Does anyone know the name of the school?

The writing on the ancestral grave of Li 'erjia in Zhang Nan, Zhongmou has been blurred, but according to the analysis of known writing, the surname of the school may be descended from the Mongolian royal family.

In May this year, shortly after the article "Xixia adherents took root in Puyang" was published in the newspaper, the reporter received a phone call from Li Wei, a teacher from Zhongmou School. Mr Jiao said that his ancestral grave is located near Dong Zhang, Zhongmou, where a stone tablet of the Qing Dynasty was engraved with several lines of ambiguous words. A famous expert in Yuan history once made a preliminary appraisal on this basis: the master of Zhongmou School is the descendant of Ba Dou, the grandson of Genghis Khan!

Badou was the commander-in-chief of Mongolia's western expedition, and later established a huge Qincha khanate (also known as the Golden Account khanate) in the Volga River basin. How did his descendants settle on the banks of the Yellow River? Now the surname of Zhongmou Sect belongs to the Han nationality, and their appearance, language and living customs are the same as those of the Han nationality. If they are really descendants of Mongols, what changes have they experienced? Why didn't you leave more family historical materials?

Li Wei, the school, said that they didn't have a complete family history of "Xixia Village" in Puyang. Just like the Li Chunguang family in Xin 'an, the only evidence they can find at present is the tombstone. The short words on the tombstone are vague, leaving many questions.

In order to solve these problems, Mr. Xiao has worked hard for more than 20 years, but he has not been able to fully understand them because he can't find more first-hand historical materials. Mr. Xiao said that he contacted the media without any hype, just hoping to get some new information about his family with the help of the extensive influence of Dahe Daily to help him solve these family questions.

Strangely, all the surnames have been changed to "school surnames"

As the saying goes, "If you don't change your name, you won't change your surname if you sit down", which shows that China people attach importance to surnames. For China people, the surname is not only a symbol, but also a blood bond. Under normal circumstances, no one will change their surname, even if they change it for some reason, the second or third generation will change back. However, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a strange thing happened in Zhongmou. All the people named Jiao in the two villages voluntarily changed their surnames to Jiao. Why did they change their surnames? This has become a mystery in zhongmou county's annals. 1982, Mr. Li Wei, proofreader of Zhongmou, was puzzled when he found this phenomenon.

When I was a child, I heard my elders say that my surname was "Tartars" and fled to Henan when the Yuan Dynasty perished. 1982, due to accidental reasons, the 30-year-old school had the idea of tracing back to the source. He first went to the Beijing Library to check the Yuan history materials, but there was no result. When I came back, I asked the old people in the school and learned that there was a stone tablet in the ancestral grave of the school 2 miles south of Dong Zhang.

"Hongtong County, Shanxi Province □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□

This is the text that Li Wei copied from the tombstone of ancestral graves more than 20 years ago. The owner of the tomb is Xiao Xiushu, who was born in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The tombstone was erected during the Jiaqing period. Due to severe wind erosion, many words on the tombstone are illegible. He went there three times and squatted under the monument to identify it carefully before he recognized everything he could recognize.

For this inscription, Jiao Liwei first felt puzzled that his "school surname" and "comparative surname" had some mysterious connection. Later, when he looked up zhongmou county's annals in Henan Library and Shanghai Library, he found a strange phenomenon: twenty years before Qianlong (AD 1755), the county annals recorded the deeds of 19 people, such as "comparing relatives", "comparing parents", "comparing princes" and "comparing business books". Since then, there have been many school surnames 10 in the county annals, such as "school Confucianism", "school Confucianism" and "school does not violate", but there has never been a "comparative surname". Where do these school surnames come from? Where is the person with the original surname?

Looking through the county annals, I found that some related place names have also changed. In the south of the county seat, Jiaozhuang was changed to Xiaozhuang, and Jiaojiagang near Dong Zhang was changed to Jiaojiagang.

All kinds of situations show that Zhong's "Jiao surname" voluntarily gave up the original surname and changed it to "School surname"!

What caused the whole family to change their surnames? Coincidentally, Xiao Xiushu, the owner of the tombstone in the ancestral grave of the school family, lived in the Qianlong period, and that inscription should be the key to the mystery of Zhongmou's family changing their surnames.

