Principle of correcting burst errors by 1. convolutional codes and interleaving codes

The 1. convolutional code is used to correct a single random error, because its bits at a certain moment are related to the information at the previous moment, so it can correct a single burst error, but it can't do anything about a long series of errors.

Interleaving is used to convert a long list of errors into a single random burst error, and then convolutional codes are used to avoid these errors.

Interleaving is to store a string of information in an N*N storage matrix by column, and then take it out by row and send it, thus dispersing a long string of errors, then store it by row and take it out by column, and recover the information when receiving it.

2. This should be the operator's problem. The number of short messages handled by operators at the same time is limited. When a large number of short messages come in, send them first, then wait, which shows the delay in receiving the message. If the number of waiting short messages is greater than the waiting limit, the redundant short messages will be discarded and will not be received.