My son is in the first grade and doesn't know much about Pinyin. How should I teach him?

The first grade of Chinese Pinyin is to lay the foundation for learning Chinese in the future. If you learn it well, you will benefit for life. The children are just in the first grade, and there are many children.

It's normal to learn pinyin badly. Don't worry, guide slowly. The following is what I spent time and teaching my children to sort out.

Reference.

Remember the pronunciation of the initials and finals of Chinese pinyin first, then put the letters together and pay attention to the tone. Practicing is enough.

Yes, the first grade pinyin * * * has 63 letters.

First, Chinese Pinyin.

Initial: refers to the consonant at the beginning of a syllable.

Final: refers to the part of a syllable after the initial.

Syllable: the basic structural unit of pronunciation, the smallest phonetic fragment that is naturally felt. Consists of initials and finals. "big" "

Generally speaking, a Chinese character represents a syllable.

Initial: the pronunciation is light, b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s y w 23.

Vowel: pronounced loudly: a o e i u ü ai ei i ao ou iu ie ü ee er an un ng eng 24.

Overall recognition syllables: Zhi Chi Shi Li Zi Ci Yi Gi Wu Yu Yu Ye Yuan Yinyunying 16.

Monosyllabic vowel: the pronunciation is loud and long] a o e i u ü 6] contains only one vowel, which is called monosyllabic vowel.

Compound vowel: ai ei ui ao ou iu ie ue er 9] A compound vowel composed of two or three vowels is called a compound vowel.

[Oral vowel: refers to pinyin ending in "n", such as "an en" in un ün 5]

[Postnasal vowel: refers to pinyin ending in "ng" with four "ang eng ng"]

There is a great difference between the front nasal sound and the back nasal sound: the front nasal sound ends in n and the back nasal sound ends in ng.

The front nasal sound consists of vowels and nasal endings. When the nasal ending is -n, when the nasal ending is -n, the tip of the tongue should be pressed against the upper gum, and the soft palate will droop, so that air can flow out of the nasal cavity. When the sound is over, the tip of the tongue should be pressed against the back of the upper teeth.

【 Nasal eng begins with e, and then the root of the tongue retracts, pressing the soft palate, and the airflow comes out of the nasal cavity, which is the root of the tongue. Raise the base of your tongue. (pronounced heng)] in English)]

Pinghua pronunciation: z c s has three [Pinyin begins with "Z, C, S"].

Warp: There are four zh ch sh r [pinyin starts with "zh, ch, sh, r"].

Three Pinyin Festival: 9 Iaua uo uai iao ian iang ong.

Zero initial syllable: a ai an ang ao e ê ei en eng er on13.

[er is a special vowel, sometimes classified as a compound vowel, sometimes classified as a special vowel alone]

Second, how to pronounce pinyin

Pinyin has initials and finals. Vowels are larger and initials are lighter. Vowels are divided into simple vowels and complex vowels, which contain only one.

A vowel is called a vowel; Consisting of several vowels or a combination of vowels and consonants, it is called a compound vowel.

The vowels of Chinese syllables consist of three parts: the beginning, the belly and the end. Rhyme, also known as alto; Rhyme belly, called vowel; Rhyme ending rule

There are vowels and consonants.

For example, [such as Lie] L is the initial and ie is the final. I rhymes; E is rhyme, such as Guan. In this syllable, G is the initial and Guan is the final.

A vowel. In vowel uan, u is the rhyme head, a is the rhyme belly and n is the rhyme end. Diphthongs is a special form of compound vowel.

Pronunciation of pinyin:

monophthong

A (Ah) has a wide mouth, the lowest tongue position and a slightly upturned back.

O (Oh) The mouth is round, the tongue is slightly backward, and the back of the tongue is slightly upturned.

E (Goose) has a flat mouth, and its tongue position is roughly the same as that of O, except that its mouth is spread to both sides.

I (clothing) teeth are arranged neatly, and the mouth shape is flat. The tip of the tongue touches the back of the lower teeth, making the front of the tongue convex.

