Comprehensive knowledge about hand, foot and mouth disease

1. Hand-foot-mouth disease handwritten report content

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses. The disease mainly affects infants and young children.

Most patients have mild symptoms, mainly characterized by fever and rash or herpes on hands, feet, mouth and other parts of the body. A small number of patients may be complicated by aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, respiratory tract infection, myocarditis, etc. Some children with severe disease progress rapidly and are prone to death.

Children and adults often do not get sick after infection, but they can spread the virus. Enteroviruses that cause hand, foot and mouth disease include enterovirus 71 (EV71) and certain serotypes of group A coxsackievirus (CoxA) and echovirus (Echo).

EV71 infection causes a larger proportion of severe cases. Enteroviruses are highly contagious and can easily cause outbreaks or epidemics. Hand, foot, and mouth disease can be seen throughout the year, but is more common in summer and autumn.

At the early stage of the disease, there are fever, cough, runny nose and drooling, just like an upper respiratory tract infection. Some children may have symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Later, oval or spindle-shaped blisters appear on the backs of the fingers and toes of the hands and feet. There is redness around the blisters. The fluid in the blisters is clear, and the long axis of the blisters is consistent with the skin lines.

The center of the blister then becomes sunken, yellows, dries, and falls off (desquamates). In addition, there are scattered relatively hard light red papules or herpes on the fingers and toes.

At the same time, there are also scattered blisters in the mouth, such as on the lips, tongue, oral mucosa, and gums. However, the blisters in the mouth burst quickly and form gray-white dots or a gray-white film. There is redness around it, and dot-like or flaky erosion surfaces can be seen under the gray-white film. Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by viral infection. The sources of infection are hands, toys, tableware, etc. contaminated by herpes fluid, throat secretions, and feces.

Its incubation period is 3-8 days. At present, there is no effective treatment for this disease, but the following measures can be taken to alleviate it: 1. Take antiviral drugs, such as ribavirin, virin, etc.

2. Keep the area clean to avoid secondary infection by bacteria. 3. When children have difficulty eating due to oral erosion, they can be given easy-to-digest liquid food and rinse their mouth after meals.

4. You can apply chlortetracycline cod liver oil locally to relieve pain and promote early healing of the eroded surface. 5. B vitamins, such as vitamin B2, can be taken orally.

6. If accompanied by fever, you can use some traditional Chinese medicine to clear away heat and detoxify. The disease usually heals on its own in 1-2 weeks without leaving any sequelae, but it is not life-long immunity, that is, it can still be infected in the future.

In terms of prevention, attention should be paid to taking children to public places as little as possible during the summer when the disease is prevalent. Children should be educated to develop good hygiene habits on weekdays, such as before meals and after toileting. Wash your hands after use; disinfect toys and tableware regularly. Achieve early detection, early treatment and early isolation.

If the disease is prevalent in nurseries or kindergartens, affected children should first be isolated from healthy children, and toys should be disinfected with disinfectant; healthy children can take isatis root granules orally to prevent it.

2. How to diagnose hand, foot and mouth disease

However, like herpetic pharyngitis, oral ulcers of hand, foot and mouth disease can also appear in the front and back of the mouth.

Different from herpetic pharyngitis, hand, foot and mouth disease can also cause papules with small blisters on the hands and feet, especially the ends of the hands and feet (Figure 3 and Figure 4). When there are many rashes, they can appear on the elbows, knees, upper arms, thighs, or even the whole body (Figure 5: appear on the knees).

The blisters can be very small, so you must carefully observe whether the rash changes into small blisters during diagnosis. Another point to note is that after the small blisters burst, small scabs will be left, which look like marks of acne or insect bites. Therefore, it cannot be said that the absence of blisters does not mean that it is not hand, foot and mouth disease.

When you suspect hand, foot and mouth disease, you should pay attention to whether there is a rash on the buttocks (Figure 6). The probability of hand, foot and mouth disease to appear as a rash on the buttocks is very high, but it is often ignored because there is no special observation. The rash here is also an important reference for making a diagnosis of hand, foot and mouth disease.

