What does peanut injection period mean?

Peanut is a unique plant, which blooms on the ground and bears fruit underground. It can only bear fruit in a dark soil environment, so people also call it "groundnut".

After flowering and pollination of peanuts, a fruit needle grows on the withered calyx tube, which quickly lengthens longitudinally and grows upward first. A few days later, the ovary stalk hangs on the ground. When the fruit needle reaches 2 ~ 8 cm underground, the ovary begins to lie horizontally, becomes fat and white, and produces dense villi on the body surface, which can directly absorb water and various inorganic salts for its own growth and development. This is a peanut needle.

What are the main environmental factors that affect peanut flowering and fruiting? How to scientifically irrigate and fertilize at flowering stage

When spring-sown peanuts enter the stage of flowering and injection, the nutrients grow rapidly, and plots with good water and fertilizer conditions tend to grow too vigorously, which shows that the overground stems and leaves grow too vigorously, affecting the transfer of nutrients to reproductive growth, resulting in few but not concentrated pods, small but not full peanuts and many empty pods, thus affecting the yield and quality. In order to ensure the stable growth of peanuts and improve the yield and quality, the following management suggestions are put forward for your reference.

First, timely topdressing to promote foliar spraying. After flowering, topdressing can be done. Generally, 40-50 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied per mu, and sand can be applied twice with an interval of 15-20 days to reduce water and fertilizer leakage. For plots with good soil fertility and a large amount of base fertilizer, the amount can be appropriately reduced, generally 20 kg of diammonium per mu, 15 kg of potassium sulfate. Especially in sandy soil lacking organic matter, foliar spraying should be popularized, that is, 30 grams of organic potassium humate and 45 grams of ammonium molybdate should be added into every 30 kg barrel for foliar spraying, so as to supplement nutrition, increase the ability of drought and disease resistance, and promote the downward pricking of fruit needles, once every 65,438+00-65,438+05 days, and for three times in a row, which is outstanding for boron deficiency.

Second, cultivate the soil and meet the needle. Soil cultivation is generally carried out in full bloom combined with topdressing and watering. Grasp that a small number of fruit needles have been buried in the soil, and carry out deep hoeing and soil cultivation to promote the rapid drop of needles and pod setting of peanuts and improve the pod setting rate. The cultivation of the soil does not hurt the roots or press the vines, creating conditions for the high-knot fruit needles to be buried and bear fruit.

Third, promote control reduction and make good use of paclobutrazol. The excessive growth of peanut stems and leaves consumes too much photosynthetic products, inhibits pod development and affects the increase of yield. Therefore, according to the field growth and climate characteristics of peanuts, it is very effective to carry out chemical control in time and reasonably to prevent peanuts from overgrowth and lodging. The time and dosage of chemical control should be determined according to the field growth and climate of peanuts. Generally, when the peanut plant height reaches 35-40 cm, it is used for the first time when the field is closed, and the time is around mid-July; According to the growth situation, when the plant height is 40-50 cm, the second application is carried out from July to early August. Common regulator 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder. The dosage per mu is 30 to 50 grams. Attention should be paid to the following points when applying chemical control agents. 1. Avoid excessive dosage at one time, and use small dosage for 2-3 times, so as to avoid affecting the development of peanut pods, aggravating the occurrence of leaf diseases, causing the leaves to die and fall off in advance, resulting in premature aging of plants. Second, spraying should be carried out after 4 pm, and it should be sprayed again in case of rain within 6 hours; Third, adding a small amount of neutral washing powder when spraying can increase the ability of spreading the liquid medicine and absorbing the leaves; Fourth, when spraying, spray the top growth point of peanuts, and you can't spray it once.

Fourth, control diseases, pests and weeds in time. The main control targets are leaf diseases such as brown spot, black spot and rust. Underground pests such as cotton bollworm, aphid, thrips, blind stinkbug, red spider, etc., and underground pests such as grubs and needle worms that harm peanuts. The above pests and diseases must be prevented in time, and reasonable prevention methods and pesticides should be selected for comprehensive prevention and control. 1. For underground pests such as grubs and needle worms, the control time is generally from late June to early July, and 48% chlorpyrifos 8-1 kg or 50% phoxim EC 1.5 kg can be used per mu, and 50 kg of fine sand can be mixed and applied before watering or raining. Or unfold it and seal it. It can also be diluted with appropriate amount of water, and washed with a sprayer after removing the nozzle. Second, the flowering and fruit-setting period is the most harmful period of leaf pests, so it should be prevented in time. Use 30g of pyrethroid pesticides and imidacloprid per barrel of water for foliar spraying, and add15ml avermectin if it is harmful to red spider. At the same time, add 10% hexaconazole or 10% difenoconazole (Shigao) 15g to control pests. Thirdly, monocotyledonous weeds can be sprayed with quizalofop-p-ethyl or high-efficiency gaicaoneng.