U has a pointed mouth, a round lip, a small hole and a backward tongue. Like a bird's nest

The pronunciation of "fish" and "I" is basically the same. The tip of the tongue touches the back of the lower tooth, but the lips are round and slightly protruding forward, and the tip of the tongue touches the back of the lower tooth.

The first letter of a Chinese syllable

B (glass) lips are tightly closed to block the airflow, and then the lips suddenly open to let the airflow erupt and the vocal cords vibrate.

The pronunciation position and method of P (slope) are the same as that of B, but the airflow is stronger than that of B, and the vocal cords vibrate.

M (touch) lips are closed and the air is blocked. When pronouncing, air flows out of the nasal cavity and the vocal cords vibrate.

The upper teeth of F (Buddha) contact with the lower lip, forming a slit, so that the airflow rubs out of the slit and the vocal cords vibrate.

D) The tip of the tongue abuts against the upper gum, blocking the airflow, and then the tip of the tongue suddenly leaves, spitting out weak airflow and vibrating the vocal cords.

T (special) pronunciation position and method are basically the same as D, but the difference is that the airflow is stronger.

N (what) The tip of the tongue abuts against the upper gum, blocking the airflow, allowing the airflow to flow to the nasal cavity and out of the nostrils, and the vocal cords vibrate.

The tip of L (Le) tongue is pressed on the unsatisfied upper gum, so that air flows out from both sides of the tongue and the vocal cords vibrate.

The root of π (elder brother) tongue is raised against the soft palate, blocking the airflow, and then suddenly opens, spitting out weak airflow, and the vocal cords vibrate.

The pronunciation position and method of K (a) are basically the same as π, but the airflow is stronger.

H (drinking) The base of the tongue is close to the soft palate, forming a slit, allowing the airflow to rub out of the slit and the vocal cords to vibrate.

The front of J (machine) tongue is lifted and attached to the front of hard palate, and then the tongue is slightly separated to form a gap with hard palate to allow air circulation.

Squeezing out of the seam, the vocal cords vibrate.

Q (7) pronunciation position and method are basically the same as J, but the airflow is stronger.

The front of the X (western) tongue is raised close to the hard palate, forming a seam, allowing the airflow to rub out and the vocal cords to vibrate.

Z (data) the tip of the tongue stretches forward, sticks to the back of the upper teeth, holds its breath, and then leaves the tip of the tongue slightly, forming a gap from which air can flow.

Squeeze it out and the vocal cords vibrate.

The position and method of C (secondary) pronunciation are basically the same as Z, but the airflow is stronger.

The tip of the tongue of S (Si) extends horizontally forward, close to the back of the upper teeth, forming a seam through which air can be squeezed out and the vocal cords vibrate.

The tip of zh (Zhi) stands up, close to the front of the hard palate (the part behind the upper gum), and then the tip of ZH moves away slightly to let air flow out of it.

Squeezing out of the seam, the vocal cords vibrate.

The pronunciation position and method of ch (eat) are basically the same as that of zh, but the airflow is stronger.

The tip of the tongue of sh (the teacher) is tilted upward, close to the front of the hard palate, forming a gap, allowing air to squeeze out and the vocal cords to vibrate.

The pronunciation position and method of R (Japanese) are the same as sh, but the two sides of the tongue should be rolled up when pronouncing.

The pronunciation of y and I is similar, except that y is the initial, and the initial is lighter; I is a vowel, and vowels are louder when pronounced.

The pronunciations of W and U are similar, except that W is the initial consonant and the initial consonant is lighter. U is a vowel, which is pronounced louder.

compound vowel

Ai begins with a sound, and this A is in front of the tongue when reading A alone. After A, the tongue slowly rises and the mouth slowly closes, almost reaching I.

Stop at the tongue position. There is a sliding process from a to i.

Ei starts with the sound of e, and then slides to I. When e is pronounced, the tongue position is higher than that of single e, and the pronunciation is louder.