A common infectious disease that can also cause blisters is chickenpox, and the identification is very simple. The rash of chickenpox is more common on the trunk (Figure 7), which is exactly the opposite of the phenomenon where blisters of hand, foot and mouth disease are concentrated on the ends of the hands and feet.

In addition, most rashes from chickenpox are very itchy, while most rashes from hand, foot and mouth disease are not severe and may occasionally be slightly painful or itchy. The rash of chickenpox can cause blisters from the top of the head to the soles of the feet, including the mouth (Figure 8).

3. Does anyone have common knowledge about hand, foot and mouth disease?

Hand, foot and mouth disease is often spread through the toys, tableware and daily necessities of sick children. It can easily spread in small areas in schools and kindergartens. Therefore, schools and kindergartens are key units for the prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease. It is best to send people to conduct morning inspections every day. The specific requirements for morning inspection summary and reporting shall be implemented in accordance with the regulations of the local education and health administrative departments. The morning examination includes checking whether the child has a fever and whether herpes appears on the oral mucosa, hands, feet and buttocks, which are symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease.

(Information) At the same time, schools and kindergartens must take preventive disinfection measures: open windows frequently for ventilation every day; if there are no children in the room, they can use ultraviolet light to disinfect for more than half an hour. Children's toys must also be disinfected every day; towels must be dedicated to a dedicated person, washed and disinfected once a day, and dried after washing; quilts and mattresses must be exposed to the sun once a week, for more than 4 hours each time, and for personal use; quilt covers , pillowcases, and pillow covers are washed once a week; napkins are disinfected after each meal. Toilets should be flushed at all times. Door handles, stair handrails, bed rails, tables, chairs, bench tops, and faucets must be disinfected every day. Tableware, drinking utensils and containers for direct food must be washed and disinfected before use.

If a student is found to have symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease such as fever, oral mucosa, hands, feet and buttocks, the parents of the child should be notified in time to take them to the hospital for examination. Suspected cases, clinical diagnosis or confirmed diagnosis patients must be isolated and treated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Law.

School doctors and health teachers should do a good job in infectious disease management such as infirmary outpatient diaries and infectious disease reports. If you find a significant increase in cases of the same type, you should immediately report it to the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. And experts remind that frequent hand washing can effectively prevent the spread of enterovirus. Therefore, after returning home from outside, you must wash your hands promptly and correctly.

4. Basic knowledge on preventing hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease is an epidemic skin and mucosal disease caused by coxsackie A16 virus infection. It affects the hands, A herpetic disease that mainly affects the skin and oral mucosa. This disease tends to occur in children, especially infants and young children under 4 years old. There is no obvious gender difference in the incidence, and it is more common in spring and autumn. In addition, the disease is highly contagious, and the virus in salivary droplets can be suspended in the air and spread among people through respiratory inhalation; therefore, hand, foot and mouth disease can often be seen in kindergartens or primary schools during the season. Hand, foot and mouth disease usually has an incubation period of 2-5 days. In the early stage of the onset, systemic symptoms are mild and may include low-grade fever, drowsiness, headache, cough, runny nose, and loss of appetite. Painful small blisters appear on the mucous membranes of lips, pharynx, etc., surrounded by redness. The blisters can merge with each other and burst rapidly, forming white erosion surfaces and superficial ulcers. The pain of the ulcers affects the child's ability to breastfeed or eat. , increased salivation; skin lesions often appear at the same time as oral lesions or later, and are scattered or densely distributed in the palms, soles and buttocks, manifesting as macules or papules, with redness around the macules and no obvious tenderness, with a central Small blisters, yellowish-white oval in shape, as big as rice grains or peas, isolated but not fused, with thick and tense walls, usually dry and scab after a few days. The disease can be cured in 1-2 weeks. Some children may be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. The diagnosis of this disease is relatively easy, but care should be taken to differentiate it from other herpetic diseases such as herpetic pharyngobucitis, herpetic stomatitis and erythema multiforme. Treatment is generally symptomatic. First of all, you must maintain oral hygiene and rinse your mouth with light salt water after eating to prevent secondary infections; take oral antiviral drugs such as isatis root, antiviral oral liquid, etc.; those with secondary infections can take antibiotics. At the same time, patients should be properly isolated and not go to school or kindergarten for the time being to reduce the possibility of the disease spreading.

