Has quantum navigation and positioning system been put into civilian use at present?

Beidou satellite began to be used on a small scale in 20 12, and will be spread all over the world in 2020, but the civil journey has been mired in a quagmire. Since the launch of Beidou-1 satellite, the relevant state departments have started the civil work of Beidou satellite navigation system. Professor Jun Guo, chairman of the Resources and Environment Committee of China GPS Application Association and director of the GPS Application Research Office of Tsinghua University, told the reporter: "So far, only three companies, namely China Satellite Communication, Big Dipper Communication and Shenzhou, have been granted the commercial operation right of Beidou-1." It is reported that the Big Dipper Satellite Navigation Technology Co., Ltd. is a leading enterprise in China satellite communication market, and it was transformed into a private enterprise in 2000. In June 5438+February 65438+May 2003, Beidou Operation Service Center was officially put into operation. "If calculated according to the consumption standard of about $50 per user per year, the potential market size of Beidou system can reach $654.38+$50 million. But in fact, the' Big Dipper' has been officially launched 1 for many years, and its registered users are only a few thousand. " Zhang Tongxuan, a market expert who has long been concerned about the satellite positioning industry, said. The performance of the Big Dipper is so good. What about China Satellite Communication and Shenzhou Tian Hong? Wang, president of Changchun Julong Company, a downstream manufacturer that provides terminal equipment for China Xingtong, said in a telephone interview: "There are two downstream manufacturers that produce terminal equipment for China Weitong. Because the technology of the other company has not been recognized by China Weitong, only our family supplies China Weitong, and only a few dozen terminal receivers have been provided for it at present. " According to Wang Jianzhong, general manager of "Dragon Beidou", so far, they have only delivered 10 sets of terminal equipment to "China Satcom". Recently, 200 sets are being produced, and more than 1000 sets will be delivered as planned this year. Compared with Beidou and China Satellite Communication, the life of Shenzhou Tian Hong is not easy. Liu, general manager of "Shenzhou" marketing department, told the reporter: "Our current customers are only about 1 000, of which only 800 are official business users, and the other 200 are trial users in the trial product stage." He calculated such a cost and income account for the reporter: the operation center established to build a civil platform costs 25 million yuan, and the annual equipment maintenance and consumption reaches 3 million yuan. Based on 1 0,000 users' charge of 30,000 yuan each, the income is 30 million yuan. If manpower and management costs are added, "Shenzhou Tian Hong" is unprofitable. "If we lose money for a long time, we may also give up." General manager Liu told reporters. The performance of the three companies that were approved to obtain the civil operation rights of "Beidou No.1" was poor, and "Beidou No.1" was not a good seat. Why? Is the excited foresight of experts really just a beautiful dream? Beidou-1 illuminates the satellite navigation industry. On May 25th, 2003, China sent the third Beidou-1 navigation and positioning satellite into space in xichang satellite launch center, which indicated that China had the first generation of perfect satellite navigation and positioning system. Liu, general manager of Shenzhou Company, which was granted the franchise right of Beidou-1, said in an interview: "This system is the first generation of regional navigation system in China that provides satellite navigation information around the clock and has completely independent intellectual property rights. It consists of two working stars and a spare star. The first two Beidou-1 satellites were launched on June 5438+/KOOC-0/October 3/KOOC-0/and June 5438+February 2/KOOC-0/respectively. " The launch of "Beidou-1" once attracted cheers from enterprises engaged in satellite navigation business in China, believing that the application of satellite navigation and positioning in China has entered a period of rapid development. Experts predict that by the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the market output value of satellite navigation and positioning applications in China will exceed 654.38+0 billion yuan, and the output value of related industries driven by it will be 5 times to 654.38+00 times this figure. Does this industry really have that great potential? What will Beidou satellite navigation system rely on to attract consumers? "Satellite navigation and positioning refers to the use of information such as position, speed and time provided by satellite navigation and positioning system to complete the positioning, navigation, monitoring and management of various targets on the earth. Satellite navigation and positioning are used in all fields of national economy, and the communication industry uses satellite navigation and positioning technology to synchronize time; Electric power, cable TV and urban underground pipelines are laid by satellite positioning technology; Public security, banking, medical care, fire control, etc. Use it to establish an emergency rescue or alarm system; Cars and ships use satellite positioning technology to navigate; In the field of e-commerce, satellite positioning technology is used for customer management and logistics distribution. " Zhou Ruxin, chairman of the Big Dipper Satellite Navigation Technology Co., Ltd. said, "Now some mobile phones are equipped with GPS chips, and the relationship between satellite navigation and positioning is getting closer to ordinary people. Computer manufacturers and communication equipment manufacturers are promoting various mobile information terminals integrating communication, computers and satellite navigation and positioning receivers. Satellite navigation and positioning will be a very big market in the consumer field. " For example, car navigation systems have been developed in some civilian markets. After installing the satellite positioning system, the vehicle will not get lost, and it can also be used to call the police when encountering bandits. Experts' exciting foresight depicts such a dream that we are equally excited: in the future, everyone can be equipped with a satellite positioning terminal, and each of us can walk with "Star" in the future! But what is puzzling is that the third "Beidou No.1" has been in the sky for nearly two years. Why did it meet frontispiece on the road of civil