Video tutorial on planting loofah

The tutorial on planting loofah is as follows:

Luffa seed value method;

First, soil preparation

Production land should be sandy soil with deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, neutral and slightly acidic PH value, not barren soil. Hainan soil is generally acidic, and its organic matter content is low.

When preparing soil, generally 50- 100 kg lime should be sprinkled per mu to adjust the pH of the soil; The base fertilizer is mainly decomposed farmyard manure, supplemented by NPK compound fertilizer, urea, calcium superphosphate and cake fertilizer. Generally, 2000-3000 kilograms of farm manure, 50 kilograms of NPK compound fertilizer, 30 kilograms of urea, 40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 30 kilograms of cake fertilizer are applied per mu. It is best to mix and decompose them before applying base fertilizer.

Generally, the application amount of base fertilizer accounts for 2/3 of the whole production period of loofah. Generally, the width of the border is 1.40m (including the border), and the width of the border is 30-35cm, and the length is subject to the actual situation in the field. Luffa is not heat-resistant, so it is best to cover it with plastic film. When covering the film, try to choose sunny and windless weather, and the film should be close to the soil surface, and the surrounding area should be sealed and covered. The choice of plastic film is: white plastic film has better warming effect on soil; Black plastic film has a significant effect on inhibiting the growth of weeds; Silver-gray plastic film can effectively avoid aphid damage.

Second, seed treatment

1. Seed disinfection and soaking treatment

Choose disinfection methods according to the main diseases in Hainan;

(1) Soaking seeds at room temperature: wash the seeds in water at room temperature, and then soak them in water for 3-5 hours.

(2) Soak the seeds in warm soup: put the seeds in warm water at 50℃-55℃, keep the water temperature uniform and soak the seeds for 15-20 minutes, then take them out and wash them at room temperature, and then soak them in water at room temperature for 3-5 hours, mainly to kill germs on the surface of the seed coat.

(3) drug seed soaking:

Soak the seeds with 50% prochloraz: soak the seeds in clean water for 65,438+0-2 hours, soak them in water solution with 65,438+0,500 times of prochloraz for 65,438+00 minutes, take them out and wash them, and then soak them in normal temperature water for 2-3 hours. Mainly used for preventing and controlling botrytis cinerea of luffa.

Accelerate germination

Whether germination is accelerated or not depends on temperature conditions. The sterilized and soaked seeds are taken out and cleaned, and then placed below 25℃-30℃ to change temperature or keep moisture at constant temperature to accelerate germination.

Third, sow.

1. Sowing date:

According to the cultivation season, temperature conditions and market demand, choose the appropriate sowing date.

2. Seed quality

Must meet the requirements of GB16715.1-1996. The seed purity is not less than 95%, the purity is not less than 99%, the germination rate is not less than 90%, and the water content is not higher than 8%.

3. Sowing amount:

According to the planting density of loofah, 800- 1200 plants are planted per mu, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and the seed consumption is about 350-500g g.

4. Sowing method:

The survival rate of transplanted loofah is low, and direct seeding is generally used. Prepare soil for the border in March-April, with a width of about 3m. Soak the seeds to accelerate germination, and plant two rows on both sides. Plant spacing is 35 cm, holes are opened, and 3 seeds are planted in each hole. 1hm2 requires about 300-450g of seeds. Single row planting, plant spacing of 30-50 cm, 2 seeds per hole, depth of 1-2 cm, seeds lying flat, soil holding capacity of 75% is appropriate, if it is too dry, water it a little, cover with hay after sowing, and keep it warm and moist.

Sowing should be carried out on sunny days, and the holes should be as small as possible to avoid filming when the wind is strong.

Fourth, on-site management

1. Spacing and fixing seedlings

Generally, there are 3-4 true-leaf time seedlings in the seedling stage of Luffa directly broadcast in the open field, and one strong seedling is left in each hole and watered with water and fertilizer for 2-3 times; Plastic film mulching cultivation, watering 1-2 times after the seedlings are fixed, and then compacting the holes with dry fine soil.