5. Pictures of how to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease

The onset of hand, foot and mouth disease is generally rapid, and children often have fever, with a body temperature of 38℃~40℃, and the fever duration is usually 4~ 7 days, more than 7 days are rare.

At the beginning of the disease, some children are often accompanied by symptoms such as runny nose, sore throat, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. Small red papules appear on the distal parts of the hands and feet, such as the fingers, palms, toes and mouth, and quickly turn into small herpes. They are 2-4mm in diameter, the size of rice grains, round or oval in shape, with redness around them, and obvious pain.

This kind of rash can sometimes be seen on the buttocks and perianal area of ??children. Clinically, this disease is mainly characterized by herpes on the hands, feet, and mouth, so it is commonly known as hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Oral herpes is mostly distributed on the tongue, buccal mucosa, lips, hard palate, pharynx, tonsils, etc., and quickly turns into small ulcers. Children with salivation (drooling) feel pain when eating, and even affect eating. . Prevention and control measures: Hand, foot and mouth disease is transmitted through many routes, and infants and children are generally susceptible.

Good hygiene of children, families and child care institutions is the key to preventing this disease. (1) Personal preventive measures 1. Wash children’s hands with soap or hand sanitizer before eating, using the toilet, and after going out. Do not let children drink raw water, eat raw or cold food, and avoid contact with sick children; 2. Before caregivers come into contact with children , wash hands after changing diapers for young children and handling feces, and properly dispose of dirt; 3. Bottles and pacifiers used by infants and young children should be fully cleaned before and after use; 4. During the epidemic period, children should not be brought to crowds or places with good ventilation. In poor public places, pay attention to keeping the home environment hygienic, ventilating the room frequently, and drying clothes and quilts frequently; 5. Children should seek medical treatment in a timely manner if they develop relevant symptoms.

Children treated at home should not come into contact with other children. Parents should dry or disinfect the children's clothes in time, and disinfect the children's feces in time; children with mild symptoms do not need to be hospitalized and should be treated at home. , rest to reduce cross-infection. Experts appeal: Hand, foot and mouth disease often "attacks" children under 5 years old. Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by enterovirus. The patients are mainly infants and young children under 5 years old. When the disease occurs, the children's oral cheeks, tongue, soft palate, hard palate, inner lips, Small gray-white herpes or red papules the size of millet grains or mung beans with red surroundings will appear on the palms of the hands, feet, elbows, knees, buttocks, and vulva.

The rash does not look like mosquito bites, drug rash, lip and gum herpes, or chickenpox, so it is also called the "four different things"; clinically, it is not painful, itchy, or scabbed. , the "four no's" characteristics of no scarring. Individual patients may develop serious complications such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema, and aseptic meningoencephalitis, which may be life-threatening.

If there are no complications, most children with hand, foot and mouth disease can recover within a week.

6. Common sense about hand, foot and mouth disease

What is hand, foot and mouth disease? Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enteroviruses. It mostly occurs in infants and young children. It can cause herpes on the hands, feet, mouth and other parts of the body. Individual patients can cause myocarditis, pulmonary edema, aseptic meningoencephalitis and other complications.

Pathogenesis There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses (types) that cause hand, foot and mouth disease, including types 16, 4, 5, 9, and 10 of coxsackievirus group A, and types 2 and 5 of group B. Enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 (CoxA16) are the most common pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease. Incubation period The incubation period of the disease is 2 to 7 days, and the sources of infection include patients and latent infections.

During the epidemic, patients are the main source of infection. The patient can excrete the virus from the throat during the acute stage of the disease; the herpes fluid contains a large amount of virus, and the virus leaks out when the herpes ruptures; several weeks after the illness, the patient can still excrete the virus from the feces.

Source of infection The source of infection of hand, foot and mouth disease is patients and latent infections. During an epidemic, patients are the main source of infection.

