Chinese prose reading and answering routines

Introduction: Prose is known as "beautiful prose". In addition to its spiritual insights and beautiful artistic conception, it also has a fresh, meaningful, simple and unpretentious literary talent. Regularly reading some good prose can not only enrich your knowledge, broaden your horizons, and cultivate noble thoughts and sentiments, but you can also learn the skills of selecting materials, planning the layout of the article, and choosing words and sentences to improve your language expression ability. Chinese prose reading and answering routines

The first step? Reading before doing the questions

This step requires "three readings". ?First reading?—Theme of the article. ?The structure of the second reading article. ? Read out the key words, sentences and paragraphs in the third reading.

First of all, you must read the topic of the article. Today's modern reading is mostly about reading appreciation prose. The prose is scattered in form but concentrated in spirit, which means that the prose draws on a wide range of materials but focuses on the theme. Therefore, in order to better understand how to select materials around the center of the article, you must read the center of the article. In addition, many questions do not have the topic of the test article on the surface, but the topic must be answered when answering. For example, ask what the function of a certain piece of material in the article is. What role can the material in the article play? One of the must-answer points is that it must be to express the service of the center. Especially when it is a positive material, you must answer that this material serves a certain center and expresses it well. to a certain center. Therefore, in the first step, you must try to read the topic of the article.

Secondly, you must read the structure of the article and the author’s ideas. Understanding the idea of ????the article is of great help in understanding the topic of the article, so these two problems must be solved at the same time. Moreover, understanding the structural ideas of the article is necessary for frequently occurring large-scoring summary information questions to avoid missing information points. Furthermore, clearly reading certain structures, such as summary paragraphs, transitional paragraphs, etc., can help answer certain questions.

Thirdly, outline the key words and sentences of the article. What is the key point? For example, the central sentence of each paragraph, the central word in the central sentence, such as the lyrical or argumentative sentences in the paragraph, because they are often the place where the author expresses the theme most directly, and they are often the most important when doing questions later. reference information. Therefore, you should briefly outline them when reading the article.

The second step is to change the question

The so-called "question" means that when we approach the question at the end of the text, we should clearly understand the intention of the questioner, at least know the question What is the specific test? For example, the question asks: There is so-and-so content at the beginning of the article. Please analyze and evaluate it. What is the actual test of such a question? Let's do some transformation: analyze and evaluate the content at the beginning of the article? Examine the role of material selection at the beginning of the prose? It can be answered from the three aspects of content, structure and theme. So the question we have solved is actually to ask: What role does the material selected at the beginning of this article play in the content, structure, and center of the article. What role does the material at the beginning of the article play in terms of content? If it is consistent with the theme expressed, it is often the starting point. If it is contrary to the theme of the article, then it is often a desire to promote before suppressing. What role does it play in terms of structure? It is roughly the general outline or foreshadowing of the full text. What is the role of the theme? It should be to get straight to the point and highlight the main point.

The third step? Answer

The principle of answering is to base on the original text. It can be summarized into three types according to different types. First, it comes directly from the original text. Such questions are often about summarizing information or understanding the contextual meaning of words. Second, use the information in the original text to revise and get the answer. Such modifications often include summarizing the central sentences of several paragraphs into one sentence or several pieces of information, replacing abstract sentences with straightforward speech, compressing parallel sentences into a concise sentence, etc. Third, students need to organize their own answers. But except for the "semi-open question" that may appear at the end of the question (questions such as talking about your own opinions or materials to verify your opinions based on a certain place in the original text), "semi-open" is reflected in half of the understanding and induction from the original text. , half of them come from students' materials), and the remaining questions are often the transfer of knowledge, often answering knowledge points based on the original text, such as expression techniques, rhetoric, etc. Note that these words that can be scored must be clear, for example, the role of describing natural scenery, the role of expressing desire before suppressing it, the role of transitional paragraphs, the role of lyrical comments at the end in deepening the theme, etc.

Another principle for answering? Use the least language to express the most information. Because exams are often scored by looking up information points, whoever answers more information points is likely to get more points.