2. Fertilizer and water management

The first heavy fertilizer is applied by pulling vines and cultivating soil, with decomposed farm manure 1000 kg per mu, cake fertilizer 20 kg and ternary compound fertilizer 20 kg, which are mixed evenly and then applied to cultivation ditch; Results The second fertilizer was applied in the peak period, with 20 kg ternary compound fertilizer per mu and potassium chloride 10 kg. Results The fertilizer was supplemented 3-4 times in the later stage, with ternary compound fertilizer 10 kg or cake fertilizer of 20 kg per mu.

Plastic film mulching cultivation, root topdressing is not convenient, only base fertilizer can be applied again. After vine pulling, foliar topdressing is the main method, and bio-organic fertilizer is the main method. Because of the large amount of fertilizer required in the fruiting period, it is appropriate to use the method of breaking the film at the root to topdressing. Generally, topdressing is applied once every 6-8 days, and ternary compound fertilizer 10 kg or cake fertilizer 20 kg can be used alternately per mu as required.

Luffa needs a lot of water for a long time, especially in the full fruit stage. In sunny days, it is necessary to ditch every 6-8 days 1 time to keep the border moist all the time.

3. Erection and pruning

Luffa stems are creeping. When the melon grows to 5-6 real leaves, it begins to spit and pull vines. At this time, the vines should be set up in time. According to the occurrence and fruit setting of towel gourd vines, the ineffective vines at the base of the stem should be removed to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. After the seedlings are properly circled, they should be put on the shelves to make them evenly distributed. If the growth is too strong, you can remove some vines and remove one vine after every 1 melon.

Results The basal diseases and old leaves were removed in the later stage. Scaffolding can be flat shed or herringbone frame according to local cultivation habits, and the height of the scaffold is about 2 meters, which requires firmness and durability.

Protect flowers and fruits

When planting loofah in winter and spring, the main vine will bear the first female flower from node 10, and then bear many female flowers continuously, and some female flowers should be thinned out during cultivation. Generally, the first female flower melon is deformed and should be removed in time. At the same time, artificial pollination can be carried out at 5~6 pm to improve the fruit setting rate. When the melon is about 30 cm long, pay attention to hanging the melon and straighten the melon strips manually.

Planting in summer and autumn, because the node position of the first female flower is too high, it is necessary to circle the seedlings and wait until the female flower appears before pulling the vines.

Five, pest control

1. Major diseases

The main diseases at seedling stage are Rhizoctonia solani and gray mold.

The main diseases after vine pulling are virus disease, downy mildew, gray mold, Fusarium wilt and bacterial angular leaf spot.

2. Main pests

The main pests at seedling stage are aphids, cutworms and leaf miner.

The main diseases after pulling out vines are: liriomyza sativae, cutworms, whiteflies, fruit flies, cotton bollworms and mites.

3. Prevention and control principles

In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive management", adhere to the principle of "agricultural control, physical control, biological control first, supplemented by chemical control".

4. Agricultural control

For the main pest control targets, select varieties with high resistance and multi-resistance: implement strict rotation system, rotate with non-melon crops for more than 3 years, and implement paddy-upland rotation in areas where conditions permit; Deep furrows and high ridges, covered with plastic film; Cultivate strong seedlings and improve stress resistance; Balance fertilization according to soil fertility, increase fully decomposed organic fertilizer and rationally apply chemical fertilizer; Clean the fields.

5. Physical prevention and control

Covering with silver-gray plastic film can repel aphids; Soaking seeds in warm soup can kill bacteria.

6. Biological control

(1) Natural enemies: actively protect and use natural enemies to control pests and diseases.

(2) Biological agents: plant pesticides such as veratrine, matrine and azadirachtin and biological pesticides such as agricultural streptomycin, neophytomycin, BT powder and abamectin are commonly used to control pests and diseases.

7. Highly toxic and residual pesticides that are not allowed to be used.

Chlordimeform, cyanide, lead phosphide, bhc, DDT, chlordane, methamidophos, phorate (39 1 1) and parathion (1605) shall not be used in production.

Internal absorption of phosphorus, methyl parathion (methyl 1605), Su Hua 203, mirex, fosamine, isopropyl phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride, omethoate, zinc phosphide, carbofuran, isocarbophos, monocrotophos, dicofol, aldicarb, methomyl, fluoroacetamide, organic mercury preparation and arsenic preparation.