The patient excretes the virus from the throat 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of the disease, and excretes the virus from the feces about 3 to 5 weeks after the onset of the disease. The herpes fluid contains a large amount of virus, and the virus will overflow when the herpes ulcer breaks out. Carriers and mild sporadic cases are the main sources of infection during inter- and epidemic periods.

Mode of transmission The disease is transmitted in various ways, mainly through close contact between people.

The virus can be transmitted through indirect contact through hands, towels, handkerchiefs, dental cups, toys, tableware, milk utensils, bedding, underwear, etc. contaminated by saliva, herpes fluid, feces, etc.; the virus in the patient's throat secretions and saliva can be transmitted through Droplet transmission; if you come into contact with water sources contaminated by the virus, you can also be infected through water; cross-infection in outpatient clinics and unqualified disinfection of oral instruments are also one of the causes of transmission.

Susceptible groups: People are generally susceptible to the enteroviruses that cause hand, foot and mouth disease, and can acquire immunity after infection. Since antibodies lack cross-protection after infection with different pathogen types, most adults who are susceptible to repeated infections have acquired corresponding antibodies through latent infection. Therefore, patients with hand, foot and mouth disease are mainly preschool children, especially those ≤3 years old. group has the highest incidence rate.

According to foreign literature reports, it can become popular among people every 2 to 3 years. Epidemic mode: Hand, foot and mouth disease is widely distributed and not strictly regional.

It can occur in any four seasons, but is more common in summer and autumn, and is less common in winter. This disease often occurs in outbreaks and then sporadic outbreaks. During the epidemic period, kindergartens and nurseries are prone to collective infections.

Families also have such clustering of disease. Cross-infection in hospital outpatient clinics and lax disinfection of oral instruments can also cause transmission.

Tianjin has two major epidemics, and the incidence rate among children in day care units is significantly higher than that among children living in scattered areas. It spreads in families, often with one case in the family; in family outbreaks, multiple people in the family or all children and adults are infected.

This disease is highly contagious, has complex transmission routes, has high epidemic intensity, and spreads quickly, and can cause a pandemic in a short period of time. Clinical features: Acute onset and fever; scattered herpes the size of rice grains appear on the oral mucosa, with obvious pain; herpes the size of rice grains appear on the palms or soles of the feet, and the buttocks or knees may occasionally be affected.

There is an inflammatory redness around the blister, and there is less fluid in the blister. Some children may have symptoms such as cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and headache.

This disease is a self-limiting disease, and most patients have a good prognosis and leave no sequelae. A very small number of children can develop serious complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, flaccid paralysis, and pulmonary edema.

Diagnosis Hand, foot and mouth disease is just one of many infectious diseases that can cause mouth ulcers. Another common cause of mouth ulcers is infection with the oral herpes virus, which causes inflammation (and sometimes inflammation) of the mouth and gums. called stomatitis). Doctors can usually differentiate between hand, foot and mouth disease and other causes of oral ulcers based on the patient's age, symptoms reported by the patient or parent, and examination of rashes and ulcers.

Throat swabs or stool specimens can be sent to the laboratory for virus testing, but virus testing takes 2-4 weeks to produce results, so doctors usually do not recommend doing this test. The main diagnostic basis is epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and etiological examination basis when confirming the diagnosis.

1. It usually occurs in summer and autumn; 2. It mainly affects children, and it often occurs in places where infants and young children gather, showing a popular trend. 3. The main clinical manifestations are fever at the beginning and a slight increase in the total number of white blood cells, followed by maculopapular rashes and herpes-like lesions on the mucous membranes and skin of the mouth, hands, feet and other parts of the body.

4. The disease course is short and usually recovers within a week. Prevention principle (1) Strengthening surveillance and improving surveillance sensitivity are the keys to controlling the epidemic of this disease.

