Three versions of Wolf

One evening, a butcher came back with goods and meat. A wolf came to see the meat, which seemed very coveted, and followed the butcher for several miles. Sudden fear shows that it is a blade, but not as good as it is; Walk, walk, walk out of it. It's better to hang it on a tree and get the meat that the toast wolf wants. Then hook up the meat and hang it between the trees, showing that it is empty. The wolf is the only one. Tugui, I went to get the meat and looked at the giant hanging from the tree in the distance. It looked like a person hanged. Wandering around myopia will kill the wolf. Looking up carefully, I saw that the wolf had meat in his mouth, which stung the wolf's upper jaw like a fish swallowing bait. At that time, the price of wolf skin was high, more than ten gold. It's ridiculous to ask for fish from the wood, and the wolf will suffer!

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A butcher came home from selling meat. It was getting late, and suddenly a wolf rushed in and looked at the meat in the bag, as if he were greedy. It followed the butcher for several miles. The butcher is afraid, take a knife to scare him, and he will take a step back; When the butcher goes forward, he follows. The butcher thought that the wolf wanted meat, so it was better to hang the meat on the tree for the time being and pick it up the next morning. So he hooked the meat, stood on tiptoe and hung it on the tree, and then showed the empty bear to the wolf, and the wolf stopped. When the butcher went back to get the meat at dawn, he saw a big thing hanging on the tree in the distance, which looked like a person hanging on the tree. He was frightened and looked at it hesitantly. It turned out to be a dead wolf. Looking up carefully, I saw the wolf biting the meat, but the hook hooked its upper jaw, just like a fish taking the bait. At that time, the wolf skin was very expensive, worth more than a dozen gold, so the butcher had some money. People say that climbing trees is for fish, but wolves climb trees for disaster. This is really funny!

Secondly,

Ah Zai came home late, and all the meat in his burden was eaten, leaving only bones. I met two wolves on the way. It's a long way. Tu fear, throw a bone, the wolf gets a bone, and the wolf follows; After the re-voting, the post-wolf stopped and the former wolf came again; The bones were exhausted and the two wolves drove together as before. Tu was embarrassed. He was afraid of being attacked by the enemy. There was a wheat field in Guye, which was built into a hill by the landowner's salary accumulation. Tu Naiben leaned against it and took the knife carefully. Wolves are afraid to go forward, eyeing each other. When I was a child, a wolf left; One of the dogs sat in front of him. For a long time, his eyes seemed dull and lazy. Tu suddenly and violently, one knife to cut the wolf's head, several knives to kill it. After turning to the accumulated salary, a wolf got into it and planned to attack the rear in the tunnel. The body is half in, showing its tail. After the slaughter, the stock will be broken and killed. Only then did Fang realize that it was the wolf who had taken a nap and covered it up to lure the enemy. Wolves are afraid, too And two moments of death, the beast becomes a deceptive geometry, just to increase the punch line!

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A butcher came home late that night. He had sold out all the meat in his load, leaving only some bones. I met two wolves on the road and followed them for a long time. The butcher was afraid and picked up a bone and threw it out. One wolf got the bone and stopped, and the other wolf followed. He picked up another bone and threw it. The wolf who got the bone stopped later, but the wolf who got the bone first followed. The bones have been thrown away, and the two wolves are still chasing together as before. The butcher was very anxious, fearing that he would be attacked by wolves. I saw a threshing floor in the wild. The owner piled firewood on the threshing floor and built it like a hill. The butcher then ran over, leaned over the pile of firewood, put down the burden and picked up the butcher's knife. Both wolves dared not go forward and stared at the butcher. After a while, one wolf went straight away, and the other wolf squatted in front like a dog. After a long time, the wolf's eyes seem to be closed, and it looks very leisurely. The butcher suddenly jumped up, cut the wolf's head with a knife and killed the wolf with several knives. The butcher was just about to hit the road when he turned to the back of the haystack and saw another wolf digging a hole in the haystack, trying to get through and attack the butcher from behind. The wolf's body is already half, showing only his ass and tail. The butcher cut off the wolf's hind legs from behind and killed the wolf. Only then did I know that the wolf in front was pretending to sleep, but it was originally used to lure the enemy. The wolves were too cunning, but after a while, both wolves were hacked to death. How many tricks can animals use? It's just a joke.

third

A massacre at dusk, forced by wolves. There was a room left by the night tiller by the roadside, and it rushed into the shadow. The wolf poked his paw in, and the butcher caught him. He couldn't get out and died without thinking. It's just that the space of the knife is not enough, so I cut the skin under the wolf's paw and blow it by blowing. When I wanted to blow it away, I felt that the wolf was not very active, so I tied it to the belt. Out of sight, the wolf swelled like an ox, its legs were crooked and its mouth could not be closed. Then take it back. If it weren't for the massacre, Wu Can made this plan!