As for whether the answers should be divided into sections, I advocate dividing the questions into sections, but not randomly. The markers should be able to see your thinking in answering the questions. For example, it can be seen that you answer from two aspects: structure and content, or that your sentence is understood from two aspects: surface level and deep meaning. Answering skills and methods of prose reading

1. Characteristics of prose

In terms of content: the author expresses his feelings about life or deep life experience through objects and records. Express it through people and scenery. The so-called self-awareness is the discovery and understanding of the special meaning and beauty of things.

In terms of form: (1) Focus on personal lyricism, integrating lyricism, narrative, and discussion; (2) Write down the details, and see the big from the small; (3) Hint from the side, Use the reader's imagination; (4) Free writing and flexible structure.

Based on the above two points: the characteristic of prose is that the form is scattered but the spirit is not scattered. When reading prose, you should grasp the mood through the form, understand the thoughts and emotions the author wants to express, grasp the structure and clues (context) of the article, and pay attention to appreciating beautiful language.

2. Prose classification

Narrative prose: prose that mainly records people, narratives, objects, and scenes. This type of prose also focuses on recording certain scenery and scenes. The author does not describe them purely objectively, but combines external objects with internal feelings to express certain thoughts and feelings.

Lyric prose: Prose that mainly expresses emotions. It mainly expresses the author's feelings, passion and wishes about real life. What kind of feelings are expressed in lyrical prose and how they are expressed have a great relationship with whether the ideological meaning revealed by the article is profound and broad.

Argumentative prose: prose that focuses on argumentation. Its reasoning often relies on the brief description of examples, the description of images and the expression of emotions, and it has a strong literary color. Like general argumentative essays, it requires clear viewpoints, accurate concepts, sufficient reasoning, clear levels, and persuasive reasoning. However, it does not require logical reasoning or rigorous argumentation. Common short and concise articles such as essays and miscellaneous thoughts with strong literary nature fall into this category; the author often relies on the description of ancient and modern stories, flowers, birds, grass and insects and other specific things to reason, which appears to be full of wit and emotion.

3. Prose clues

Common clues for prose conception are: using emotion as a clue; using reason as a clue; using objects as a clue; using space as a clue; using space as a clue; Behavior is a clue; writing is a clue. Some articles have not only bright lines, but also dark lines. The characteristics of clues are: structurally throughout the whole text, appearing and disappearing, and having obvious signs (either the title itself, or recurring in the text).

4. The language of prose

The language of prose is rich in emotion, euphemistic and implicit, with harmonious tone and strong expressiveness. When analyzing, special attention must be paid to its specific meaning in the language environment. It must be combined with the context, the author's thoughts and feelings, the language style of the article, and even the rhetoric, in order to understand both the surface meaning of the word and its deep meaning.

5. The artistic conception of prose

The artistic conception is the product of the blending of objective life, scenery and subjective thoughts and emotions, with implicit and profound beauty. Beautiful prose can be described as "blank poetry", and its artistic conception can be compared with poetry. When reading prose, you must be good at using your own feelings to enter the artistic conception depicted in the prose. You cannot ignore language speculation. You must mobilize your rich imagination, combine your existing knowledge and emotions, and gain subjective experience to achieve the ultimate resonance and sublimation of your thoughts.

6. Expression techniques in prose

Common expression techniques include: symbolism, supporting objects to express ambitions, contrasting and highlighting, suppressing desires first, embodying emotions in scenes, borrowing objects to describe people, Associative imagination, setting up suspense, borrowing scenes to express emotions, rendering, rhetoric, etc.

　　(1) Symbol

Prose often uses the writing method of symbol. Symbol is to support the metaphorical meaning, that is, to express a far-reaching meaning through a certain specific image. The "specific image" here is the ontology, the thing corresponding to it is the symbolic body, and the "profound meaning" is the symbolic meaning.

(2) Expressing ambition through objects

It is to use objects to describe people, which is an important method of describing scenery in prose. That is to personify the scenery or scenery written about, and give it human thoughts, emotions and aspirations.

(3) Contrast and contrast

In prose, in order to highlight what the author has written When it comes to objects, authors often use a contrasting method of writing.

(4) If you want to promote something, suppress it first

The article seems to be displeased with the mountains, and prose is more about waves. If you want to praise something, you must first express your dislike for it; if you want to praise someone, For a character, first talk about his shortcomings, etc., and then according to the development of the plot, the purpose of singing and praising is achieved, and this kind of singing and praising is emphasized.