The inscription records that the surname change occurred after the school met: in an imperial examination during the Qianlong period, Zhongmu's surname met with the surname of a foreign school by chance. They all know that they come from the same ancestor. From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, they were separated for more than 300 years, but after meeting each other, they were all ecstatic and reported the good news to their respective people. The surname of other local schools is too long, and Zhong's surname was changed after the whole family discussed it.

More than 300 years can not only be isolated from each other, but also have a strong desire for identity. What kind of consanguinity and family experience can brew such great power?

According to the inscription on the tombstone, "Jiao" and "Jiao" are not their real surnames, but "each family takes its name". For some needs, they must deliberately hide their true identity. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, who said that he became "careless" and needed to hide his identity? There is only one answer, that is, because the surname family of Zhongmou School has been passed down from generation to generation, they are "Tatars" and Mongolians. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, ethnic conflicts were extremely acute, and the story of "Killing Tartars on August 15th" circulated among the people was enough to illustrate the situation at that time.

"Jiao" and "Jiao" are similar in shape and sound, which means that the one who escaped to Zhong Mou painted "Jiao" sound, while the other painted "Jiao" sound, so after meeting, Zhong Mou corrected it.

At this time, it is already the world of the Qing Dynasty, and they don't need too many taboos, so they have a chance to meet each other calmly.

This is also an extremely important thing for Xiao Xiushu, the owner of the tombstone, so his tombstone broke the routine and engraved an inscription on the front of the tombstone to record it.

According to expert analysis, the surname of the school may be a descendant of the Mongolian royal family.

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For school Li Wei, there are still too many questions about these short dozens of words on the tombstone. According to tombstones and family legends, although the basis is not sufficient, it can be preliminarily judged that the surname of Zhongmou Sect is a descendant of Mongols. However, the desire to trace the latitude origin of the school is far from being satisfied. Can we have a better understanding of the origin of the family? He took a short inscription and asked the experts of Yuan history. Although he hit a wall, some experts gave him a serious answer.

Gao, a professor at Nanjing University, wrote back, which made the captains understand an important message: according to the tombstone records, the ancestor of the school surname was indeed a vassal king as in the legend.

Professor Gao's "food city" refers to fiefs; Compared with "Chao Zhong", "Cao Mang" refers to the common people, which means that the king became a common people after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. "The death of book records" means the loss of genealogy; "Title" should refer to the title of king.

Professor Gao said that the "vassal" mentioned in the inscription means "vassal state", which generally refers to the king or vassal state, not necessarily the king of Mongolian vassal state. The key to understand this problem is to find out who was the fief in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province at that time and what happened later.

The patient answers of famous professors have eliminated many questions in the proofreading process. The key to the problem is to find out whose fief Hongdong County in Shanxi was at that time. He was surprised by the results of the search. The southern part of Shanxi, including Hongdong, is the fief of Badou, the grandson of Genghis Khan! Badou was the commander-in-chief of Mongolia's Western Expedition and the founder of the huge Qincha khanate. How did he have a fief in Shanxi?

Li Wei found another history expert online, hoping to get help. But experts disagree. Li Wei saw his website on the Internet and wrote an inscription, hoping to arouse his interest. As a result, the expert wrote back a week later. His explanation of the specific words in the inscription is the same as that of Professor Gao. The answer to the question in Hongtong County is:

"Hongtong County belonged to Pingyang Road (later changed to Jinning Road) in the early Yuan Dynasty. 1236, Yuan Taizong Wokuotai (the third son of Genghis Khan) gave Pingyang Road to his brother, the Badou family, the son of Genghis Khan's eldest son Shu Chi, as a fief. Later, Badou subdivided the land into various descendants. Badou and his descendants have established a country in today's Russia (known as Chincha Khan or Golden Account Khan in history), but they still enjoy part of the taxes on the land (five households and Yin Bao). They can send their subordinates to the land to serve as a great scholar's pool, and maybe someone from a royal family will come to settle on the land. "

The expert hopes that the school will provide more historical materials to help determine its ethnic group. A few days later, the expert sent another short message, showing a cautious attitude: "My opinion is for your reference only, because I haven't seen your original materials, so I can't judge, so please don't announce that this is my appraisal."

The expert's advice helped Li Wei a lot, but he had already done what the expert asked him to do. After years of repeated inquiries by the family, he didn't find any genealogical information, and he probably lost it all. He has also checked the local chronicles he can find, and the first-hand information can only be found when he has the opportunity.

How did the descendants of the Mongolian royal family come to the Yellow River?