Is it okay to manually press peanuts to the ground during the injection?

Harvesting is artificial acupuncture, which can increase peanut yield.

What is the unearthed date of sowing peanuts?

It takes about 10- 15 days for early-maturing peanut varieties from seed germination to emergence. It takes about 15-20 days for medium-mature varieties.

Supplement:

Characteristics of each growth period

1. Seeds germinate at seedling stage.

The period from sowing to more than half of the seedling unearthed, when the first true leaf begins to unfold, is called the germination period of peanut seeds. During this period, its long roots are the main ones. The temperature should be kept at least above 12℃ in the case of beaded and multi-grain peanuts, and above 15℃ in the case of ordinary and dragon peanuts. Peanut seeds germinate fastest and have the highest germination rate at 25 ~ 27℃, so 25 ~ 27℃ is the best. When the temperature is too high or decreased, the germination time of peanut seeds will be prolonged. The suitable humidity for peanut seed germination is 60% ~ 70% of soil field capacity. Peanut seeds need to absorb at least 40% ~ 60% of the air-dried weight of the seeds to germinate. From germination to emergence, they need to absorb about 4 times the weight of seeds. At the same time, the soil is required to contain enough oxygen to meet the breathing needs during germination.

2. Seedling stage

The period from the emergence of more than half of peanut seeds to the first flower of more than half of peanut plants is called seedling stage. During this period, the root system grew rapidly and the photosynthetic rate reached its peak. During this period, the dry weight of leaves accounted for most of the dry weight of the whole plant, and the relative growth at seedling stage was high, but the absolute growth was not great. During this period, plant height, leaf area or dry matter weight of the whole plant only accounted for about one tenth of the total accumulation of the whole growth period by the end of seedling stage, and temperature had a great influence on the length and growth of seedling stage. In addition, the water content and nutritional status of soil also have certain influence on seedling stage.

3. Flowering and fruiting period

The period from more than half of the plants flowering to half of the plants appearing chicken-headed young fruits is called flowering period. At this time, vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand, a large number of flowering reproductive plants bloom with needles, and vegetative growth is rapid, with spring sowing varieties for 25-35 days and summer sowing varieties 15-20 days. This period is sensitive to moisture, light and temperature, so we should pay attention to the adjustment of light, temperature and water. At the same time, the flowering and heading stage needs a lot of nutrients, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 23% ~ 33% of the total, and a large number of nodules are formed, which can provide more and more nitrogen for peanuts.

4. Pod setting period

During pod-setting period, 50% of plants are full of fruits. During this period, a large number of fruit needles developed into pods, and the nutritional growth reached its peak at the same time. The number of fruits formed generally accounts for 60% ~ 70% of the total number of fruits, and the weight of fruits also begins to increase obviously, and the growth amount reaches more than 30% ~ 40% of the final weight. Sometimes it can even reach over 50%. Pod-setting period is the peak of peanut growth in the whole growth cycle, and the fertilizer absorbed by peanuts also reaches the peak, so the requirements for temperature, moisture, light and nutrients are extremely high, and field management needs to be strengthened.

5. The fruit is fully ripe

When more than half of the fruit of the plant is full, it is harvested when the pod is mature, which is called complete fruit maturity. During this period, the vegetative growth gradually declined and stopped, and the pods increased rapidly, which was the main period of peanut reproductive growth and pod yield formation.

What if peanuts don't stick needles?

chessom

What if it rains continuously during peanut blossom and injection?

Keep breaking it.

When are the peanuts planted?

Peanut, also known as longevity fruit, is usually planted in China from the end of April to the beginning of May. At this time, the weather is good, and the general temperature will be stable at about 12 degrees, which is very suitable for the growth of peanuts. The sowing date of peanuts has been determined. Let's talk about the planting techniques of peanuts.

When sowing peanuts, the density should be well controlled, and basically 2 peanuts per hole can be guaranteed. Then when the peanut seedlings grow out, remember to peel off the soil at the base of the seedlings to expose their cotyledons, promote the formation of the first pair of lateral branches in advance, and crouch the seedlings indirectly according to the development of the situation. Next, we should control the problem of watering peanuts, which can be watered once in time during the flowering and fruiting period and once again during the full fruit period. Finally, we should do a good job in pest control. For example, a certain amount of pesticides can be used appropriately. For example, 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution can be used to control aphids, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution can be used to control peanut virus diseases, and 25 g/l beta-cypermethrin 3000 times solution can be used to control cotton bollworm.

Can peanuts be planted with chlormequat chloride in the next flowering period?

The leaves can't be knocked out, my mother knocked them out, hahaha.

When is the peanut growth inhibitor sprayed?

Application of peanut growth inhibitor in peanut growing areas.