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A butcher was walking on the road at night and was crushed by a wolf. There was a tent by the roadside, where people lived at night. He ran in and hid in it, and the wolf put his paw into the straw mat to look for it. The butcher immediately grabbed its paw to stop it from coming back, but he couldn't let the wolf die. With a knife less than an inch around me, I cut off the skin under the wolf's paw and blew it like a pig. Blowing hard for a while, I felt that the wolf didn't move much, so I tied it with a belt. When I came out, I saw the wolf as big as an ox, its legs were straight and could not be bent, and its mouth could not be closed normally. So I brought it back. Not a butcher, who can come up with this idea?

These three stories are all about butchers; It can be seen that the butcher is cruel, but there are still wolves.

[Edit this paragraph] Text (2)

To annotate ...

1) Slaughter: Slaughter livestock. This refers to butchers, people who kill livestock and sell meat.

2) Far: the second is the long way. Affix, connection, here means to follow closely.

3) Throwing bone: the same as "throwing it with bone".

4) follow: follow.

5) parallel drive: catch up together.

6) embarrassed: embarrassed is very urgent.

7) Enemy: Hostility means threatening to attack.

8) Captain: Look, look.

9) Accumulate salary: pile firewood. Wages, firewood.

10) Overhill: Overhill. Cover it. Cover. Cover.

1 1) pool: relax, which means unloading.

12) Pride: Staring at the butcher. Delayed and staring eyes.

13) hour: a period of time.

14) Go straight.

15) Dog sitting in front: Squatting in front like a dog.

16) Jiujiu: It's been a long time. Therefore, auxiliary words and tonal syllables have no practical significance.

17) Ming: Close your eyes.

18) Very laid-back: I look laid-back. Meaning, here refers to expression and attitude. Leisure, leisure.

19) storm: suddenly.

20) kill: kill.

2 1) hole, in which: drilling hole. Hole, here as a verb.

22) tunnel: here refers to the verb, which means to drill a hole.

23) Wei: Asshole.

24) thighs: thighs.

25) catnap: the original meaning is to take a nap without taking off your clothes, which means pretending to sleep here. Sleep, sleep.

26) Gai: This means "original".

27) The geometry of deception by wild animals: How many kinds of deception can wild animals have? Deception, deception, deception. Geometry, how much.

28) Stop laughing: it just adds jokes to people.

1. Flexible use of parts of speech:

Hole: Nouns make holes as verbs. A wolf hole.

Tunnel: Nouns are used as adverbials from tunnels. It is going to dig a tunnel to attack the rear.

Dog: Nouns are adverbials, like dogs. A dog is sitting in the front.

2. Common words

"Stop" is the same as "only", but. There are only bones left.

3. Polysemy:

Stop at the bone. Stop it, the wolf will get the bone.

Meaning expression, meaning what leisure. Italian way, meaning tunnel people attack the back.

If the enemy attacks, he will be afraid of being attacked by the enemy. Enemy, cover and seduce the enemy.

In front, I am afraid of being attacked by the enemy. Go forward, the wolf dare not go forward.

4. Usage of function words:

( 1)

Pronoun, it, refers to the wolf, killed with several knives. Auxiliary words, yes, the changes of animals are geometric.

Auxiliary words, syllable adjustment, no translation, long time. Auxiliary words, located between the subject and the predicate, are not translated, but the two wolves still drive together as before.

(2) to

Preposition, throwing bones. Preposition, used to cut the wolf's head with a knife.

Conjunction, the purpose will follow. Conjunction, used as a cover to lure the enemy.

③ The meaning of "Qi"

(1) Fear the enemy from front to back. (of wolves). (2) Wages accumulated by the owners. (of a threshing floor).

(3) Tu Naiben relied on it. (of firewood piles). (4) a wolf hole in it. (of firewood piles).

(5) The intention is to dig tunnels and let people attack the rear. (of a butcher). (3) After slaughter, its shares are broken. (of wolves).

5. Causative usage

Death: To cause ... death, kill.

[Edit this paragraph] Wolf analysis (below)

Wolf is selected from Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio? Three wolves.

"Three Wolves" tells the story of butchers killing wolves in different situations. The first part focuses on the greedy nature of wolves, and the second part focuses on the wolf's cheating tricks. The third part focuses on the description of the wolf's claws, but they were all killed in the end, so the author affirmed the butcher's just behavior and clever strategy in killing wolves. All three stories have vivid and tortuous plots, which are independent but closely connected, forming a complete unity and expounding the theme from different sides.

