Popular science knowledge: Weifang, bow your head to read the wind and clouds, and write brilliant chapters in the fertile fields

Riding on the east wind of the province's advancement of meteorological modernization, the Weifang Meteorological Bureau, which has always been a pioneer in agricultural meteorological services in the province, once again faces new challenges and new opportunities for development.

The "Implementation Plan for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Meteorological Service System in Shandong Province" clearly states that the responsibilities and functions of the Weifang Facilities Agricultural Meteorological Service Center will be adjusted to strengthen the supervision of surrounding cities and counties. Agricultural meteorological service product guidance and technical radiation have made it a regional agricultural meteorological service center in the province. ?Based on the existing work, summarize and improve, give full play to the advantages of the agency's technical talents, make Weifang's agricultural meteorological services bigger and stronger, truly exert the regional radiation effect, and build the Weifang meteorological service brand. ?Wang Lingjun, Party Secretary and Director of Weifang Meteorological Bureau, and his leadership team are full of confidence and hope in this.

Demand-driven, keep pace with the times and unswervingly open up new areas of service

Meteorological services must understand needs, discover needs, tap needs, create needs, and meet needs. The so-called "create demand" actually means to take the initiative to understand what the other party needs, what problems meteorology can solve for it, and ultimately achieve the purpose of meeting the needs of all sectors of society for meteorological services. ?The leadership team of Weifang Meteorological Bureau with Wang Lingjun as squad leader has its own meteorological service concept.

Wang Lingjun introduced that Weifang is rich in agricultural resources and has a complete range of agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil, melons, vegetables, fruits, mulberries, and tea. It is an important agricultural product production area. While ensuring food security, Weifang City has developed leading industries based on vegetables and melons. Among them, the national vegetable production base led by Shouguang is well-known in the north and south. At the same time, the supply guarantee capability of other major agricultural products has outstanding advantages.

The reporter learned that, focusing on the vigorous development of modernized new agriculture, urbanized new countryside, and professionalized new farmers and new agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the Weifang Municipal Government has been early in agricultural industrialization operations and agricultural modernization. On the basis of a relatively high level, efforts will be made to innovate the agricultural management system, rural economic organization system, innovative agricultural product quality assurance system, modern rural financial system, and agricultural science and technology system. Among them, in the construction of new rural areas in urbanization, we mainly follow the path of key breakthroughs, demonstration leadership, government promotion, market operation, and promotion of differentiated development to create characteristic towns.

Wang Lingjun said that this will inevitably put forward new requirements for agricultural meteorological services, that is, to further improve weather and climate forecasting capabilities, especially medium and long-term climate predictions, as well as short-term nowcasting capabilities and levels; further strengthen agricultural Meteorological observation, increase monitoring efforts in multiple fields and channels; further improve "through-type" agricultural meteorological services, and truly deliver targeted agricultural service products to farmers; improve and improve the rural meteorological disaster defense system that focuses on prevention , to minimize losses from meteorological disasters.

? To carry the banner of modern agricultural meteorological services in Shandong, we have the first-mover advantage. ?Wang Lingjun said. The reporter learned that as early as September 2011, the Weifang Meteorological Bureau established the province's first modern agricultural meteorological service center, which is dedicated to the research of modern agricultural meteorological services, the development of refined products, and the training of agricultural meteorological service talents. The center combines weather forecasts with crop growth indicators to produce service products and deliver them to farmers in a timely manner, providing powerful help for farmers to make use of climate and meteorological conditions, rationally arrange agricultural production, and scientifically plant and breed crops. It has played an important role in field agricultural meteorological services, facility agricultural meteorological services and characteristic agricultural meteorological services. At present, the center has 4 full-time business personnel, including 3 senior engineers, 1 engineer, and 2 have master's degrees.

Clear the integration of key resources and actively and steadily build a new service pattern

Wang Lingjun told reporters that in recent years, Weifang's modern agricultural meteorological services have developed from scratch to excellence, achieving quality The leap is embodied in the standardization of modern agricultural meteorological service service processes, the regularization and standardization of service methods, and the refinement of service operations. The modern agricultural meteorological service network is becoming increasingly complete, with clear levels and prominent priorities. The construction of "two systems" has achieved diversification in form and refinement in content.