Collect *** specimens in a timely manner to clarify the etiological diagnosis; (2) Make epidemic reports, detect patients in a timely manner, and actively take preventive measures to prevent the spread of the disease; (3) Childcare institutions do a good job If suspected patients are found during morning physical examination, they should be isolated and treated in time; (4) Contaminated daily necessities and tableware should be disinfected, children's feces and excrement should be soaked in 3% bleaching powder clarification solution, clothes should be exposed to the sun, and the room should be ventilated and changed. (5) When there is an epidemic, do a good job in environmental, food hygiene and personal hygiene; (6) Wash hands before meals and after going to the toilet to prevent diseases from entering the mouth; (7) Parents should try to avoid letting their children go to crowded public places as much as possible. Reduce the chance of infection; (8) Pay attention to the nutrition and rest of infants and young children, avoid sun exposure, prevent excessive fatigue, and reduce the body's resistance; (9) Hospitals should strengthen pre-diagnosis and set up special clinics to prevent cross-infection.

7. Prevention knowledge of hand, foot and mouth disease

Prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses. The virus of hand, foot and mouth disease is widespread in the population. Susceptible, but mainly children under 5 years old.

The latent infection rate of hand, foot and mouth disease is high, and patients and latent infected persons are the main sources of infection. The disease is mainly spread through food contaminated by patients’ feces, saliva, and pharyngeal secretions, and through direct contact with patients. Broken blisters can also spread the virus. The virus in the patient's throat secretions and saliva can be spread through air droplets. The patient's stool remains contagious for several weeks.

Although there is currently no vaccine for hand, foot and mouth disease, the following measures can be taken to prevent it: 1. Wash your hands frequently, do a good job of environmental sanitation, food hygiene and personal hygiene, and prevent good diseases from entering through the mouth . 2. Hand, foot and mouth disease often occurs in places where infants and young children gather. Therefore, daycare institutions, schools and other units must conduct morning inspections to detect suspected patients in time and isolate and treat them promptly.

3. Contaminated food, daily necessities, tableware, toys, bedding, toilets and other items should be disinfected in time, clothes should be exposed to the sun, and indoor ventilation should be maintained. 4. The main measure to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease is to properly handle the patient's feces and other excreta to cut off the transmission route.

5. During the epidemic period, parents should try to keep their children away from crowded public places as much as possible to reduce the chance of infection. 6. During the epidemic period, you can check the child's skin (mainly the palms and soles of the feet) and oral cavity every morning for abnormalities, and pay attention to the changes in the child's body temperature. Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common and multiple infectious disease, mainly affecting infants and young children. It can be caused by tract viruses, and EV71 virus is one of them.

Generally, it occurs throughout the year, with a high incidence period from May to July. The symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease are generally mild. When most patients become ill, they often have fever symptoms first, maculopapular rashes and herpes on the palms and soles of the feet (redness may occur around the rash), herpes and/or ulcers on the oral mucosa, and severe pain.

Some patients may experience symptoms such as cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and headache. A few patients are seriously ill and can be complicated by encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, pneumonia, etc. If not treated in time, it can be life-threatening.

2. How is hand, foot and mouth disease spread? Is there a vaccine? Hand, foot and mouth disease spreads through many ways, mainly through close contact with the patient's feces, herpes fluid and respiratory secretions (such as droplets from sneezing, etc.) and contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, dental cups, toys, tableware, baby bottles, Infection caused by bedding, etc. There is currently no vaccine for hand, foot and mouth disease, but it is completely preventable and treatable as long as it is detected and treated early.

3. Who is prone to hand, foot and mouth disease? Infants and children are generally more susceptible to the disease, and infants and children aged 3 and under are more likely to get the disease. Since adults have relatively complete immune systems, adults generally do not get sick or have any symptoms once infected.

However, the virus can be spread after infection, so adults also need to take precautions to avoid infecting children. 4. Is hand, foot and mouth disease a new infectious disease? Hand, foot and mouth disease is not a new infectious disease. It is a global infectious disease. It was first recognized and named in 1957. Cases occur every year in countries around the world.

Hand, foot and mouth disease was discovered in my country in 1981, and people become sick every year. 5. Can hand, foot and mouth disease be cured? If you get hand, foot and mouth disease, in most cases it will heal on its own within 7 to 10 days without leaving any sequelae or scars on the skin.