This article can be divided into three paragraphs: the first paragraph (the butcher meets the wolf) is about two wolves chasing the butcher, who sometimes gives in and is forced to resist and defend himself. This passage is divided into three layers, from "a butcher came home late" to "a long trip", and briefly describes the time, place and situation when the butcher met the wolf. A butcher who sold meat and came home late was targeted by two wolves when he was "carrying all the meat in his bag, leaving only bones", but pedestrians were cut off and isolated. A few strokes outline the critical situation and tense atmosphere, which is really exciting and paves the way for the butcher's struggle strategy to be described later.

The butcher is afraid of wolves. Facing the unexpected wolves, the butcher is "afraid" at first. So he adopted the strategy of accommodating and "throwing bones". At first, the butcher thought that as long as the wolf's greed was satisfied, he could escape. It seems that as he expected, the situation of two wolves "being far apart" has temporarily changed, and the writing style is very tortuous. However, after the result, the wolf only stopped temporarily, "the former wolf came again"; Until the bones are cast, the hungry wolf is not satisfied, but "the same as before", so the butcher is more dangerous. This fully exposed the greedy nature of wolves and proved the failure of the butcher's concession and accommodation strategy. This is the second floor.

"Tuda's Embarrassment" shows that at a critical moment, he had a fierce ideological struggle. He knew that he was faced with a choice between life and death, either eaten by a wolf or killed by a wolf. Fear of death is useless, concession is useless, and the only way is to kill the wolf. The butcher has learned a lesson in the face of facts and began to consider how to change the unfavorable conditions of "being attacked before being defended". He looked around the wheat field smartly, quickly "ran" under the accumulated salary, put down his baggage, picked up his knife, and used the favorable terrain of the wheat field to change the situation that two wolves were driving side by side on the way and avoid the situation of being attacked by both sides. "The wolves dare not move forward" is the initial effect of the butcher's daring to fight, not that they begin to give in. "Looking at each other" shows that the two wolves are fierce and cunning, and they are also ready to change their strategies and look for opportunities to kill the butcher. In this way, the two sides entered a stalemate stage. This is the third floor.

The second paragraph is divided into two layers. The first floor, from "when I was a child" to "when I was killed by several knives". After describing two wolves "eyeing" the butcher, the author changed his brushwork and wrote that one wolf actually walked away by himself, while the other wolf pretended to be a docile domestic dog, then closed his eyes and dozed off, looking very leisurely. This is a new trick that wolves and butchers play with knives. The article deliberately does not explain, but depicts the cunning image of the wolf with delicate brushstrokes, so that people can savor it carefully and deepen their understanding of the nature of the wolf. At this time, although the butchers could not guess their tricks of luring the enemy to attack again, they had a clear understanding of the ferocity and cunning of the wolf, so they were not deceived by this illusion, but took the opportunity to "suddenly rise" and cut off the wolf's head with a knife off guard, ending its life. In the article, the leisurely illusion of the wolf and the violent action of the butcher set each other off.

On the second floor, the butcher killed the wolf in front of him and was ready to go on his way. After turning to his salary warily, he found another wolf drilling a hole. With the butcher's sharp eyes, the author points out the wolf's attempt to "tunnel in to attack the rear", exposing his self-defeating gaffes of "half in, only showing his tail", and the second "death" has come to a successful end. At this point in writing, the butcher made the finishing touch, pointing out the truth that "the wolf before him is enlightened, and the cover is used to lure the enemy", which closely echoes with the upper level. This makes butchers and readers realize that if they only know the ferocious characteristics of wolves and don't understand the fraudulent side of wolves, they will be deceived; Only see the wolf in front of you, but don't pay attention to the hidden wolf. Be satisfied with a temporary victory and eventually fail.

The third paragraph is the author's punch line. The author pointed out the cunning and treachery of the wolf, and laughed at the end of its sudden death, indirectly praising the butcher's courage and wit, with endless aftertaste.