The reporter learned from the Weifang Meteorological Bureau that the bureau relied on data monitored by automatic weather stations in greenhouses in Shouguang and Changle, combined with the types of vegetables and fruits grown in the greenhouses, to establish a greenhouse vegetable growth system. Condition database and meteorological disaster early warning system for vegetable production?. In view of the production season and growth characteristics of greenhouse vegetables, a service system has been established to issue continuous cloudy weather forecasts, short-term forecasts of meteorological factors in greenhouses, and weather forecasts such as strong winds, cold waves, low temperatures, and heavy snow, so that farmers can plan seedlings, grafting, and pest and disease control in advance. , picking and other agricultural production, effectively playing the role of the meteorological department.

At the same time, the Weifang Meteorological Bureau carries out refined forecast services for brand development based on the principle of coordinating photo areas and highlighting key points. A refined forecasting service system for four brands of agricultural products has been established and has achieved outstanding results.

---Weixian Radish Meteorological Service System. The Weifang Meteorological Bureau has established a meteorological service database for small shed planting in early spring and open-air cultivation in autumn based on the needs of planting in two seasons a year and based on the monitoring data of the automatic weather station in Hetan Town, Hanting District, Weixian Radish Production Base.

Changle Watermelon Weather Service System. Changle watermelon cultivation has achieved three seasons of production a year, two of which are greenhouse watermelons. Weifang Meteorological Bureau established a meteorological service database for greenhouse watermelon growth from February to April and April to June based on the monitoring data of the Changle Watermelon Base Greenhouse Automatic Weather Station. The focus is on monitoring and forecasting microclimate conditions such as continuous cloudy days, low temperature and cold damage during critical periods such as seedling cultivation, transplanting, and pollination in greenhouses, and providing timely short-term nowcast and warning services for extreme weather such as strong winds, cold waves, and hail.

Anqiu Dajiang? Meteorological service system. Weifang Meteorological Bureau relies on the automatic weather station of Dajian Base in Shidui Town, Anqiu, to establish a five-element database of ground temperature, shallow ground temperature, air temperature, humidity, and precipitation. According to the growth and development characteristics of ginger in the seedling stage, vigorous period, and rhizome dormancy period, we focus on monitoring and forecasting services for ground temperature, air temperature, and humidity from late March to early April, providing services for large sheds, small sheds, and open-air mulch cultivation, etc. Ginger production provides forecasts for suitable sowing periods, refines key service measures that are greatly affected by changes in meteorological factors during each growth and development period of ginger, and promptly releases forecast and warning information for high temperature and humidity, waterlogging, and first frost.

Linqu Cherry? Meteorological service system. Weifang City has established a microclimate information database for Linqu cherry cultivation based on the monitoring data of the cherry base automatic weather station in Shanglin Town, Linqu County. Based on the phenological data and meteorological data of fruit trees during the flowering period, we study the laws of climate change and provide timely forecasts for fruit tree blooming, fruit setting and frost in spring. We focus on making weather forecasts such as temperature, accumulated temperature, strong winds and cold waves during the period of large cherry sheds in early and mid-January. Meteorological services in these key links can enable Linqu cherry to be put on the market one week in advance, and farmers can double their income.

Highlight characteristics to create highlights, scientific innovation to create new service brands

Weifang City is an important facility agriculture production site in my country, and the annual output value of facility agriculture accounts for more than 40% of the total local agricultural output value. Facility agriculture has become an important pillar for Weifang City to absorb rural labor and increase farmers' income.

Weifang’s facility agriculture started very early and has very distinctive characteristics. In addition to Shouguang vegetables, each county and city has its own distinctive brand of agriculture, which has formed a “one county, one product” planting industry cluster. This Putting forward higher requirements for our ability to serve farmers, Zheng Xueshan, director of Weifang Modern Agricultural Meteorological Service Center, said, "We have effectively improved our ability to serve farmers by building a service network integrating agricultural meteorological monitoring, forecasting and services." overall capabilities of the service. ?