Application technology of common growth regulators for peanuts

I. Paclobutrazol

Paclobutrazol (PP333) is a white crystal, almost insoluble in water, and its solubility in water is only 35× 10-6. Soluble in organic solvents, the solubility in methanol is 5%, acetone is 1 1%, and xylene is 6%. Good storage stability, the pure product can be stable at 50℃ for more than 6 months. Dilute solution is stable at any pH value and is not easy to photolysis. Paclobutrazol produced in China is a wettable powder containing 15% active ingredient. Its solubility and stability meet the needs of agricultural application, and its efficacy will not decrease for at least 5 years at room temperature.

Paclobutrazol is a kind of plant growth retardant, which can be absorbed by roots, stems and leaves of plants. It can inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellin in plants, reduce the division and elongation of plant cells, inhibit the longitudinal elongation of stems, promote lateral growth, and make leaves thicker and darker. In addition, paclobutrazol also has antibacterial effect. Paclobutrazol degrades quickly in plants and slowly in dry soil. Because of the different soil texture, the half-life is generally 6 ~ 12 months. Paclobutrazol has low toxicity to people and animals, and its acute oral LD50 (semi-lethal dose) to rabbits, rats and other animals is more than 500 mg/kg. The results of chronic test showed no carcinogenic toxicity. It is hardly absorbed by skin, has no allergic reaction, has no obvious effect on eyes, and is safe to use.

Paclobutrazol is suitable for plots with sufficient fertilizer and water, vigorous flower growth or virtual growth tendency, and even lodging danger. Peanut fields with normal growth are not suitable for application. During the application period, spring peanuts are in the early stage of pod setting, and summer peanuts are in the late stage of needle setting to the early stage of pod setting, or when the height of the main stem is 35 ~ 40 cm. 30 ~ 50g of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder per mu (the specific amount depends on the growth potential of flowers) is mixed with 40 ~ 50kg of water, and sprayed on the leaves, so as not to be heavy or leak. Under normal circumstances, it can only be sprayed once.

Too much or too early application of paclobutrazol will seriously affect the development of peanut pods, making the fruit deformation small and the shell thicker. Paclobutrazol can aggravate the occurrence of peanut leaf diseases, make the leaves die and fall off ahead of time, cause premature aging of plants, increase the dosage, and the premature aging phenomenon is serious. Peanut seed germination and emergence are particularly sensitive to paclobutrazol. Seed soaking with paclobutrazol (0.5 ~ 1.0) × 10-6 can inhibit germination and delay emergence for 3 ~ 4 days. Therefore, paclobutrazol is not used to treat peanut seeds in production. Paclobutrazol has stable properties, long half-life in soil and large residue. If it is applied continuously, it will increase the content in the soil and adversely affect the seed germination and seedling growth of dicotyledonous crops such as peanuts. Therefore, we should attach great importance to it and apply it cautiously in production.

Second, uniconazole.

Uniconazole (S3307) is also famous for its uniconazole and high efficiency. Pure product is white crystal, which is insoluble in water. Its solubility in water is only 14.3× 10-6 (24℃), and it can be dissolved in acetone, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and other organic solvents. The uniconazole produced in China is mostly soluble powder containing 5% active ingredients, which will be ineffective after being stored at room temperature for two years.

Uniconazole is a plant growth retardant, which has similar effect to paclobutrazol on plants, but its efficacy is stronger than paclobutrazol. Generally, the dosage is the same, and the efficacy can reach 5 ~ 10 times of paclobutrazol. Uniconazole degrades quickly in plants and soil, and there is basically no soil residue. Uniconazole has low toxicity to people and livestock, and the acute oral LD50 of rats and mice is greater than 1800 mg/kg. The dosage of uniconazole is small, the effect is obvious, and there is a trend of gradually replacing paclobutrazol in production.

Uniconazole is suitable for field application with sufficient fertilizer and water and vigorous growth of peanut plants. The suitable application period is flowering or pod setting, the suitable application concentration is (50 ~ 70) × 10-6, and 40 ~ 50 kg of chemical solution is sprayed on each mu of leaves. Spraying at flowering stage mainly increases the number of fruit per plant, and spraying at pod-setting stage mainly increases the fruit setting rate, which can generally increase the yield by more than 10%.

Third, strong and safe.

Zhuang Baoan is a compound plant growth regulator developed by the Crop Chemical Control Laboratory of Laiyang Agricultural College. It is a kind of powder containing paclobutrazol, which is easily soluble in water and has stable properties. This product is easy to absorb moisture, and its efficacy will not decrease after deliquescence. Storage at room temperature for at least 5 years will not reduce the effect. Baozhuangan is a plant growth retardant, which can inhibit gibberellin biosynthesis in plants, reduce plant cell division and elongation, inhibit vegetative growth of aboveground parts, dwarf plants, darken leaves, promote root growth, improve root activity and improve transportation and distribution of photosynthetic products. Zhuang security has low toxicity to people and animals. The oral LD50 of female rats was 5840 mg/kg, and that of male rats was 6 mg/kg. ......