Pu Songling is a writer who sympathizes with people's sufferings and hates corrupt officials. In Dream Wolf, another story in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, corrupt officials are written as sharp-toothed tigers, and officials are written as flesh-eating wolves. They ate and chewed, resulting in a tragic image of "white bones like mountains". The author thinks they are "reprehensible" and "hateful" (Wang Da). "Three Rules of the Wolf" vividly reveals the wolf's cannibalism and its ferocious and cunning characteristics, and shows the theme that wolves can't have illusions, can't retreat, and can only kill bravely and tactfully. When a butcher meets a wolf, he gives in at first and is almost eaten. Then he rises to kill the wolf and turns himself into a safe place, which highlights this theme. The story of Three Wolves is meaningful and can be said to be a supplement to Dream Wolf. In fact, it embodies the author's thought of flogging corrupt officials. Today, when we reread this story, we can realize a correct truth. This must be the case in dealing with wild animals and class enemies in real life. We must dare to struggle and be good at it in order to win.

Pu Songling (1640- 17 15), Emperor Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty (13)- Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (54 years), died at the age of 76. His name is Liu Xian, and his body length is 1.9 meters. He is also known as Chen Jian, alias Liu Quan laity, and he is called Mr. Liaozhai in the world. Born into a declining landlord family. 18 years old, a boy, famous for being the first in the three exams of county, state and road. He is a doctoral student. However, it was not until 7 1 that he became a tribute student. Forced by life, he was invited by Sun Hui, a fellow villager in Baoying County, to be a guest for several years. I worked as a teacher in Bijia, Xipu Village, this county for nearly 42 years until I was 6 1 year old. 17 14 (fifty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty) died in the first month. Guo Moruo's evaluation of him is that "writing people and ghosts is superior, and stabbing greed and stabbing abuse is three points."

Brief introduction of the author

Pu Songling was keen on imperial examinations all his life, but he was always frustrated. At the age of 72, he was a tribute student, so he was deeply touched by the irrationality of the imperial examination system. He completed 8 volumes of 49 1 Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in his life, with about 400,000 words. The content is rich and colorful, and the stories are mostly taken from folklore and anecdotes of unofficial history, personifying and socializing things in the world of flowers, foxes and ghosts, fully expressing the author's love, hate and good ideals. The works inherit and develop the excellent tradition and expression techniques of the legendary literature of strange stories in China literature, with fantastic plot, ups and downs, concise writing and orderly narration, and are regarded as the highest achievement collection of China's ancient short stories. Mr. Lu Xun said in "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" that this book is "the most famous one in the special collection"; Mr. Guo Moruo wrote an inscription for Pu's former residence, praising Pu's book "writing ghosts and writing demons is superior, stabbing greed and stabbing abuse"; Lao She also commented on Pu's "Ghost foxes have personality, which makes them laugh and scold".

After Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio was written, Pu Songling was unable to publish it because of his poor family, and it was not published until 1766 (the thirty-first year of Qing Qianlong). After many competing reprints, there are more than 30 versions at home and abroad. Famous versions include hanger-on Pavilion Edition and Zhu Xuezhai Edition, and nearly 20 countries have published their translations. There are 100 publications of Liaozhai in China, and 160 dramas, movies and TV series with the story of Liaozhai as their content.

In addition to Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Pu Songling has a large number of poems, plays, folk songs and works in agriculture and medicine. Collection 13 volume, more than 400 articles; Poetry 6 volumes, 1000; Word 1 volume, 100 Yu Tan; Three plays (textual research)

Nine turn peddlers, Zhong Mei's birthday, make a scene); Folk songs 14 kinds (wall stories, ancient songs, compassionate songs, songs, disasters, harp music, Penglai banquet, Junye tea, poor Chinese words, ugly Junba, fast songs, envious spells, lucky fairy songs, and buxing Yunge), as well as Nongsang Sutra and Nongsang Sutra.

Early experience

Pu Songling seldom traveled abroad all his life, and his family was poor, but he often stayed in Jinan. During my stay in Jinan, I left a lot of words, including a poem entitled "Cooking in a Guest House in the Morning":

There is smog on Daming Lake.

I am a writer and have three jobs.

Xiaomi draws water and cooks rice in rice porridge.

The vegetables in the garden are full of yellow flowers.

In just a few words, the vivid scene of Pu living and cooking by Daming Lake in the early morning was made clear. Especially in the last two sentences, we talked about boiling corn porridge with spring water and cutting vegetarian dishes including day lily on the chopping board to match snacks. You can imagine that Pu Songling cooked by himself at that time, and the breakfast was delicious.

Pu Songling described that cooking millet porridge with vegetables for breakfast is also a daily dietary custom in most parts of Shandong. Shandong people like to eat porridge in the morning. There are many kinds of porridge, including millet porridge, rice porridge, millet mung bean porridge, jiangmi porridge, bean juice porridge, red bean porridge, lotus leaf porridge and so on.