8. The ideological content of prose

The profound meaning in prose is attached to specific things that contain certain symbolic meanings. When writing about people, you can analyze the relationship between characters and the environment, and understand the ideological content of the work based on the author's attitude and feelings towards the characters; when writing narrative prose, you can analyze the characters' performance in events and grasp the details of the scene to grasp the content of the work; when writing about scenery, you can To express emotions through objects, one must analyze writing clues, writing methods, and symbolic meanings to understand the ideological content of the work.

3. Question-answering skills on prose reading

(1) General methods of prose reading

1. Find the "elements". To read narrative prose, one must master the elements of narrative, namely time, place, characters, and events (cause, process, and result), and understand the ideological content of the work by analyzing the evolving nature of characters and events. It can be said that the deeper you understand the characters and events, the more thoroughly you will discover the central idea of ??the article and the more accurate your summary will be.

2. Manage the order. Narrative prose uses narration and description as the basic expression methods. When reading, you should pay attention to studying the order of narrative (sequential narration, interlude, flashback), how to transition and refer to the article, how to start and end, so as to understand both what is going on and what is going on. So.

3. Grab clues. Clues are the context for plot development. The role of clues is to connect events and scenes and run through the plot. The clue of an article is determined by the center of the article. According to the central needs of the article, objects can be used as the line, things can be used as the line; people can be used as the line, feelings can be used as the line; time can be used as the line, and places can be used as the line. In short, anything that can run through a variety of materials, reflect the internal connections between materials, and is conducive to the center, events, and activities can be used as clues for the article. Grasping the clues of the article will help you grasp the content, structure and central idea of ??the article, and make the reading more holistic.

4. Feelings of taste. Lyrical prose focuses on expressing the author's feelings about life, and the author's emotions, anger, sorrow, and joy are all contained in the lines. Lyrical prose often describes the author's emotional journey and expresses the voice of the soul. Therefore, when reading, you must first grasp the author's emotional pulse. Even in narrative prose, since most of the characters written in the article are those whom the author has come into contact with, interacted with, and some are even close friends, and are close friends in times of adversity and tragedy, they are often included in the description of the characters and the narration of events. It infuses the author's deep and unique emotions.

5. Analyze philosophy. It is to explore the philosophy contained in the works. The lyricism of prose is always based on narrative and chanting of objects. This is what is often said about seeing things and thinking about emotions. The emotions expressed by the author in the article are often the author's high understanding of life, that is, the sublimation of his thoughts. It conveys the author's voice and inspires people. If you taste it carefully, it is full of certain life philosophy, especially the works that use objects to express emotions. When reading, you must grasp the intention of the work and understand the author through key sentences (paragraphs). The principle it embodies. The philosophy in lyric prose is often hidden in the following aspects:

① Aphorisms in the article;

② Conclusion at the end of the article;

③ Myth, Analogy of legends and allusions; ④ symbol; ⑤ image of "object".

In other words, it can be summarized as follows:

(1) It is necessary to figure out what materials are selected for the work and what is the central idea.

(2) Look at the juncture between form and spirit, that is, grasp the clues of the prose.

(3) Look at the order in which the author organizes the materials and what angle he chooses.

(4) Taste the language of prose.

(2) Several aspects and test points that should be paid attention to when reading prose

1. Grasp the content of the article and summarize the theme of the article

Prose has a wide range of materials and free writing. The thoughts and feelings expressed are rich and colorful, so accurately grasping the theme of the article is also one of the test points of prose. The method to grasp the theme of prose is: (1) Find the central sentence in the article and the hints and key words that hint at the theme, and summarize the theme of the article. (2) Summarize from the selected materials. The materials serve the center of the article. We can see what views, attitudes, and feelings the author expresses in the selected materials, and find the theme ideas that the author wants to express.

Question format: Directly summarize the theme of the full text or a certain paragraph or the author's thoughts and feelings.

Key points for answering questions: (1) Be able to use the original words and phrases as much as possible. (2) When there are no original words available, pay attention to the accuracy and level of language expression, and be concise and concise without missing the answer points.