Based on the past incidence and recovery status, only a few severe patients may develop meningitis, pneumonia, etc. As long as they actively cooperate with doctors for treatment, most of them can be cured. 6. What should I do if my child has suspicious symptoms? If your child develops fever, rash and other symptoms, he should go to a medical institution in time and be closely observed at the same time.

Do not go to kindergartens and public places where crowds gather, and avoid contact and play with other children. Once a sudden high fever or confusion, lethargy, muscle or body twitching, difficulty breathing, etc. occur, the child should be sent to the hospital immediately.

7. How do ordinary families prevent it? The key to preventing hand, foot and mouth disease is to pay attention to the hygiene of the home and surrounding environment and pay attention to personal hygiene. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before meals, after going to the toilet, and after going out; do not drink raw water or eat raw or cold food; the room should be ventilated frequently; and clothes and quilts should be dried frequently.

During the epidemic period, do not take children to public places with dense crowds and poor air circulation, and avoid contact with sick children. During the epidemic period, you can check the child's skin (mainly the palms and soles of the feet) and mouth for abnormalities every morning, and pay attention to changes in the child's body temperature.

8. What should you pay special attention to if a child at home is infected? Be careful not to let sick children come into contact with other children; the child's saliva, sputum and other secretions should be wrapped in toilet paper and thrown into the trash can. The child's feces should be collected, disinfected and thrown into the toilet. Do not throw it away casually and disinfect it at the same time. Bedpans; caregivers must wash their hands before touching the child, after changing diapers, or after handling the child's feces; sick children's clothes, toys, tableware, pillows, bedding, etc. must be kept hygienic, and children's daily utensils must be disinfected; windows must be opened frequently for ventilation. If a child in kindergarten gets sick, he should tell the teacher as soon as possible and do not rush to send the child to kindergarten. He should wait a week after all symptoms disappear to prevent infecting other children.

Generally, hospitalization is not required for mild symptoms. Treatment at home and rest are sufficient to reduce cross-infection. 9. How to disinfect daily necessities? If there are no children at home who have hand, foot and mouth disease, general household prevention methods can be used, and there is no need to use disinfectants.

If a child at home has hand, foot and mouth disease, the following methods can be used to disinfect: pacifiers, bottles, tableware, towels and other items are soaked in hot water above 50 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes or boiled for 3 minutes; contaminated toys, Use chlorine-containing disinfectant (84 disinfectant or bleaching powder) to clean tables, chairs and clothes every day according to the instructions for use; it is best to pour an appropriate amount of disinfectant into children's phlegm, saliva, feces, wiping paper, etc., stir and disinfect before throwing away Enter the toilet.

8. Common knowledge on the prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease

Ten questions on the prevention and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease

1. What is hand, foot and mouth disease? What are the symptoms after getting sick?

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common infectious disease that mainly affects infants and young children. It can be caused by a variety of enteroviruses, one of which is EV71 virus. Generally, it occurs throughout the year, with a high incidence period from May to July.

The symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease are generally mild. When most patients become ill, they often have fever symptoms first. Maculopapular rashes and herpes appear on the palms and soles of the feet (redness may occur around the rash). Herpes and herpes appear on the oral mucosa. / Or ulcer, significant pain. Some patients may experience symptoms such as cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and headache. A few patients are seriously ill and can be complicated by encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, pneumonia, etc. If not treated in time, it can be life-threatening.

2. How is hand, foot and mouth disease spread? Is there a vaccine?

Hand, foot and mouth disease is transmitted through many ways, mainly through close contact with the patient's feces, herpes fluid and respiratory secretions (such as droplets from sneezing, etc.) and contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs and dental cups. , toys, tableware, baby bottles, bedding, etc. and become infected. There is currently no vaccine for hand, foot and mouth disease, but it is completely preventable and treatable as long as it is detected and treated early.

3. Who is prone to hand, foot and mouth disease?

Infants and children are generally more susceptible to the disease, and infants aged 3 and under are more likely to get the disease. Since adults have relatively complete immune systems, adults generally do not get sick or have any symptoms once infected. However, the virus can be spread after infection, so adults also need to take precautions to avoid infecting children.