In view of the large number of melon and fruit brands in Weifang City and the characteristics of brand production bases and intensification, in recent years, the Weifang Meteorological Department has launched projects in "Linqu Big Cherry", "Qingzhou Flowers", "Shouguang Vegetables", Nine microclimate observation stations were built in the greenhouses of key characteristic planting bases such as "Weixian Radish", and monitoring equipment was installed to conduct 24-hour tracking and observation of the entire growth period of various crops.

The reporter learned that the Weifang Meteorological Bureau, based on the principle of coordinating the photo area and highlighting key points, focused on "Linqu Big Cherry", "Zhucheng Yellow Smoke", "Shouguang Vegetables", "Weixian Radish", and "Changchang" Special agricultural meteorological services for Lexigua and Anqiu Dajiang.

Among them, facility vegetable microclimate observation stations have been established in Shouguang and Qingzhou facility vegetable production bases, greenhouse watermelon microclimate observation stations have been established in Changlean Shanghu Watermelon Production Base, and three facilities have been established in Linqu Fruit Demonstration Garden and Yuezhuang, Shanglin and Xinzhai. The large cherry production base has established open-air and greenhouse large cherry microclimate observation stations, the Weixian radish microclimate observation station has been established at the Hanting Riverside radish production base, the ginger microclimate observation station has been established at the Anqiu Linghe ginger production base, and the Zhucheng Xinxing A yellow smoke microclimate observation station was established at the tobacco production base, and a flower microclimate observation station was established at the Huanglou flower production base in Qingzhou, laying a solid foundation for refined and characteristic agricultural meteorological services.

The Weifang Meteorological Bureau has compiled and revised the growth observation data of different crops over the years, established a meteorological disaster grade forecast system and refined indicator database for various facility agricultural crops, and compiled the "Weifang City Agricultural Meteorological Precision "Handbook of Chemical Indicators and Service Key Points", the forecast products have basically covered the city's key facility agricultural crops, and can provide targeted and refined forecast services based on different crops to scientifically and effectively serve facility agricultural production.

During the facility agricultural meteorological service period, the agricultural meteorology personnel of the Weifang Meteorological Bureau produce a facility agricultural meteorological service special report every day, and a facility agricultural meteorological service weekly report every Monday to provide guidance on future weather. conditions and make recommendations based on the needs of different crops. Especially when disastrous weather such as heavy rain, strong wind, low temperature, heavy snow, and continuous cloudy days are forecast to have a greater impact on facility agriculture production, agricultural meteorology personnel will combine the microclimate forecast results of facility agriculture based on the occurrence time and scope of the disastrous weather. and the actual production of local facility crops, assess the impact of disastrous weather on facility agriculture production in advance, and promptly release and produce meteorological disaster early warning products for facility agriculture to farmers.

?Facility agricultural meteorological services are very time-sensitive. For plants that are extremely sensitive to temperature requirements, such as flowers, receiving early warning a few hours in advance allows growers to have sufficient time to adjust the greenhouse temperature, and the final benefit is Completely different?. Agricultural meteorology expert Yuan Jing said, "Based on the purpose of rapid and accurate release, Weifang Modern Agricultural Meteorological Service Center has developed a one-click release system for facility agricultural meteorological disaster early warning information, which realizes LED, LCD, early warning loudspeaker, email, The one-click quick release of 7 information release channels, including mobile phone text messages, Tencent Weibo, and fax, significantly enhances the timeliness of information. ?

Summarize and improve, be based on the long-term, and coordinate and promote the new journey of service planning

? Making agricultural meteorological services bigger, stronger and better, giving full play to regional advantages, must be throughout the construction of meteorological modernization. ?Wang Lingjun said so. In August this year, the "Weifang City Implementation Plan for Comprehensively Promoting Meteorological Modernization" was officially released. Based on the summary and demonstration of modern agricultural meteorological services, higher goals and requirements were put forward.

Through the plan, it is not difficult to see the ambitions of Weifang Weather People.