Pu Songling and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio —— Professor Ma Ruifang's Speech at Shandong University

If I ask you a question, which is the best novel in ancient China? There is no doubt that the vernacular novel A Dream of Red Mansions. If we ask again: Which novel is different from A Dream of Red Mansions in artistic form, but its achievements are comparable? The story of the lonely studio, a collection of short stories in classical Chinese. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, with a short story and a long story, constitutes the twin peaks of China's ancient novels.

Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is not only the pride of China literature, but also a very influential work in world literature, which often surprises sinologists.

The family is surrounded by women who are worried about poverty.

Pu Songling struggled on the poverty line all his life. He tried his best to get enough food and clothes; He has been taking part in the imperial examinations for decades all his life, and he has been defeated repeatedly. He suffered a lot to write Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a very magical novel, and the birth of its author is somewhat magical. In the 13th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, on the night of April 16th of the lunar calendar, Pu, a businessman from Pujiazhuang, Zichuan, Shandong Province, had a strange dream. He saw a monk dressed in cassock, bony and ill walking into his wife's inner room. When Pu woke up, the monk had a copper plaster on his bare chest. He heard the baby crying. It turned out that his third son was born. Holding the baby on the couch, the bright moon leans against the south wing. In the moonlight, Pu was surprised to find that the newborn third son had an obvious mole on his chest. The size and location of this mole are completely consistent with the plaster cast of the sick monk he saw in his dream. The sick monk entered the room, which is Pu Songling's description of his birth when he was forty. Ancient writers in China like to tell their birth very mysteriously. The great poet Li Bai said that he was born when his mother dreamed of Taibai Venus. Father dreamed that a sick monk entered the room and Pu Songling was born. He also explained that I was so frustrated and poor all my life, probably because I was reincarnated as an ascetic. The reincarnation of an ascetic monk is a story made up by Pu Songling in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, but we can see that Pu Songling's life is really bitter. He lives in poverty, he always struggles on the poverty line, and he tries his best to get enough food and clothing; He has been taking part in the imperial examinations for decades all his life, and he has been defeated repeatedly. He suffered a lot to write Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Therefore, we say that Pu Songling has three hardships-life, examination and study.

Let's see how hard his life is. When Pu Songling was young, life was not very bitter, because his father abandoned Confucianism to do business and his family was well-off. Under the protection of his father, young Pu Songling can study with peace of mind and start a poetry club with friends. But it didn't last long, because he separated. Why do you want to separate? Because of family conflicts. Pu Songling's two brothers are both scholars, but both sisters-in-law are bitches. Pu Songling once said in the book: "Every family has a hag at the bedside." His two sisters-in-law are really typical bitches. They often make trouble at home for a little thing. Pu Songling's father had to separate his son. It is unfair to separate, because two sisters-in-law can fight, make trouble and rob, while Pu Songling's wife Liu is virtuous and taciturn. As a result of the separation, Pu Songling was assigned to three old farmhouses, which were so broken that there were no doors, so Pu Songling had to borrow door panels to install them. Give him 20 mu of fertile land and 240 Jin of grain, which is only enough for three months. In this way, Pu Songling had to fend for himself, and he began his career as a private school teacher for 45 years.

Private school teachers are rural primary school teachers, and they teach in private schools with low pay. Calculate a specific account, how much salary can you get as a private school teacher every year? Eight taels at most. What is the concept of eight taels of silver? At that time, a family of four in the countryside needed twenty taels to maintain their life for one year. This account was calculated by Grandma Liu when calculating the crab feast in the Grand View Garden of A Dream of Red Mansions. Therefore, our great writer Pu Songling worked hard to teach for a year, and the money he earned was not enough for half a crab feast in Grand View Garden. After the age of 30, Pu Songling had to support his old mother because of his father's death. How poor is he? "This family is surrounded by women who are worried about poverty." He has a poem called "Japanese Lunch", in which he wrote that the wheat harvest is coming, and there is no food at home, so he has to cook a pot of porridge. At that time, he had three sons and a daughter. The eldest son grabbed the spoon first, went to the bottom of the pot to find the thickest one and put it in his bowl. The second son quit and went up to snatch it from his brother. Pu Songling's daughter stood there, looking piteously at her father from a distance. Pu Songling is very distressed. How can I feed my poor child? Pu Songling also wrote an article called "Sacrificing the Poor God". He said: "I am poor, it has nothing to do with you. Why are you following me all day? I am the owner of one of your nursing homes and the general of your guard. You have to give me a few days off, but you don't relax at all, as if you are two lovers entangled in love? " This is the bitterness of Pu Songling's life. Learning from Pu Songling, we can understand, associate and imagine what it is to write novels.