2. Clarify the context of the article and grasp the order

In order to express his thoughts and emotions, the author will carefully organize and select materials; he will strive for excellence in expression, paying special attention to the expression of words. A sense of order, hierarchy and proportion. The order in prose generally includes: the order of selected materials, paragraph order, sentence order, word order, etc. For example, clues are the criteria for the author to choose materials. We call them clues. It is the author's choice of material context or description and narrative context.

Question format: Ask directly what the clues of the article are or explain the author’s basis for selecting materials, etc.

Key points in answering questions: Find clues and answer flexibly according to the questions. The key is to be able to identify accurate clues.

3. Taste language

In prose reading, this is a big test point, and it is also the focus and difficulty of the test. It can contain many small items, and the analysis is as follows:

(1) The meaning of the word

The explanation of the word should be inferred based on the context in which the word is located.

Answering ideas: ① Consider the theme of the article or paragraph, and answer the meaning of the words based on the theme; ② Infer based on the content and meaning of the sentences before and after the words. Note: If you know the original meaning of the word, do not ignore the meaning of the word in the context.

(2) Magical use of words

Question format: Evaluate the function (magic use) of the added words or whether the added words can be deleted.

Answer ideas: ①Explain the meaning of the word (in context). ② Expression function. The expressive function of words should be answered in conjunction with the context or theme. The answer should be the role of the word in expressing the author's thoughts, feelings or theme. Sometimes the role of the word in describing the artistic conception of the scene or the character of the character can also be considered. ③Reflect the accuracy or vividness of the words.

(3) The deep meaning of philosophical statements

Such questions are often combined with developmental questions. Sometimes, the meaning of philosophical statements is also simply tested. This kind of question It can be said that type is a must for every prose reading question. For such test questions, the key is to grasp the central word and understand the deep meaning and pun meaning of the word.

4. The role of expression

An article or paragraph generally uses one expression as the main method. In order to express the needs of the theme, several expressions are often used in combination. , sometimes the role of other expressions will be tested (or disguised), and sometimes rhetoric will be integrated here for testing.

(1) The role of description

Description in prose mainly includes description of scenery, characters, etc.

The description of scenery in novels is to exaggerate the atmosphere or explain the seasons and seasons, and to set off the characters; the description of scenery in prose is to directly express the author's thoughts, emotions or themes; the description of characters is mainly to examine the appearance, demeanor, movement, psychology, and the relevant details should be noted. Character description mainly highlights the character's thoughts and personality.

(2) The role of argumentation

Argumentation in prose often reveals the theme of the article or is combined with lyricism to express the author's thoughts and emotions. This test point is generally not included separately. question.

(3) The role of lyricism

Pay attention to the author's ideological and emotional tendencies. Generally, questions are not given separately, but are often combined with word expression test points.

5. Expression technique

Generally refers to the method of writing. It must be the method of writing a paragraph or an article. Common expression techniques are:

① Describing scenes? Borrowing scenes to express emotions, embedding emotions in the scenes, blending scenes, empathizing with the scenes

② Ode to objects? Expressing ambitions through objects

③ Nostalgia category? Express emotions through scenes and situations

④ Historical category? Use the past to satirize the present and use themes to express their feelings

⑤ Farewell category? Express emotions through scenes and scenes

⑥Frontier type? Express one's feelings directly, use scenes to express emotions, etc.

Expression techniques also include: contrast and foil, side description, symbol, chapter to show ambition, allegory, combination of movement and stillness (using movement to set off stillness) , using stillness to set off movement, combining movement and stillness), combination of virtuality and reality (using reality to write virtuality, embedding virtuality in reality, virtuality and reality complementing each other) techniques, etc.

6. Talking about feelings

This is also a popular test question in prose reading, which can be divided into:

(1) To describe the object;

(2) Feelings about the characters;

(3) Taste expressive language;

(4) Put forward your own opinions and questions about certain contents or forms of the article. This test point is flexible and changeable, and the key to mastering it is:

① Be able to accurately understand the meaning of the original text and the author's thoughts and emotions.

② You must have your own clear views or attitudes and cannot be ambiguous.

③When answering questions, the language must be fluent. There should be no wrong sentences, the language should be hierarchical, and you can answer this question by quoting poems or famous quotes.