By 2017, the construction of rural meteorological disaster prevention system will be further strengthened. Establish a complete rural meteorological disaster prevention organizational system and a rural meteorological forecast and early warning information dissemination system. Strengthen rural meteorological disaster prevention and reduction management, and improve town (street) meteorological emergency preparedness certification. Establish a town (street) meteorological disaster prevention leading group and establish a town (street) meteorological disaster emergency plan and meteorological disaster prevention rules and regulations. Establish meteorological information service stations in all towns (streets), establish a team of rural meteorological coordinators and information personnel covering all towns (streets) and villages, and strengthen operation, management and training. A rural meteorological information dissemination system covering all towns (streets) and villages will be established with meteorological electronic display screens, weather warning loudspeakers, and mobile phone weather text messages as the main body. We will vigorously carry out scientific publicity on rural meteorological disaster prevention and reduction, and carry out the construction of meteorological science popularization demonstration villages and demonstration schools. Focusing on meteorological forecast and early warning, agricultural meteorological disaster prevention, agricultural weather forecast and facility agricultural weather forecast, vigorously develop "through-type" meteorological services for new agricultural business entities to improve agricultural meteorological disaster prevention capabilities.

By 2017, modern agricultural meteorological service capabilities will be significantly improved. Strengthen research on agricultural meteorological service methods, improve analysis and evaluation indicators and models, and expand modern agricultural meteorological services such as agricultural weather forecasting, microclimate forecasting for facility agriculture, crop yield forecasting, soil moisture monitoring and forecasting, and growth period forecasting.

Improve the timeliness, pertinence and quantification level of agricultural meteorological information products, achieve full-process agricultural meteorological intelligence information analysis and evaluation covering the pre-production, mid-production and post-production of major crops and propose targeted production management measures. Carry out pre-disaster risk analysis, early warning and forecasting, mid-disaster tracking, monitoring and diagnosis, and post-disaster assessment and analysis of major agricultural meteorological disasters in the city. The scope and types of disaster assessment have been significantly expanded, forming stable business capabilities and standardized business products. Complete the city's refined agricultural climate zoning and agricultural meteorological disaster risk zoning. Continuously expand the field of agricultural meteorological services, strengthen decision-making agricultural meteorological services for governments at all levels and relevant departments, strengthen "straight-through" agricultural meteorological services for various farmers' professional cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, large planting and breeding agricultural machinery, etc., and enrich service content. Expand service means and improve agricultural meteorological service efficiency.

Behind the ambitions are the Weifang Meteorological Bureau’s carefully condensed agricultural meteorological services and rural meteorological disaster prevention and reduction capacity improvement projects:

? Improve the construction of meteorological disaster prevention and reduction systems and mechanisms. Establish and improve the team of town (street) meteorological information service stations and rural meteorological coordinators and information personnel, and strengthen training, operation, and management. Improve the town (street) meteorological emergency preparedness certification work, and promote the innovation of meteorological service management mechanisms in grassroots communities and rural areas. Optimize city, county, town (street) meteorological disaster prevention and reduction institutions, build town-level meteorological disaster early warning centers in meteorological disaster-prone areas, and respond quickly to major meteorological guarantees. Improve meteorological disaster emergency plans and improve meteorological disaster forecasting, early warning and emergency response mechanisms. Strengthen rural meteorological disaster prevention and reduction management and improve rural meteorological disaster prevention capabilities.

? Carry out refined meteorological disaster risk zoning and agricultural climate zoning. Carry out a census of rural meteorological disaster risks and establish a database of potential rural meteorological disasters. Establish a key service object database. Establish and improve an agricultural meteorological information dissemination system covering the entire city, town and village, mainly based on meteorological electronic display screens, meteorological warning loudspeakers, and mobile phone weather text messages. Focusing on meteorological forecast and early warning, meteorological information and agricultural advice, agricultural meteorological disaster prevention, and promotion of agricultural meteorological applicable technologies, vigorously develop "through-type" meteorological services for new agricultural business entities to improve the economic and social benefits of agricultural meteorological services.

? Modern agricultural meteorological service capabilities and artificial weather modification support capabilities have reached the leading level in the province. ?In the next two years, this will be the work goal of Weifang meteorological cadres and workers. (Photo/Text/Reporter Sun Yan) This article is an original article, the copyright belongs to the author, and may not be reproduced without authorization!

Author: ?Sun Yan (WeChat public account: Lu Xiaoxiang)