Ui is a combination of u and ei. When pronouncing, u is pronounced first, then ei, and the mouth shape changes from round to flat.

Ao begins with a, which is longer and louder than reading a alone, and then the tongue rises gradually and the mouth closes.

Turn around and make a sound like a u, light and short.

Ou sounds o first, and then the lips gradually close, making a u sound. O is long and loud, and u is short and vague.

Iu is a combination of I and ou. When pronouncing, pronounce I first, and then gradually turn the sound to U, which is one more than the single vowel U.

Yes, the tongue position is low, and the loudness of U is greater than that of I.

When ie is pronounced, it starts with I, then starts with faint, with the mouth half open and the air in the middle constantly. The pronunciation of e in ie is different from that of Yixin e,

This is the word E, the mouth is half open, the mouth is wide open, the tip of the tongue is attached to the back of the tooth, the tongue is forward, and the throat is hard.

When you pronounce üe, you start from ü, then slide to your mouth, and the mouth is closed to half-open, without stopping breathing in the middle. E is also pronounced here.

When pronouncing "er", e indicates the position of the tongue when pronouncing, and r indicates the tongue rolling action. When pronouncing the vowel e, put your tongue

Roll it up to the hard palate and it becomes er.

Pronasal vowel: refers to the five vowels ending in "n" in Pinyin, an en in Unü n.

Consists of vowels and nasal sounds. When the nasal ending is -n and the nasal ending is -n, the tip of the tongue should be pressed against the upper gum, and the soft palate will droop to let the air flow.

Starting from the nasal cavity, the tip of the tongue touches the back of the upper teeth of the sound tail. [English pronunciation]

Postnasal vowel: refers to the four vowels ending in "ng" in pinyin.

Ang starts from a, then the root of the tongue presses on the soft palate, and the airflow comes out of the nasal cavity.

Eng begins with e, then the root of the tongue retracts and air flows out of the nasal cavity.

Ing starts from I, the tip of the tongue is downward, the tongue is retracted, the base of the tongue is raised against the soft palate, and the airflow comes out of the nasal cavity.

Ong begins with o, then the tongue retracts, the root of the tongue moves closer to the soft palate, and the airflow comes out of the nasal cavity.

note:

I sound is similar to Y sound, and U sound is similar to W sound, except that I and U are vowels, and the vowels are larger when pronounced. Y and w are initials, and initials are pronounced.

The voice became lighter.

Ye, pronounced ie, Ye Can can't spell, but can only read it as a whole; Month, pronounced as üe, can't be spelled like leaves.

You can only read the whole book. Yi, yin, ying and wu are pronounced as I, in, ing and U respectively; Yu, Yue, Yun and Yuan.

Pronounced as: ü, üe, ün, üan respectively.

Third, the law of reading tone: one level, two liters, three turns and four falls, no standard tone to read softly.

[One tone is also called a flat tone, two tones are also called a flat tone, three tones are also called an upper tone, and four tones are also called a falling tone]

For example, the tone symbols used in the Chinese phonetic scheme are Yin Ping (ˇ), rising tone (ˇ) and rising tone (ˇ).

(ˋ), a soft (non-standard) method. This method solves the problem of distinguishing Chinese characters with different tones. For example: mom

Mā (flat tone), Ma má (rising tone), Ma Mǐ (rising tone), scold Mǐ (falling tone), scold M ǐ.

Fourth, intonation rules: syllables should be recited and rules should be clearly remembered.

If there is, don't let it go. If there is, be sure to mark it on it. If not, find O and E. If not, mark it on O. If not, mark it on E.

Iu sit side by side, all marked at the back, iu, ui, marked after the letter, for example, iu should be marked u, ui should be marked.

I, needless to say, vowels can only be marked on vowels. If I mark it off, the tender mark will be empty.

Fifth, spell the rules of saving points: J, Q, X are really naughty and never stay with U. They fight with U and dig out the fisheye when they see it;

Dig out two points and read ü; Xiao ü is very proud, his eyes look up, and Big Y helps him take off his proud hat.

I hope this helps.