4. Is hand, foot and mouth disease a new infectious disease?

Hand, foot and mouth disease is not a new infectious disease. It is a global infectious disease. It was first recognized and named in 1957. Cases occur every year in countries around the world. Hand, foot and mouth disease was discovered in my country in 1981, and people become sick every year.

5. Can hand, foot and mouth disease be cured?

If you get hand, foot and mouth disease, in most cases it will heal on its own within 7-10 days, without leaving any sequelae or scars on the skin. Based on the past incidence and recovery status, only a few severe patients may develop meningitis, pneumonia, etc. As long as they actively cooperate with doctors for treatment, most of them can be cured.

6. What should I do if my child has suspicious symptoms?

If your child develops fever, rash and other symptoms, he should go to a medical institution in time and be closely observed at the same time. Do not go to kindergartens and public places where crowds gather, and avoid contact and play with other children. Once a sudden high fever or confusion, lethargy, muscle or body twitching, difficulty breathing, etc. occur, the child should be sent to the hospital immediately.

7. How do ordinary families prevent it?

The key to preventing hand, foot and mouth disease is to pay attention to the hygiene of the home and surrounding environment, and pay attention to personal hygiene. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before meals, after going to the toilet, and after going out; do not drink raw water or eat raw or cold food; the room should be ventilated frequently; and clothes and quilts should be dried frequently.

During the epidemic period, do not take children to public places with dense crowds and poor air circulation, and avoid contact with sick children.

During the epidemic period, you can check the child's skin (mainly the palms and soles of the feet) and mouth for abnormalities every morning, and pay attention to changes in the child's body temperature.

8. What should you pay special attention to if a child at home is infected?

Be careful not to let sick children come into contact with other children; the child's saliva, sputum and other secretions should be wrapped in toilet paper and thrown into the trash can, and the child's feces should be collected, disinfected and thrown into the toilet. Do not throw them away at will, and disinfect the bedpan at the same time; caregivers should wash their hands before touching the child, after changing diapers, or after handling the child's feces; the sick child's clothes, toys, tableware, pillows, bedding, etc. should be kept hygienic, and the child's daily utensils should be disinfected; Open windows frequently for ventilation. If a child in kindergarten gets sick, he should tell the teacher as soon as possible and do not rush to send the child to kindergarten. He should wait a week after all symptoms disappear to prevent infecting other children. Generally, if symptoms are mild, hospitalization is not required. Treatment at home and rest are sufficient to reduce cross-infection.

9. How to disinfect daily necessities?

If there are no children in the family who have hand, foot and mouth disease, general household prevention methods can be used, and there is no need to use disinfectants.

If a child at home has hand, foot and mouth disease, the following methods can be used to disinfect: pacifiers, bottles, tableware, towels and other items are soaked in hot water above 50 degrees for 30 minutes or boiled for 3 minutes; contaminated toys, Use chlorine-containing disinfectant (84 disinfectant or bleaching powder) to clean tables, chairs and clothes every day according to the instructions for use; it is best to pour an appropriate amount of disinfectant into children's phlegm, saliva, feces, wiping paper, etc., stir and disinfect before throwing away Enter the toilet.

10. Why have so many people been reported to be infected with hand, foot and mouth disease recently?

According to the monitoring of the health department, experts compared the current reported incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease with the number of incidences in previous years and believed that this year's epidemic came earlier, but it is still sporadic. Starting from May 2 this year, the Ministry of Health will include hand, foot and mouth disease in the management of Class C notifiable infectious diseases, requiring medical and health institutions at all levels to promptly report cases through the online direct reporting system. Since reporting was not required in the past, and some patients did not seek medical treatment due to mild symptoms, some cases in the past were not discovered or reported. It is reasonable to see a certain increase in the number of reports after reporting is required according to law.

Since hand, foot and mouth disease is a common and frequently occurring infectious disease, there is the possibility of widespread disease. The health department reminds all parts of the country, especially areas with fewer cases currently or fewer cases in previous years, to strengthen prevention and monitoring to prevent and control the epidemic.