There is a custom in Mongolia that the eldest son gives him some cattle and sheep when he grows up and tells him to fly away. The second child grew up and gave him some cattle and sheep to close the distance; The youngest child lives with his parents. Genghis Khan, who enfeoffed hundred schools of thought, also observed this ancient habit and enfeoffed his eldest son to the farthest place.

If the surname of Zhongmou Sect is really a descendant of Badou, they should have lived in the Volga River valley and lived in Russia for more than 200 years, and they should also become local residents. How did they come to China and the Yellow River?

We haven't found any direct information about this problem. We can only make some logical guesses based on historical data.

Badou has four sons. According to the existing records, only his eldest son, Salida, has been to China.

Genghis Khan's four sons have contradictions. Shu Chi, the eldest son, has a friendly relationship with Tuo Lei, the fourth son, but has a bad relationship with Chahetai, the second son, and Wokuotai, the third son. 1248, when Gui died, Badou became the oldest and most powerful patriarch. He helped Tuo Lei's son Mongo (Kublai Khan's father) inherit the status of Khan. 125 1 year, after Mongo officially acceded to the throne, the Batou Sect.

His eldest son, Salida, returned to Wan Li for a pilgrimage. 1255, Badou died in a camp in the lower reaches of the Volga River. Mungo appointed Surida as Qincha Khan and returned to the khanate to inherit the khanate. According to western historical records, Sarita died on his way home or shortly after reaching the Volga River.

Because Ba Dou's influence is in the west, China's history books have few records about his family, while the western history books have many records. Among the four sons of Badou, the lineages of the second and third sons are clearly recorded. The fourth son died when he was young, leaving no children. However, the records about Salida are different. Some people say that he has no sons, while others say that he has at least two sons.

According to these data, it is speculated that Sally brought her family when she came back to worship Mongo, or he got married and had children here for a year or two. When the news of Badou's death came, he must have left in a hurry and forgot to bring his family. It's a pity that he died halfway, or just arrived in the Volga River and didn't have time to send someone to pick up his family, so his descendants stayed and were homeless. Considering the friendship between the two families, Mongolian Khan arranged for them to live in Pingyang Road, a fief of Badou, and the descendants of Badou settled in Hongtong County.

When the Yuan Dynasty perished, as a distant relative of the Mongolian royal family, he was neglected and faced with great danger, so he had to hide his name and flee to other places.

According to the information found, Li Wei got a general idea of the route at that time: the whole family fled to Luancheng, Hebei, then one of them fled south to Henan, and finally settled in Zhongmou. The "school surname" mentioned in the tombstone inscription is a branch of Luancheng, Hebei Province. He once wrote to contact the surname of Luancheng School in Hebei, and the other party replied that the old people all knew that there was a family post in Henan, and some even heard the legend of the previous generation that they were related to the surname of Henan School, and their genealogy was also lost. Some people say that the surname of Henan school has been taken away.

School Liwei said that the family population who fled at the end of the Yuan Dynasty may be called "mighty", unlike other immigrants who were lonely and helpless. When I arrived in Zhongmou, I built two villages, one is Jiaozhuang in the south of the county, and the other is Jiaojiagang near Dong Zhang. Because of their rich family background, they quickly developed into a prominent local family. Under normal circumstances, they should leave a wealth of family information, but for them, this is an extraordinary period, and if the true identity of the family is exposed, it may cause great trouble. Therefore, "the death of the book record" is also a matter of reason. However, after the Qing dynasty, there was not much danger at home, and I recognized my relatives in Hebei. At that time, their identity was still very clear within the family, and I believe that the relevant information should be written down. Unfortunately, after 100 years of social unrest, these materials have been lost.

At present, Zhongmou's school surname does not fully agree with his Mongolian identity. Some people are even very unhappy with what the Mongols said, afraid that others will call themselves "Tatars" and take pride in their Han identity. 1999, a new stone tablet was erected in the ancestral grave of the school family, and its ethnic origin can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. Li Wei said that he introduced the inscription on the tombstone and the conclusion of his years of research to his respected elders at home, and the other party accepted it.

Many years ago, Li Wei had the idea of doing DNA identification. Recently, he read this newspaper that an American professor is a descendant of Genghis Khan and became interested again. He wrote a letter to Sykes, a professor at Oxford University, asking him how he got the genetic map of Genghis Khan and whether it was credible, but Sykes hasn't written back yet.

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