use? Advanced technology and lagging market "apart from sporadic information from the media, we have never seen the publicity of Beidou from relevant parties, and no salesman at home has contacted us." We don't know what the cost is, whether there are any preferential policies, and what institutions are operating. " A business manager surnamed Li of Jin 22nd Century (Beijing) Network Technology Service Co., Ltd., which operates the American GPS satellite positioning system and refuses to use the domestic Beidou-1 satellite positioning system, told the reporter. "The GPS satellite positioning system in the United States has 24 satellites. No matter where the target is, there are four satellites running around the target synchronously, while Beidou-1 has only three satellites. " "Isn't Beidou-1 more advanced than American GPS?" The reporter asked. Manager Li said that he did not understand and did not intend to introduce the Beidou-1 project in the near future, because the cost of replacing the system was very high, and it would not be considered unless the upstream manufacturers could provide policy, technology and financial support. Wang, the president of Changchun Julong, who introduced the Beidou-1 project, is also full of bitterness. He told reporters: "As the downstream terminal manufacturer of Beidou-1, the investment is very large and we need to raise funds. However, due to Beidou-1' s narrow orbit, late development and low degree of commercialization, investors are often skeptical, fearing that China Satcom will not be able to pay, which makes financing very difficult. If there is a problem in the capital chain, it will inevitably affect the development of customers, thus affecting the civil process of Beidou-1. On the other hand, the strength of the enterprises approved to obtain the' Beidou No.1' franchise is not very strong, and the lack of marketing and brand promotion also restricts the commercialization of' Beidou Generation'. " "In terms of user groups, Beidou generation can't compare with American GPS. As a dual-use satellite positioning system for military and civilian use,' Beidou Generation' provides about 1 10,000 households for civilian use, and the customer base should be locked in special customer groups such as disaster monitoring. " Professor Jun Guo, director of Resources and Environment Committee of China GPS Application Association and director of Tsinghua University GPS Application Research Office, said. However, specializing in satellite positioning system research, she also admitted that "Beidou generation" was "half a beat" in civil development and utilization. "The GPS in the United States is synchronized, and the Beidou generation started the research and development of terminal equipment and other civilian work a few days after the satellite. This should be a lesson. " "In addition, there are some other problems in the industrialization of satellite navigation applications in China. First, the car navigation map has become a bottleneck. In the automobile navigation industry chain, the navigation satellite system is the most upstream, followed by electronic map manufacturers, followed by software and hardware manufacturers such as Siemens, and automobile manufacturers are the most downstream in this industry chain. At present, most GPS navigation systems in China are imported, and the price is as high as 1 10,000 yuan to10.5 million yuan. The high price has restrained consumption to a great extent, so it is imperative to speed up the localization process. But at present, there are only two kinds of car navigation systems in China, and the industry is still in its infancy-and because of the government's control over map data, few areas in China have realized map digitization. So far, two models with car navigation systems only cover 20 cities, and only three companies are allowed to produce and sell digital maps. " Zhang Tongxuan, a researcher at Southwest Securities, said, "For the companies involved in the positioning system, besides the electronic map business, which needs continuous investment, obtaining the original map is also one of the problems. Generally speaking, before digitization, it is necessary to purchase relevant map resources and satellite maps from local surveying and mapping institutions. However, as a national institution, surveying and mapping institutions will inevitably involve how to define and treat the intellectual property rights of map products when selling them. The ownership of map surveying and mapping makes it difficult for buyers to know the price they buy. Electronic map production companies also encounter the situation that surveying and mapping institutions are unwilling to sell their own surveying and mapping materials, so some map production units can only invest their own manpower and material resources in surveying and mapping. The investment cost of this operating model is extremely high. " It is understood that in the field of civil engineering, "China Satcom" will also extend its reach to the mobile communication market. At present, the satellite mobile phone launched by "China Satcom" has not been opened except for the call function, because the communication standard is not uniform, and it has related value-added services such as texting and surfing the Internet. This dual-mode mobile phone based on "Global Star" costs 2.60 yuan per minute; The individual users charge a little less, which is 2 yuan per minute. Compared with the previous high tariff of "China Satellite" calling from 9 yuan to 20 yuan per minute, this price level dropped significantly. Due to the current small sales volume, the price of "China Satellite" phone is still high, and the global satellite SAT550 mobile phone is as high as 8,500 yuan, far higher than the general GSM mobile phone on the market. In addition, "at present, short-term behaviors abound in the GPS industry in China. For example, products have not been effectively verified, rushed to launch without understanding the relevant national policies, blindly set up sales outlets without investigation, and the' one-hammer sale' with poor product quality and high risk has affected the reputation of the industry. " Director Wan Xinyu of Shenzhen SEG Navigation Company bluntly said. Undoubtedly, the satellite navigation industry has become one of the hottest investment fields in 2 1 century. The navigation system that has been widely used in developed countries has produced great economic benefits, but the Beidou-1 satellite positioning system independently developed by China is facing the dilemma of "advanced technology and lagging market"-how to break this dilemma has become a problem that all parties concerned have to face and think about.