which there are many humorous words. Only one pastoral word "Huanxisha" (Sasha Vujacic's clothes and towels) was recorded for appreciation:

Clothes and towels rustle with jujube flowers, and cars ring in the south and north of the village.

Cow clothes and ancient willows sell cucumbers.

The sun is shining, but he is too thirsty. He wants to find some water to drink.

Then knock on a villager's door and ask, can I have a bowl of tea?

The last film was about rural scenery, which was very simple and interesting. "Cow clothes and ancient willows sell cucumbers" shows you a countryman wearing hemp fiber selling cucumbers in ancient Liu Yin. It is simply a beautiful ink painting. The next movie is about the writer himself, who is sleepy after a long drink; The sun was thirsty, so I thought how nice it would be to drink tea all the way. When I enter the village, I knock on people's doors for tea. Very vivid. This pastoral poem is a must.

There are also some words that describe the interest of personal life and have unique charm. For example, Linjiang Xianzi (returning to Lingao at night):

I drank Dongpo in the evening and woke up drunk. It seemed like midnight when I came back.

The child's breathing is like thunder,

You shouldn't even knock on the door, but lean on your cane and listen to the sound of the river.

The dragon hates that this body is not mine, so forget the camp.

The night was calm and the lines were flat.

Since then, this ship has passed away, and Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life.

The most interesting thing about this poem is "Children don't even knock on the door", which is the most interesting sentence in life. The first part of the word reads "come back after drinking at night". The children are fast asleep and can't even knock on the door, so they have to "lean on the stick and listen to the sound of the river". Or writing about scenery is actually writing about life. The next movie is to meditate on the river and feel life. The first two sentences imply that life is helpless, driven by fame and fortune, or "the slave of the world" and not free. When can I forget these businesses in the world? Camp, run for your life The last two sentences express the idea of "world-weariness and seclusion", which is related to the poet's relegation.

Look at the word "Xijiang Moon" again:

According to the wild shallow waves, the sky is faint.

I want to get drunk and sleep on the grass.

It's a pity that a romantic wind didn't teach you to crush Qiong Yao.

Take off your saddle and rest at Qingyang Bridge, and there will be the sound of spring dawn in Du Yu.

This word expresses the poet's infinite love for nature. The author of this word says in an orderly way: You are in Huangzhou, having a night outing in spring. Go to the restaurant, get drunk, take the moon to the bridge, unload the saddle, lie down drunk and have less rest. It feels like it's already dawn, the mountains are crowded and the water is rushing, so I doubt it's earthly. This is the writing background of this word. The first two sentences describe the scenery, which means that the moon shines on the shallow waves of the stream, and layers of clouds are faintly visible in the sky. Mimi, secret change, everywhere. Obstacles and allusions. Jin Shu? Wang Jichuan: "Help the nature of the horse, try to ride the horse, and try to stop the mud. There is water ahead, and the horse won't cross it. Ji said, "This must be the pity of mud." Let people untie the cross. "Unsolved obstacle mud means that you can't wade. Su Shi is riding on the bridge, so it is cloudy. Yuqi, a horse like white jade. Arrogant and majestic. " I want to get drunk and sleep in the grass "means that although the horse is magnificent, I want to sleep in the grass." The next movie is to express love for nature. "It's a pity that there is a romantic flow, don't teach me to crush Qiong precious jade. "What a lovely breeze and bright moon, don't let Yu Qian ruin this charming moonlight. Qiong Yao, Mei Yu, too, here is the metaphor of moonlight. How can I be willing to leave such a beautiful realm? So he "took off his saddle and rested on Qingyang Bridge" and slept soundly. As a result, "Du Yu sends out the sound of spring dawn", until it hears Du Yu's cry, it is already dawn, an intoxicating spring dawn. The author integrated himself into the magical fairyland with clever brushwork. It can be described as "a beautiful dream, flying high and happy." "